PUBLIC HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS Dele Ogunseitan Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 1
OUTLINE 1. Public Health Considerations: Host Trees 2. Public Health Considerations: Pest Control 3. Questions and Discussion Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 2
1. Public Health Benefits of Host Trees Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 3
UC Irvine Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 4
For me, what has remained, and has really gotten refined, is this focus on the environment. This is why my final memorial is devoted to raising awareness about what we are losing in terms of biodiversity and habitat. It focuses on what we are losing and also focuses on what can be done to help. - MAYA LIN UC IRVINE ARTS PLAZA 2005 Working with Santa Monica landscape architect Pamela Burton, Lin added nearly 50 trees (27 California sycamores, 13 Mexican sycamores and 9 Valencia oranges) to the site. Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 5
379 human subjects (UCI) responded to a structured 18-item survey instrument on topophilia and to the 26-item World Health Organization s Quality of Life (WHOQOL- Bref) instrument. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed four domains of topophilia (ecodiversity, synesthetic tendency, cognitive challenge, and familiarity) and four domains of QOL (physical, psychological, social, and environmental). Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 6
Topophilia Model Structural equation modeling to explore the adequacy of a theoretical model linking topophilia and QOL. The model fit the data extremely well: χ 2 = 5.02 p = 0.414 correlation = 0.12 (p = 0.047). Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 7
1,153 Human subjects. We used generalized ordinal logistic models to estimate the association between environmental parameters and odds of perceiving higher levels of restorativeness. Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 8
Summary of Research on Topophilia New methodological framework for linking environmental quality and human health. Implementing evidence-based provision of restorative environments. Targeted design of built environments to enhance human quality of life. Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 9
2. Public Health Considerations: Pest Control Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 10
LOS ANGELES, Dec. 9 For the second time in this decade, California has undertaken vast aerial spraying of a pesticide over residential areas here in an effort to eradicate the Mediterranean fruit fly, fueling a renewed debate that pits protection of agriculture against environmental concerns. Since a single fly was trapped near Dodger Stadium in August, helicopters have sprayed the pesticide malathion over 250 square miles of neighborhoods in Los Angeles County and Orange County. As the work on the current infestation goes on, two questions arise: Is the pesticide dangerous to humans, and can the produce industry in California survive both the fly and the spraying? State Produce Could Be Barred ($16.6 billion agricultural industry). Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 11
Malathion Organophosphorous chemical. Mode of Action Binds irreversibly to cholinesterase. Used as treatment for head lice. Ingestion results in metabolism to malaoxon, which is more toxic than malathion. Levels in children linked to ADHD» Bouchard, M. F.; Bellinger, D. C.; Wright, R. O.; Weisskopf, M. G. (2010). "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Urinary Metabolites of Organophosphate Pesticides". Pediatrics 125 (6): e1270 7. Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 12
http://www.psr-la.org/files/pesticides_and_human_health.pdf Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 13
Polyphagus Shot Hole Borer Euwallaecea fornicatus Fusarium euwallacea (Freeman et al. 2013) Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 14
Pest control strategies Physical Removal Incineration Chemicals Insecticides Biological pesticides Selectively Toxic Chemicals Broad Spectrum Toxic Chemicals Fungicides Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 15
Bifenthrin Species LD 50 Female rats 54 mg/kg Male rats 70 mg/kg Mice 43 mg/kg Mallard ducks 1280 ppm Bobwhite quail 4450 ppm Rainbow trout 0.00015 mg/l Bluegill 0.00035 mg/l Daphnia 0.0016 mg/l Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 16
Emamectin Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 17
Bacillus subtilis Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 18
Metconazole U.S. EPA : Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 19
Propiconazole PPZ Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 20
Thiabendazole Scabies, Trichnosis, Hookworm Treatment Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 21
3. Discussion Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 22
Trees on campus have benefits for public health in terms of mental health restoration, beyond aesthetics, and should be protected. There is a limited number of pest control options that may be applied safely and cautiously with little or no potential for adverse impacts on public health and the environment. Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 23
4. Questions? Oladele.Ogunseitan@uci.edu Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 24