Famil: Sapotaceae Taxo: Pouteria lucuma Som: Achras lucuma Ruiz & Pav. (basiom) Lucuma obovata Kuth Commo Name: lucmo lúcuma Questioaire : curret 20090513 Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: L Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score -1 101 Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, =-1 103 Does the species have weed races? =1, =-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- Low substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio 205 302 Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, =-1 405 Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 Prit Date: 11/8/2012 Pouteria lucuma (Sapotaceae) Page 1 of 7
412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, =-1 603 Hbridizes aturall =1, =-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic =1, =-1 605 Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, =-1 607 Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, >3 4+ ears = -1 701 Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, =-1 703 Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, =-1 704 Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, =-1 705 Propagules water dispersed =1, =-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed =1, =-1 707 Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, =-1 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, =-1 801 Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, =-1 802 Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, =-1 803 Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, =-1 805 Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: L WRA Score -1 Prit Date: 11/8/2012 Pouteria lucuma (Sapotaceae) Page 2 of 7
Supportig Data: 101 1987. Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lucmo (Pouteria lucuma). J.F. Morto, Miami, FL http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto/lucm 101 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA 201 1987. Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lucmo (Pouteria lucuma). J.F. Morto, Miami, FL http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto/lucm 202 1987. Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lucmo (Pouteria lucuma). J.F. Morto, Miami, FL http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto/lucm 203 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora 204 1987. Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lucmo (Pouteria lucuma). J.F. Morto, Miami, FL http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto/lucm 204 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK 205 1987. Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lucmo (Pouteria lucuma). J.F. Morto, Miami, FL http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto/lucm 205 2001. Haelt, P. (ed.). Masfeld's Ecclopedia of Agricultural ad Horticultural Crops (except Orametals), Volume 1. Spriger-Verlag, Berli, Heidelberg, New York 301 2012. Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia 302 2012. Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia 303 2012. Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia 304 2012. Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia [Is the species highl domesticated? No evidece that tree has bee selected for traits that would reduce ivasiveess] "The lucmo was first see ad reported b Europeas i Ecuador i 1531. Archaeologists have foud it frequetl depicted o ceramics at burial sites of the idigeous people of coastal Peru. It is ative ad cultivated i the highlads of wester Chile ad Peru ad possibl southeaster Ecuador where it is kow to have bee cultivated sice aciet times. It is grow also, to a limited extet, i the Ades of easter Bolivia ad the fruit is sold i the markets of La Paz." [Is the species highl domesticated? No evidece that tree has bee selected for traits that would reduce ivasiveess] "The large edible fruit is greatl appreciated b the ihabitats of the Adea altiplao, where it has bee protected ad cultivated for ceturies" [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 0-Low] "This species is ot tropical, but grows at temperate elevatios betwee 9,000 ad 10,000 ft (2,700-3,000 m) i Peru. It is adapted to fairl dr locatios." [Would probabl do well i higher elevatios of the Hawaiia archipelago ad other high elevatio islads of the Pacific] [Qualit of climate match data 2-High] [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? Yes. Elevatio rage exceeds 1000 m] "Distributio. Adea Colombia southward to N Chile, i wet motae ad cloud forest, usuall betwee 1500 ad 3000 m altitude, rarel