The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe and the Americas
Conquest in the Americas 1492 Columbus meets the Taino in the West Indies He claims their land for Spain; takes several back to Spain Conquistadors Guns, horses, disease Columbus Meets the Taino
Cortes Conquers Mexico 1519 Cortes lands on coast of Mexico Marches on Tenochtitlan La Malinche helps him make alliances Moctezuma and Quetzalcoatl; guns, horses, smallpox 1521 Tenochtitlan falls La Noche Triste
Pizarro Takes Peru Pizarro arrives in Peru in 1532 Atahualpa had just won the throne He s captured and held for ransom; Pizarro kills him any way Again, superior weapons and disease doom the Inca Pizarro Executes Atahualpa
Effects of the Conquistadors A few hundred conquer millions; guns, horses, disease Europeans take gold, silver; finance new empire; changes pattern of global encounters; everything connected by sea routes Native Americans? Died; lost faith in their gods; suffered under a new social order Europeans in North America
Spanish Rule in the Americas Mid 1500s Spain s empire stretches California to South America Council of the Indies; Viceroys Missionaries Controls trade Encomiendas Father de la Casas
Colonial Society and Culture Some blending of cultures in building, art, farming methods, religion Layered society Towns and cities Emphasize education; build universities; women go to convents
Portuguese in Brazil Treaty of Tordesillas; Portugal claims Brazil Tupian Indians wiped out by disease 1530s land grants to settlers; plantations, churches, towns No instant wealth; brazilwood, cattle, agriculture
Slaves in a Brazilian Sugar Mill
Building New France Early 1502 France fishing ships off Newfoundland 100 years later occupy half of North America 1534 Cartier follows St. Lawrence; New France/Canada Jesuits follow Cartier s Journey up the St. Lawrence
Furs, Trapping, Fishing France s empire, forts missions, trading posts extends from Quebec to the Great Lakes down the Mississippi to the Gulf Population grows slowly and remains small; colonies aren t very successful Jacques Cartier takes possession of Canada for France, 1534
The Thirteen Colonies 1607 Jamestown, VA 1620 Pilgrims land at Plymouth, MA 1600-1700s 13 colonies; profit; religious freedom; gifts to loyal subjects Timber, fishing, grain, cash crops; plantation economy Jamestown 1650s
Governing the Colonies English monarchs controlled their colonies Royal governors; Parliament; Compared to French and Spanish colonies, British had some selfgovernment; Expected legal and political rights Royal Governor s Mansion NJ
Struggle for Power 1600s Spain, France, England, the Netherlands Late 1600s only England and France 1700s they clash in Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America 1754 French and Indian War 1763 Treaty of Paris
The Atlantic Slave Trade Triangular trade Europe to Africa The Middle Passage to the Americas Industries like shipbuilding, tobacco, sugar did well Port cities grew Merchants got wealthy
The Middle Passage Captured or sold to slavers; usually African middle men Marched to the shore Held in pens or castles Packed into holds for the Middle Passage Those that lived faced auction in the Americas Slave Castle Elmina, Ghana
Impact of the Slave Trade on Africa Wealth to merchants and traders Labor to make colonies profitable African states and societies torn apart Individual lives cut short 11 million Africans taken; 2 million dead The Middle Passage
Effects of Global Contact The Columbian Exchange Global population explosion; migrations Inflation, capitalism, mercantilism Increasing national wealth Towns, middle class do well, nobles and hired help don t
Columbian Exchange Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE Syphilis Trinkets Liquor GUNS Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping Cough