Wines of the Old World MGMT 252 Frank Fenix Theuerkorn Vancouver Island University
Agenda Regions Major Wine areas Sanctioned boundaries Labels & Wines
REGIONS OF EUROPE
History of Old World Wine
Wine Regions
Silver Lining? Downy Mildew Reduce crop yield and weaken resulting wine Science was again brought in and viticulture has never been the same It has often been stated that wines lack the quality they had before
Wine Sorrows First, Oidium Quality of French wines noticeably dropped in 1850s. Pasteur was called in and discovered bacteria spoilage - Oidium Next, Phylloxera Aphids that attack vine roots Native to Northeastern USA First appeared in France 1863 and over the next 2 decades destroyed more than 2/3 of France s vineyards
Technologies in Wine 1800s saw new advancements: Louis Pasteur discovered wine spoilage was caused by microorganisms Yeast was produced Industrial revolution brought machines to vineyard & winery to lower costs
France Birth of the modern wine industry
France Bordeaux Burgundy Rhone Loire Alsace Champagne
Bordeaux Big estates 1855 classification Reds: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc White: Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Sauternes
French Wine Governance Appellation d origine contrôlée (AOC) Created in the 15th century for Roquefort Law for wine 1919 Vin de pays Vin de table
Burgundy Rated by vineyard Highly fragmented Reds: Pinot Noir, Gamay (Beaujolais) Whites: Chardonnay (Pouilly-Fuissé & Chablis), Pinot Gris
Rhone Northern vs Southern Reds: Syrah (Côtes du Rhône) / White: Viognier Reds: Grenache Noir, Syrah, Mourvèdre (Châteauneuf-du- Pape) / Whites: Marsanne and Roussanne
Loire Reds: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc White: Chenin blanc, Sauvignon blanc (Pouilly- Fumé)
Alsace Varietal labeled Red/Rose: Pinot Noir Whites: Rieslings, Gewürztraminer, Pinot Gris
Champagne Coolest region in France Reds: Pinot Noir & Pinot Meunier (Blanc de noirs) White: Chardonnay (Blanc de blanc)
Italian Regions DO Denominazione di Origine [seldom used] DOC Denominazione di Origine Controllata DOCG Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita Instituted in 1963
Italy Piedmont Tuscany Veneto
Piedmont Reds: Nebbiolo (Barolo & Barbaresco) White: Moscato (Asti Spumante)
Tuscany Reds: Sangiovese (Chianti), Bordeaux & Burgundy varieties Whites: Trebbiano, Bordeaux & Burgundy varieties Super Tuscans
Veneto Reds: Corvina (Valpolicella) Whites: Garganega (Soave), Pinot Grigio
Spain Rioja Jerez
Spanish Regulations Denominación de Origen (DO) Rioja (1925) & Sherry (1933) Final System based more on agriculture established in 1996 Reserva means aged min. three years (min. one year in barrels) Gran Reserva (two in cask, three in bottle)
Spanish Wines Rioja Reds: Tempranillo, Grenache White: Viura Jarez White: Palomino (Sherry)
Portugal Vinhos Verdes Porto/Douro Madeira
Portuguese Control Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC) Body also maintains quality Permitted grape varieties regulating maximum yields at harvest establishing minimum alcohol content Periods of bottle or oak aging Reserva similar to Spain, but also must have at least.5% higher alcohol
Germany Rheingau Mosel-Saar-Ruwer Rheinhessen & Rheinpfalz
German Quality Regulation Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete (QbA) Regional Qualitätswein mit Prädikat (QmP) Ripeness/Sugar
QmP Kabinett - These grapes are considered ripe. Spatlese Late harvest. Auslese Very late harvest hand-selected grapes. Beerenauslese - Over-ripe and have botrytis fungus. Eiswein - Beerenauslese grapes that have been frozen. Trockenbeerenauslese Beerenauselse that have been left on the vine so long that they have shriveled due to botrytis.
German Wines Rheingau & Mosel-Saar-Ruwer White: Reisling Rheinhessen & Rheinpfalz Red: Dornfelder, Pinot Noir White: Müller-Thurgau, Kerner
England & Sparkling Good farm land outside of London Global warming Could become the next Champagne