as low as 700 m." [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? High elevatio tropics] "This species is ot tropical, but grows at temperate elevatios betwee 9,000 ad 10,000 ft (2,700-3,000 m) i Peru. It is adapted to fairl dr locatios." [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes. High elevatios of the tropics ad subtropics] "Lucuma is a sub-tropical tree ative to the iter-adea valles where aual raifall rages from 1000 to 1800 mm ad mea temperatures rage from 20⁰ C to 22⁰ C. Lucuma is best adapted to high altitudes (2700-3000 m) i areas with o freezig temperatures." [Would likel do well at mid to upper elevatios of higher tropical islads such as Hawaii, Maui, Kauai ad Tahiti, amog others] [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? No] "There have bee several attempts to grow the tree i souther Florida. It has ot lived log. Oe specime actuall bore fruit at the Fairchild Tropical Garde, developed galls, ad evetuall succumbed. The lucmo grows well i parts of Mexico ad Hawaii but the fruit is ot widel favored." [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? No] "Adea Colombia to N. Chile. Cultivated there but also i Mexico ad Hawaii as a fruit tree." [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece] [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No evidece] [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? No evidece] [Evirometal weed? No evidece] Prit Date: 11/8/2012 Pouteria lucuma (Sapotaceae) Page 3 of 7
305 1976. Morto, J.F.. Pestiferous spread of ma orametal ad fruit species i South Florida. Proceedigs of the Florida State Horticultural Societ. 89: 348-353. 305 2001. Lagelad, K.A./Stocker, R.K.. Cotrol of No-ative Plats i Natural Areas of Florida. Istitute of Food & Agricultural Scieces, Uiversit of Florida, Gaiesville, FL http://mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/ldspmgt/ldsp%20turf%20 Mgmt/PDFfiles/WG20900.pdf 401 1987. Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lucmo (Pouteria lucuma). J.F. Morto, Miami, FL http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto/lucm 402 2012. Morikawa, C.I.O./Miaura, R./Tapia Y Figueroa, M.D.L./Regifo Salgado, E.L./Fujii, Y.. Screeig of 170 Peruvia plat species for allelopathic activit b usig the Sadwich Method. Weed Biolog ad Maagemet. 12: 1 11. 403 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora [Cogeeric weed? Possibl. P. campechiaa cotrolled i Florida, but rated as Low Risk b HPWRA] "Abstract. The massive ivasio of large tracts of South Florida b Melaleuca quiqueervia ad Casuaria equisetifolia from Australia ad Schius terebithifolius from Brazil is a evirometal problem ow receivig serious attetio. There are dozes of other itroduced orametal plats ad fruit trees which have bee multiplig spotaeousl i our area for ma ears or have recetl become cospicuous as weeds o private ad public properties some because of seed distributio b exotic birds ew to our faua. Outstadig examples are Cestrum diurum, Bischofia javaica, Washigtoia robusta, Ptchosperma elegas, Aaurraa paiculata, Eriobotra japoica, Pouteria campechiaa ad Pithecellobium dulce. We should tr to discourage the platig of some udesirable species ad war of the eed to cotrol the spread of others, i order to reduce the maiteace load of cultivated grouds ad the threat to udeveloped areas which are beig overru b vigorous alie vegetatio." [Cogeeric weed? Possibl. P. campechiaa cotrolled i Florida, but rated as Low Risk b HPWRA] "Pouteria campechiaa...treatmet: Had pull seedligs; basal bark applicatio of 10% Garlo 4 Commets: Small to medium tree; ellow, edible fruit; prolific ivader of hammocks but local i distributio; fruit eate b raccoos ad opossums." [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No] "This attractive tree rages from 25 to 50 ft (8 15 m) i height, has a dese, rouded crow, velvet hairs o its oug brachlets, ad copious milk latex. The evergree leaves, clustered at the tips of small braches, are obovate, oval or elliptic, blut at the apex, poited at the base, 5 to 10 i (12.5-25 cm) log; thi or slightl leather; dark-gree o the upper surface, pale ad sometimes brow hair o the uderside." [Allelopathic? Potetiall. Greehouse trials show ihibitor effects for Pouteria lucuma] "Table 2. Allelopathic activit of the 176 samples (170 species) of Peruvia plats b the Sadwich Method" [Parasitic? No] "Tree to 20 m high ad 30 cm diam. with dark greish-brow fissured bark ad milk white exudate." [Sapotaceae] 404 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Upalatable to grazig aimals? Ukow] 405 2008. Wagstaff, D.J.. Iteratioal poisoous plats checklist: a evidece-based referece. