Wine Preparation. Nate Starbard Gusmer Enterprises Davison Winery Supplies August, PDF Free Download

Wine Preparation Nate Starbard Gusmer Enterprises Davison Winery Supplies August, 2017

Contents Intro Clarification methods Sheets, Lenticulars, Crossflow Final influences of filterability Filterability testing

Wine Preparation Wine preparation is key to the final stages of winemaking Ensure wine has a good filterability Reduce micro loads for pre-bottling storage before final filters Membrane Filter Without Good Clarification Membrane Filter With Clarification

Racking Racking alone is not a suitable means of primary clarification Even well racked wines will have poor filterability and will prematurely block final membranes if there is no primary clarification Racking does not significantly reduce micro loads Racking is variable from operator to operator

Clarification After all blending, treatments, stabilization, aging, etc. are completed, the wine should undergo a final/primary clarification before bottling DE, lenticular stacks, sheets, or crossflow are all acceptable Personally, I do not believe cartridges work sufficiently

DE Filters Sheets Lenticulars Crossflow Cartridges

Filter Sheets and Lenticulars

Filter Sheets and Lenticulars Cabernet Sauvignon passed through 0.3 micron sheet at different flow rates 24 gph per 40 cm sheet 0.72 NTU, FI = 21 10.5 gph per 40 cm sheet 0.54 NTU, FI 13.3 FI = Membrane Filterability Index 0-12 = Easy to Filter 12-25 = Acceptable 25+ = Difficult to Filter

Crossflow Filtration

- Dead-end filtration Crossflow Filtration Wine to be filtered(dissolved components, in suspension, microorganisms...) Filtered wine(dissolved components) - Cross flow filtration RETENTATE: Wine to be filtered(dissolved components, in suspension) PERMEATE : Filtered wine(dissolved components)

Crossflow Filtration

Crossflow Filtration Why a.2 micron membrane? 0.2 µm 0.2 µm Permeate : Filtrate

Crossflow Filtration Polyphenols P Deformation of the polyphenols through the pores Re-stabilization in time

General Cross Flow Advantages Significantly lower product losses Absorbance in sheets, lenticulars, DE 1.25 lbs wine per 1lb DE Sheet leakage With nicer equipment, very little operator training, attention required No DE Better ending filterability Typically 30% lower cartridge spend Product Quality Lower O2, no metals

Bucher Cross Flow Advantages Low pressure protects wine Frequent, short back flush maintains flow rates Most popular cross-flow filter for high end wineries, top selling globally Fully automated and everything is factory integrated - very easy to use Juice lees filtering offers significant savings

Cons to Crossflow Initial Expense Bentonite and fining agents can permanently plug - need to rack off bentonite lees, especially Single pore size option Correct sizing of lots and equipment

Clarification Summary

Tanks should never be mixed after their primary clarification Mixing causes interactions that can greatly decrease filterability This includes same vintages or topping off Mixing Any tank that is topped off or mixed should be re-clarified before bottling filtration

Tanks should be stored for a maximum of 7 days after clarification before bottling The longer a wine is stored, the lower the filterability Tanks should be stored cool to prevent microbial growth Tank temperature should be consistent to avoid filterability changes Additives at this stage can destroy filterability Storage

Influence of Temperature Temperature changes cause decreases in filterability (even with stable wines) Increased temperature at bottling increases filterability (viscosity) Decreased temperature during storage increases micro stability Temperature should be optimized throughout the process

Polysaccharides Pre-filtered clean wine can still result in poor filterability Turbidity (NTU) is not a good indicator of filterability In many cases, a wine that prematurely plugs the membrane contains polysaccharides Pectin Beta Glucan A simple laboratory test using acidulated ethanol can check for polysaccharides If polysaccharides are present, the best way to improve filterability is by using an enzyme

Filterability Testing Filterability testing gives a rough quantifier for the wine s ability to be easily filtered Many versions of tests are used in industry Most use a small membrane disc to measure filter blockage over time (Swinnex) Some are called Boulton tests

Uses for Filterability Results Identify hard to filter wines Add additional prefiltration or clarification stage (mobile or temporary cartridges) Re-clarify tank Help gauge process improvements Enzymes Adding crossflow Implementing storage, temp rules Don t just test for the sake of testing!!

Filterability Testing Gusmer Test Procedure: Add 500 ml wine sample to pressure vessel equipped with 25 mm filter holder. Place 0.45 micron membrane in holder. Pressurize system to 2 bar. Record time (in minutes) to pass first 200 mls. Record time (in minutes) to pass first 400 mls. Calculate Clogging Index: CI = (T400ml 2 T200ml)(100) Clogging Index Results: 0 12 Wine easy to filter. No load on prefilter 12 25 Acceptable filterability. Possibly higher pre-filtration required or short prefilter life indicated 25 or > Heavy loaded wine. Definitely more pre-filtration required

Filterability Testing Filterability testing provides one data point for one time period One sample from one area of the tank Keep in mind that most sampling is done part way up the tank The most plugging areas of a tank are the top layer (where O2 is present) and the bottom layer (where materials have settled out) These two plugging areas combine at the end of a filtration run when the filters are already nearing capacity

Filterability Testing Larger diameter membranes give a more accurate test More sample volume gives a more accurate picture Need enough volume to cause some plugging of the membrane Smaller membranes (13mm) can be susceptible to air bubbles or particles causing a false result Small changes in filterability test procedures can have a big impact Filter size must be consistent Time must be carefully monitored Vacuum or air supply must be consistent Membranes are best choice for determining filterability since lot to lot performance is most consistent

Thank you, Questions?

Wine Preparation. Nate Starbard Gusmer Enterprises Davison Winery Supplies August, 2017