Whitefly Management Part 2 Cindy McKenzie & Cristi Palmer
Components of a Good Management Program Exclusion Sanitation Scouting Beneficial Organisms Products Chemical Biological
Biological and Chemical Tools
Q was known to be tolerant to most chemical classes in 2004 *** Products from several key classes where tolerance has been observed. Listing of a product does not imply tolerance exists in all Q populations nor that Q has not developed tolerance to other products.
44 Products Tested from 2005 through 2009 Acelepryn (DPX- E2Y45) Agri-50 Aria 50 SG Avid 0.15EC BotaniGard 22WP BotaniGard ES BugOil Celero 16WSG Discus Distance 0.86EC DPX-HGW85 Dursban Eco E-rase EcoTrol EC Endeavor Enstar II Flagship 25WG Judo 4F Kontos Marathon II Met 52 MilStop M-Pede Naturalis B NoFly Organocide Ornazin 3%EC Orthene TTO Pedestal QRD400 Revoke Safari 20SG Safari 25WG Sanmite Scimitar Sorbitol Octanoate Sucrocide Synergy (Suffoil X) Talus Tame TickEx EC TriCon (BW420) TriStar 30SG TriStar 70WSP
Contributing Researchers Mr. Jim Bethke Mr. Dan Gilrein Dr. Scott Ludwig Dr. Cindy McKenzie * Dr. Ron Oetting Dr. Michael Parrella Photo by Cristi Palmer, IR-4
Q Biotype Whitefly on Poinsettia Freedom Bright Red, Bethke, 2005
Q Biotype Whitefly on Salvia, Open Greenhouse, Oetting, 2008 Percent Control (Hendersons) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 PreCount 1 WAT 2 WAT 3 WAT 4 WAT 5 WAT 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Immature Whitefly Population Judo (4 oz) Judo (8 oz) Judo (12 oz) Kontos (1.7 oz) Marathon II (2 oz) Safari (6 oz) Safari (8 oz) Untreated
Average Percent Control for Q from 2005 to 2009 Average Percent Control Product (active ingredient) Immatures during 3-5 WAIT Foliar Drench % Min-Max # % Min-Max # Acelepryn 51% 36-72 1 45% 0-76 3 Avid 0.15EC (abamectin) 88% 69-99 4 - BotaniGard (Beauveria bassiana) 68% 0-100 7 - BugOil 76% 8-100 3 - Celero 16WG (clothianidin) 79% 60-95 2 80% 68-87 3 Distance 0.86EC (pyriproxifen) 50% 25-77 3 - Flagship 25WG (thiamethoxam) 64% 0-95 7 15% 0-85 3 Judo (spiromesifen) 84% 0-100 18 - Kontos (spirotetramat) 76% 0-100 11 82% 0-95 2 Marathon II 2F (imidacloprid) 30% 0-85 9 62% 0-95 6 M-Pede (K salts of fatty acids) 80% 64-97 2 - Naturalis(Beauveria bassiana) 83% 60-97 2 - NoFly (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus S97) 43% 0-84 3 - Safari 20SG (dinotefuran) 83% 0-100 17 89% 0-100 13 Sanmite (pyridaben) 81% 38-98 5 - TriStar (acetamiprid) 86% 0-100 13 -
Beneficial Organisms
Beneficial Organisms for Q Predators Amblyseius swirskii * Delphastus sp. * Neoseiulus californicus Orius insidiosus Parasites Eretmocerus californicus Eretmocerus eremicus * Eretmocerus mundus * Commercially available
Beneficial Organisms & Chemical Tools Amblyseius swirskii Impact on Adult (Immature) Neoseiulus californicus Delphastus sp. Encarsia formosa Eretmocerus sp. Orius insidiosus/sp. Product (active ingredient) Acelepryn (chlorantraniliprole) 1 Avid 0.15EC (abamectin) 4 4 3 (1) 4 (1) 3 (3) Azatin (azadirachtin) 2 1 2 (1) 1 (1) 1 (2) BotaniGard (Beauveria bassiana) 2 1 2(2) 1(1) 2(--) Celero 16WG (clothianidin) Distance 0.86EC (pyriproxifen) 2 1 1 (3) -- (3) 1 Flagship 25WG (thiamethoxam) 1 2 4 Judo 4F (spiromesifen) 3 3 -- (3) 1 Kontos (spirotetramat) Marathon II 2F (imidacloprid) 3 4 4 (3) 4(4) 4 (4) M-Pede (K salts of fatty acids) 3 4 4 4 NoFly (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus S97) 1 1 1 (1) 1(--) 1 (--) Safari 20SG (dinotefuran) Sanmite (pyridaben) 4 4 4 (3) 4(4) 3(4) TriStar (acetamiprid) 3 4 (3) 3 (3) -- (4) Table compiled from information posted on Biobest & Koppert websites and studies sent by manufacturers 1 = Harmless 2 = 25 50% reduction 3 = 50 75% reduction 4 = Harmful
Whitefly Management Program
Step 1: Scouting Scout Scout Scout Okay I found a whitefly, now what?
Step 2: Identify the Whitefly Is it Bemisa tabaci? If yes, is it B or Q? Is this an infestation you normally have at this time of year? Have you received shipments from propagators with Q previously? Send it to be identified!!!
Step 3: Management What stage is your crop? When will you be harvesting / selling it? Use the Whitefly Management Program to determine potential treatments weigh time to harvest and infestation level with the potential to use beneficial organisms
Research on Rotational Programs (Dr. Ron Oetting, 2009) Q and B biotype Bemisia tabaci Poinsettia Classical Red Seven different rotations Counted adults and immatures on 2 full leaves Sent adults to Dr. Cindy McKenzie for typing (B and Q) Q samples were haplotype characterized as Q1
Results & Summary All tested rotational programs managed total populations, but none dropped the population completely to zero Using less active materials for resistance management can still result in an effective overall program Q is less sensitive to certain products than B
Whitefly Management Plan
Whitefly Recommendations Inspect plants frequently When arrive in your facility During routine scouting Manage populations early rather than waiting until they explode If current program provides little control: -- Send your whiteflies to be typed -- Rotate to different modes of action -- Get specific recommendations from your favorite extension entomologist http://mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/lso/bemisia/bemisia.htm
Acknowledgements Cindy McKenzie Jim Bethke Scott Ludwig Ron Oetting Lance Osborne
Photo by Margery Daughtrey, LIHRC Thank you!