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL http://www.crcetbase.com/isb/9781420062533 406 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK 406 2012. Chiri, A.. I the Fullerto Arboretum - Lucuma Pouteria lucuma Sapotaceae. http://www.ocfruit.com/files/lucuma.htm 407 1987. Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lucmo (Pouteria lucuma). J.F. Morto, Miami, FL http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto/lucm 407 2008. Wagstaff, D.J.. Iteratioal poisoous plats checklist: a evidece-based referece. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL http://www.crcetbase.com/isb/9781420062533 408 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora [Toxic to aimals? No evidece] [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges?] "The major isect pests of lucuma iclude serpetie fruit fl (Aastrepha serpetia), which attacks the fruit, the hair worm (Clutomulus spp.), whitefl (Aleurothrixus spp.) ad hemispherical scale (Saissetia coffeae), which attack the leaves (Villachica et al., 1996)." "The major fugal disease is caused b Oidium spp. Which attacks the leaves ad is cotrolled with fugicide." [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? No evidece] "No serious diseases are kow to be of sufficiet importace to require cotrol measures. Trees are ver resistat to pests ad diseases i the adult stage. Sails ad grasshoppers are "ippers" of the leaves i oug trees, but as the grow older, the rich latex will discourage them." [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No evidece] "The fruit is eate raw, out-of-had, whe full ripe but Costa Ricas fid that, though the flavor is appealig at first, oe soo fids it repulsive because of the peculiar aftertaste. The lucmo has bee stewed i sirup, used as pie-fillig, ad made ito preserves. Curretl, some fruits are beig shipped from Chile to Eglad where the are beig used i makig ice cream. A dehdrated, powdered product is beig produced b a tomato caer i Peru." [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No evidece] [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No evidece] "Adea Colombia southward to N Chile, i wet motae ad cloud forest, usuall betwee 1500 ad 3000 m altitude, rarel as low as 700 m." [Ulikel give habitat] Prit Date: 11/8/2012 Pouteria lucuma (Sapotaceae) Page 4 of 7
409 2012. Chiri, A.. I the Fullerto Arboretum - Lucuma Pouteria lucuma Sapotaceae. http://www.ocfruit.com/files/lucuma.htm 409 2012. Dave's Garder. PlatFiles: Lucmo, Lucuma - Pouteria lucuma. http://davesgarde.com/guides/pf/go/102876/ 410 2012. Chiri, A.. I the Fullerto Arboretum - Lucuma Pouteria lucuma Sapotaceae. http://www.ocfruit.com/files/lucuma.htm 411 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora 412 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora 501 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora 502 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora 503 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora 504 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora 601 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora 602 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK 603 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora 604 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK 605 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora 605 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK 606 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Possibl No] "Mature trees withstad temperatures betwee 40 F. - 100 F., ad prefer ope ard su. " [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle?] "Su Exposure: Full Su Su to Partial Shade" [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? Yes] "The tree will grow i a wide rage of soils ad will grow well i areas subjected to occasioal dr-ess. It tolerates seasoal rais well, but ot water loggig. The tree best adapts to sad or rock sites ad eeds well draied soils. It tolerates moderate saliit, however it thrives i soils high i orgaic matter." [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] "Tree to 20 m high ad 30 cm diam. with dark greish-brow fissured bark ad milk white exudate." [Forms dese thickets? No evidece] "Adea Colombia southward to N Chile, i wet motae ad cloud forest, usuall betwee 1500 ad 3000 m altitude, rarel as low as 700 m." [Aquatic? No] Terrestrial Tree [Grass? No] Sapotaceae [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] Sapotaceae [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No] "Tree; oug