Fruit Genomics Roger P. Hellens Science Leader, Fruit Genomics ABIC, Cork, August 2008 The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand L
Sustainability Faster Breeding Health and Food
In the future..fruit varieties will be developed through the application of genomics.
Currently.. We have built a genomics research capability Platforms Sequencing Cloning Bioinformatics Transformation Arrays Metabolomics Proteomics Capability 19 Scientists 21 Research Associates 12 PhD, MSc and Summer Students
Germplasm. Apple Kiwifruit
Focused Genomics Research Areas INPUT: Production OUTPUT: Consumer
Translational Genomics Describe in model Characterise in crop Develop new cultivar
Apple Flesh Colour: Fruit Development The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Red Field Pacific Rose 40 67 102 130 Days After Full Bloom 146
MdMYB10 promoter sequence
Screen for genetic diversity in our germplasm ATG 1.7 KB Microsatellite (GT)n 1.8 KB Repeats
Exploiting Germplasm
Screen of MYB10 promoter 8 7 6 Luc:Ren ratio 5 4 3 2 1 0
Promoter motif study 1 Repeat (Native) 2 Repeats 3 Repeats Synthesised 4 Repeats 6 Repeats (Native) 1.8 + MYB10 1.6 +MYB10 & bhlh3 1.4 LUC:REN Ratio 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 R1 R1 + bhlh R2 R2 + bhlh R3 R3 + bhlh R4 R4 + bhlh R6 R6 + bhlh
Green and Yellow kiwifruit
Orange kiwifruit GERANYL GERANYL PYRO PH O SPH AT E PHYTOENE ζ- C A R O T E N E LYCOPENE β- C A R O T E N E Z E A X A N T H IN A. macrosperma α -C A R O T E N E L U T E IN
Apple flavour Royal Gala X Granny Smith
Apple Health Phenolic Composition of Heritage Apples Royal Gala Braeburn Royal Gala Devonshire Quarrenden Devonshire Quarrenden Hetlina Monty's Surprise 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 mg/fruit Procyanidin Chlorogenic Acid Flavan-3-ols Flavanols Anthocyanin Phlorizidin Hetlina
Overcoming the effect of insufficient winter chilling Hydrogen Cyanamide
Exploiting our Genomics understanding
A B D 35SMdMYB10 Control Size (mm) 120 120 100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 Width (mm) Length (mm) Weight(g) Weight (g) C
4500.0 cyanidin-hexoside (glucoside) 30000.0 5000.0 epicatechin-phlo 4000.0 chlorogenic acid 4500.0 3500.0 25000.0 3000.0 20000.0 4000.0 3500.0 3000.0 2500.0 2500.0 15000.0 2000.0 2000.0 1500.0 10000.0 1500.0 1000.0 1000.0 5000.0 500.0 500.0 0.0 0.0 leaf leaf 400.0 skin skin flesh flesh 0.0 leaf leaf 4.0 p-coumaric acid like 350.0 3.5 300.0 3.0 250.0 2.5 200.0 2.0 skin skin flesh flesh leaf leaf 90.0 Mannose skin skin flesh flesh ß-carotene 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 150.0 1.5 100.0 1.0 20.0 50.0 0.5 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 leaf leaf skin skin flesh flesh 30.0 leaf leaf skin skin flesh flesh leaf leaf skin skin flesh flesh
