CHAPTER ONE From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert *AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
I. Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers II. Human Life before Agriculture III. The Neolithic Revolution 8000 to 3500 B.C.E.
Introduction: definitions of civilization Elements: urban, monumental building, writing, specialized occupations Connotation v. denotation I. Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers. Homo sapiensby 10,000 B.C.E. larger brain tools, weapons Developments by 12,000 B.C.E.: Hunting-gathering Art The Spread of Human Populations, c. 10,000 B.C.E. Spread to Europe, Asia, Australia, the Americas
II. Human Life before Agriculture A. Paleolithic Culture Old Stone Age to 14,000 Y.A. Homo sapiens sapiens c. 240,000, Y.A. B. Late Paleolithic Developments Variety Bands of hunter-gatherers Agricultural settlements Gender division of labor Men: hunting, fishing, defense Women: gathering, making medicine Spread from Africa c. 750,000 Y.A.
III. The Neolithic Revolution 8000 to 3500 B.C.E. Sedentary agriculture Animals domesticated Development of towns Causes? Climatic shifts Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations The Domestication of Plants and Animals Plants slow development Animals from 12,000 B.C.E.: dogs, sheep, goats, pigs The Spread of Agriculture
III. The Neolithic Revolution 8000 to 3500 B.C.E. The Spread of the Neolithic Revolution. Hunting-and-gathering persists Pastoralism Sub-Saharan Africa root and tree crops Northern China millet Rice Southeast Asia, to China, India, islands The Spread of Agriculture Mesoamerica, Peru Maize, manioc, sweet potatoes Bronze Age
IV. Civilization Settlements, villages slash and burn agriculture irrigation Çatal Hüyük c. 7000 B.C.E., southern Turkey Large complex Agriculture, commerce Shrines Occupations by 3000 B.C.E., civilization Aspects of civilizations? cities writing political organization Writing cuneiform Nomads
IV. Civilization A. Tigris-Euphrates Civilization Mesopotamia Sumerians from 3500 B.C.E. alphabet Ziggurats religion priesthood City-states Akkadians Babylonians Hammurabi code Indo-Europeans from 2100 B.C.E.
IV. Civilization B. Egyptian Civilization Pharaoh pyramids from 2700 B.C.E. Kush C. Indian and Chinese River Valley Civilizations Indus River Harappa, Mohenjo Daro Indo-Europeans Huanghe (Yellow) River P'an Ku ideographs Shang dynasty from 1500 B.C.E. Egypt, Kush and Axum
V. The Heritage of the River Valley Civilizations Decline by 1000 B.C.E. Invasions Legacy? China great continuity Zhou from 1000 B.C.E. Mesopotamia more rupture view of nature persists Phoenicians alphabet from 1300 B.C.E. enduring culture Jewish monotheism
VI. The First Civilizations Division among peoples Contacts increase with time