shoots puberulous to shortl pubescet, becomig glabrous, pale gre-brow, slightl rougheed ad scalig, leticellate or ot. Leaves clustered, spirall arraged, 6-30 x 3.1-15 cm, broadl oblaceolate to elliptic, apex usuall obtuse, rouded or slightl emargiate, less frequetl acute, base arrowl atteuate to acute, chartaceoust o thil coriaceous, glabrous above, fiel puberulous (hairs crisped or appressed) below or more ofte glabrous; veatio eucamptodromous to partl brochidodromous, midrib flat or slightl raised o the upper surface, margial vei obscure or abset, secodar veis 9-15 pairs, parallel, straight or slightl arcuate; itersecodaries abset, tertiaries oblique; quaterar reticulum usuall preset. Petiole 1.3-2 cm log, ot chaelled, shortl pubescet." [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No evidece] [Produces viable seed? Yes] "Trees ma be propagated b seed ad superior cultivars b graftig ad marcottage." [Hbridizes aturall? Ukow] No evidece [Self-compatible or apomictic? Yes] "Lucuma trees ma bloom ad fruit all ear ad appear to be self-fertile ad isect polliated." [Requires specialist polliators? No] "The simpler tubular flowers with icluded stames, commo throughout Pouteria, are probabl visited b small bees ad other isects," "Flowers bisexual. Sepals five, 0.7-1 cm log, elliptic, ovate or suborbicular, apex acute to rouded, outside puberulous, iside appressed puberulous eart he apex, ciliate. Corolla clidrical, 1-1.8 cm log, tube 0.65-1 cm log, lobes five, 4-8 mm log, oblog, apex rouded, papillose, otherwise glabrous or occasioall with some appressed hairs o the outside of the lobes. Stames five, fixed at the top of the corolla tube; filamets 1.5-2 mm log, geiculate at apex, glabrous; athers 2.5-3 mm log, oblog-laceolate, glabrous. Stamiodes five 3-4.5 mm log, arrowl subulate, papillose. Disk abset. Ovar oblog ovoid, sometimes trucate at apex, five(-six)- locular, pubescet; stle 0.8-1.5 cm log after athesis, exserted or equallig the corolla, glabrous; stle-head simple." [Requires specialist polliators? No evidece] "Lucuma trees ma bloom ad fruit all ear ad appear to be self-fertile ad isect polliated." [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? No evidece] "Trees ma be propagated b seed ad superior cultivars b graftig ad marcottage." Prit Date: 11/8/2012 Pouteria lucuma (Sapotaceae) Page 5 of 7
607 1992. Jorda, M./Oaedel, E.. Regeeratio of Pouteria lucuma (Sapotaceae) plats i vitro. Plat Cell, Tissue ad Orga Culture. 31: 249-252. 607 2012. Chiri, A.. I the Fullerto Arboretum - Lucuma Pouteria lucuma Sapotaceae. http://www.ocfruit.com/files/lucuma.htm 701 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora 702 2001. Haelt, P. (ed.). Masfeld's Ecclopedia of Agricultural ad Horticultural Crops (except Orametals), Volume 1. Spriger-Verlag, Berli, Heidelberg, New York 703 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora 704 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora 705 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora 706 1987. Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lucmo (Pouteria lucuma). J.F. Morto, Miami, FL http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto/lucm 707 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora 708 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora 708 2004. Lik, A./Steveso, P.R.. Fruit dispersal sdromes i aimal dissemiated plats at Tiigua Natioal Park, Colombia. Revista Chilea de Historia Natural. 77: 319-334. 801 1990. Peigto, T.D.. Sapotaceae. Flora [Miimum geerative time (ears)? 15+] "Due to its log juveile period (15 ears), propagatio b graftig is used to brig plats ito productio withi 4-5 ears (Rees 1989)." [Miimum geerative time (ears)? 6+] "Although growth is slow, the lúcuma is reputed to start producig i 6 to 10 ears." [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas)? No] "Fruit 6-12 cm log, globose, apex obtuse or rouded, base rouded or trucate, rough-skied ad desel leticellate, glabrous. Seeds oeseveral, 1.8-3.5 cm log, subglobose to ellipsoid (whe solitar) or shaped like the segmet of a orage (whe several)," [Ulikel as fruits ad seeds are relativel large ad lack meas of exteral attachmet] [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] "Adea Colombia to N. Chile. Cultivated there but also i Mexico ad Hawaii as a fruit tree." [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? No] "Fruit 6-12 cm log, globose, apex obtuse or rouded, base rouded or trucate, rough-skied ad desel leticellate, glabrous. Seeds oe-several, 1.8-3.5 cm log, subglobose to ellipsoid (whe solitar) or shaped like the segmet of a orage (whe several)," [Ulikel as fruits ad seeds are relativel large ad would ot accidetall become a cotamiat of other produce] [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? No] "Fruit 6-12 cm log, globose, apex obtuse or rouded, base rouded or trucate, rough-skied ad desel leticellate, glabrous. Seeds oe-several, 1.8-3.5 cm log, subglobose to ellipsoid (whe solitar) or shaped like the segmet of a orage (whe several), testa hard, smooth, shiig, 0.5-0.75 mm thick" [Propagules water dispersed? No evidece[ "Fruit 6-12 cm log, globose, apex obtuse or rouded, base rouded or trucate, rough skied ad desel leticellate, glabrous. Seeds oe-several, 1.8-3.5 cm log, subglobose to ellipsoid (whe solitar) or shaped like the segmet of a orage (whe several), testa hard, smooth, shiig, 0.5-0.75 mm thick" [Fruits ad seeds relativel large. Distributio does ot suggest water dispersal] [Propagules bird dispersed? No. Fruit too large for frugivorous birds of the Hawaiia Islads] "The fruit is oblate, ovate or elliptic, poited or depressed at the apex; 3 to 4 i (7.5 10 cm) log, with thi, delicate ski, browish gree more or less overlaid with russet, ad bright ellow, firm, dr, meal, ver sweet pulp, permeated with latex util almost overripe. There ma be 1 to 5, usuall 2, rouded or broad-oval, dark-brow, gloss seeds with a whitish hilum o oe flattish side." "The tree blooms ad fruits all ear. Mature fruits fall to the groud but the are ot edible util the have bee kept o had for several das. Peruvia Idias bur them i stored grai, cured ha, chaff, dr leaves or other materials util the become soft." [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? Possibl] "Fruit 6-12 cm log, globose, apex obtuse or rouded, base rouded or trucate, rough skied ad desel leticellate, glabrous. Seeds oe-several, 1.8-3.5 cm log" [Possible that rodets ma trasport fruit exterall to cosume pulp or seeds awa from paret tree] [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Presumabl Yes] "Fruit 6-12 cm log, globose, apex obtuse or rouded, base rouded or trucate, rough skied ad desel leticellate, glabrous." [Feral pigs could presumabl cosume the fruit ad disperse the seeds iterall] [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Yes] "Appedix 1 Aimal dispersed plat species i Tiigua Natioal Park, that were icluded i the aalses of dispersal sdromes. The colums show the morphological traits for each plat species. Fruit size refers to the largest dimesio of the fruit (width or legth)" [Icludes P. lucuma] [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? No] "Fruit 6-12 cm log, globose, apex obtuse or rouded, base rouded or trucate, rough-skied ad desel leticellate, glabrous. Seeds oe-several, 1.8-3.5 cm log, subglobose to ellipsoid (whe solitar) or shaped like the segmet of a orage (whe several)," "Tree to 20 m high ad 30 cm diam. with dark greish-brow fissured bark ad milk white exudate." [Ulikel as fruits ad seeds are relativel large] Prit Date: 11/8/2012 Pouteria lucuma (Sapotaceae) Page 6 of 7
802 2008. Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? No] "Seeds are short lived ad should be plated withi a few das after removal from the fruit." 803 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Ukow] No iformatio o herbicide efficac or chemical cotrol of this species 804 1999. Piard, M.A./Putz, F.E,/Licoa, J.C.. Tree mortalit ad vie proliferatio followig a wildfire i a subhumid tropical forest i easter Bolivia. Forest Ecolog ad Maagemet. 116(1-3): 247-252. [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Yes. Survives fire] "I 1994, 1x1,000,000 ha of subhumid forest i easter Bolivia bured i a ucotrolled wildfire; the objective of this stud was to measure tree ad liaa mortalit a ear after this fire." "For the five most abudat species, icidece of mortalit varied amog species mortalit raged from 19% i Pouteria lucuma " 805 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets)? Ukow] Prit Date: 11/8/2012 Pouteria lucuma (Sapotaceae) Page 7 of 7
Summar of Risk Traits High Risk / Udesirable Traits Native to high elevatio tropical climates Tolerates ma soil coditios (ad potetiall able to exploit ma differet habitat tpes) Self-fertile Seeds dispersed b humas ad frugivorous mammals Tolerates ad recovers from fires Low Risk / Desirable Traits No evidece of aturalizatio or ivasiveess reported elsewhere Uarmed (o spies, thors or burrs) No-toxic Edible fruit Log time to reproductive maturit (6+ ears) Large fruit & seeds ulikel to be accidetall dispersed Seeds will ot persist i the soil