à-farnesene Butyl caprylate Hexanoic acid, hexyl ester (CAS) Acetic acid Hexyl-2-methylbutyrate Butanoic acid, hexyl ester (CAS) Hexanoic acid, butyl ester (CAS) 1-Hexanol (CAS) Propanoic acid, hexyl ester 1-Hexen-5-yl acetate Propyl hexanoate Acetic acid, hexyl ester Butyl 2-methylbutanoate Butanoic acid, butyl ester (CAS) 1-Butanol, 2-methyl-, (S)- Acetic acid, pentyl ester (CAS) 1-Butanol (CAS) Propanoic acid, butyl ester 1-Butanol, 2-methyl-, acetate (CAS) 1-Propanol, 2-methyl- (CAS) Acetic acid, butyl ester Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl ester Propanoic acid, propyl ester (CAS) 1-Propanol Benzene, methyl- (CAS) Acetic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester Acetic acid, propyl ester (CAS) Propanoic acid, ethyl ester (CAS) Ethanol (CAS) (Z)-1-(3,4-dimethylpent-2-enyl)piperidine hydrochloride Ethyl Acetate Butanal (CAS) Acetic acid, methyl ester (CAS) Acetone ng/g 14 Royal Gala Control 35S:MdMYB10 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Key 0 35S:MdMYB10 trees Empty vector control trees Tree identifier 0 120 Tree identifier 100 80 20 120 60 40 20 200 0 200 0 180 100 30 80 20 400 100 80 60 40 0 600 Royal Gala' A 35S:MdMYB10 160-1 10-2 -1 ETR (µmol electrons m s ) AS997 AS993 AS992 AS1047 AS1034 A4-2 A4-1 A3-2 A3-3 20 Royal Gala' -2 140 µmol m s AS997 AS993 AS992 AS1047 AS1034 A4-2 A4-1 A3-1 A3-3 A3-1 Average Leaf width (mm) 60 35S:MdMYB10 AS997 AS993 AS992 AS1047 AS1034 200 A4-2 A4-1 A3-2 C A3-3 A3-1 Average leaf length (mm) B A3-1 Average internode length (mm) A D F 50 40 30 600 500 400 300 B * 35S:MdMYB10 'Royal Gala' Control 100 0 60 800 40-2 -1 PAR (µmol photons m s ) E 1.0 90 Tree identifier 70 0.8 50 0.6 0.4 0.2 10 0.0 1000 1200 C
A B D C
Genomics will contribute to: Identify and characterise genes and alleles INPUT - Production OUTPUT - Consumer Selection of traits MAS or GE Forward-looking consequence of novel traits Breeding Insurance Accelerated assessment of fruit Transgenics Cisgenics/intragenics Fast breeding rootstocks International recognition Integrated fruit research Royal Royal Gala + 35S-MYB10 Gala Royal Gala Royal Gala + 35S-MYB10
Delivery
Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Enabling Technologies: Andrew Gleave; Ross Crowhurst; Daryl Rowan; Bhawana Nain; Daisy Wang; Sakuntala Karunairetnam; Luke Luo; Tianchi Wang; Sumathi Kutty-Amma; Julie Nicholls; Marcus Davy; Elena Hilario; Cecilia Deng; Martin Hunt; David Stevenson; Ross Johnson Colour&Health: Andrew Allan; Richard Espley; Mirco Montefiori; Charles Dwamena; Rebecca Henry; Cyril Brendolise; Andrew Dare; Kui Lin-Wang; William Laing; Sean Bulley Plant Development: Erika Varkonyi-Gasic; Kimberley Snowden; Toshi Foster; Georgina Rae; Bart Janssen; Marcela MartinezSanchez; Marion Wood; Revel Drummond; Rongmei Wu; Susan Ledger; Suzanne Kuijt Texture: Robert Schaffer; Ross Atkinson; Rosie Schroeder; Stuart Tustin; Ian Hallett; Paul Sutherland; Seelan Gunaseelan; Jason Johnston; Sarah Johnston; Anne White Mapping: Sue Gardiner; David Chagne; Mark McNeilage; Emily Buck; Lena Fraser; Gianna Tsang Breeding: Vincent Bus, Luis Gea; Ron Beatson; Richard Volz Ross Ferguson, Alan Seal; Canhong Cheng Collaborations: PRI (The Netherlands), Symplot (USA)
www.hortresearch.co.nz rhellens@hortresearch.co.nz