Effect of Different Levels of Grape Pomace on Blood Serum Biochemical Parameters Broiler Chicks at 29 and 49 days of age Safdar Dorri * (1), Sayed Ali Tabeidian (2), majid Toghyani (2), Rahman Jahanian (3), Fatemeh Behnamnejad (1) (1) M.Sc Student, Department of Animal Science, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran (2) Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran (3) Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology * Corresponding E- mail address: safdardorri@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The present trial was conducted to investigate the effect of grape pomace on blood biochemical parameters in broiler chicks. A total of 450 day-old mixed sex broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to 6 dietary treatments with 5 replicates of 15 birds in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments consisted of a control diet and diets contain in 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15% grape pomace which fed during a 39 d trial period. At 25 and 42 days of age, sera samples were analyzed to quantify triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and high- (HDL) and low- (LDL) density lipoproteins concentrations. At day 29 of age, the highest concentrations of total triacylglycerol were allotted to control-supplemented birds and least values for 15% grape pomace birds (P<0.01). Also, there was significant (P<0.05) difference between experimental groups in the light of sera concentrations of LDL in blood samples, so that grape pomace led to decrease in LDL concentration and controldiet increased LDL contents of serum samples. while At day 49 of age, there was significant (P<0.05) difference between experimental groups in the light of sera concentrations of HDL in blood samples, so that grape pomace led to increase in HDL concentration and control-diet reduced HDL contents of serum samples. From the present results, it seems that dietary utilization of grape pomace could improve lipid and lipoprotein profiles of blood. Key words: broilers chicks, grape pomace and blood biochemical parameters. 1. INTRODUCTION Grape (Vitis vinifera) is one of the largest fruit crops in the world, with an approximate annual production of 61 million metric tons. The main by-products are collected during destemming (stems), grape crushing, and pressing (skins, seeds, and lees). Grape pomace consists mainly of peels, stems, and seeds and accounts for about 20% of the weight of the grape processed into wine. Recent investigations have stressed the importance of by-products from wine processing as plant materials particularly rich in a wide range of polyphenols Grape skins and
seeds are rich sources of flavonoids including monomeric phenolic compounds, such as (+)- catechins, ( )-epicatechin, and ( )-epicatechin-3-o-gallate and dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric procyanidins. Studies have shown flavonoids have the capacity to act as powerful antioxidants by scavenging free radicals and terminating oxidative reactions (Brenes et al, 2008). The composition of grape pomace major constituents, Peels and seeds, has been reported by several authors, with high polyphenolic as well as dietary fibre (DF) contents. The seed oil has high unsaturated fatty acid levels, over 80%, linoleic acid being predominant (Llobera & Canellas, 2007). Goni et al (2007) at his reports showed that, increasing concentration of GP in the chicken diets did not impair growth performance (BW, feed consumption, and feed efficiency) compared with those birds fed the unsupplemented and supplemented vitamin E diets. The objective of current experiment was to investigate the effects grape pomace as corn and soybean alternatives on blood lipoprotein of broiler chickens. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS All experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Research Ethics Committee of the Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan branch, Isfahan, Iran. Grape Pomace Grape pomace was obtained from Koohrang juicer factory, shahrekord, Iran, in fall 2010. The grape pomace was provided after milling added to dietary treatments. Bird Management and Diets This study was carried out in experimental farm of Islamic Azad University Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran. The day-old mixed sex broiler chicks (Ross 308) were purchased from a commercial hatchery. The chicks were housed in floor pens (1.2 1.2 m) containing pine shavings throughout the trial. A total of 450 chicks were randomly allocated to 30 pens of 15 birds in a completely randomized design and fed experimental diet from 10 to 49 day of age. The chicks were assigned to pens so that initial BW and weight distributions were similar among different dietary treatments. Five replicate pens were assigned to each of the 6 experimental diets. The commercial basal diets were formulated to meet the nutritional requirement Ross 308 of broiler chicks in different phases of growth. Dietary treatments consisted of a control diet and diets contain in 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15% grape pomace, which fed during a 39 day trial period. Feed and water were provided for ad libitum consumption and chicks had access to 24 h lighting schedule during the experiment. Temperature was 32 C during the first week of age and was reduced by 2 C/week until the birds were 5 weeks old.
Recording and Chemical Analysis At 29 and 49 days of age, two birds from each replicate (close to mean body weight of that pen) were selected randomly for blood parameter measurements. The sera samples were analyzed for triglycerides, cholesterol, and high- (HDL) and low- (LDL) density lipoproteins according to standard procedures of AOAC (1995). Statistical Analysis Data were subjected to analysis of variance in a completely randomized design using the General Linear Models (GLM) procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, 2004), and when treatment means were significant (P<0.05), Duncan's multiple range test (Duncan, 1955) was used. Single degree of freedom contrasts were made among treatment means to compare control versus grape pomace-fed groups. 3. RESULTS AND DISSCUSION The effects of treatments on blood lipoprotein of broiler chickens at days 29 and 49 of age are shown in Tables 1&2. Table 1: Effect of different levels of grape pomace in comparison with control on blood lipoprotein broiler chicks at 29 day of age (mg dl -1 ) treatment Triacylglyc Total erol cholesterol HDL LDL 51.23 a 133.69 29.47 75.37 a Grape Pomace 3% 46.54 ab 119.53 37.54 78.01 a Grape Pomace 6% 48.16 ab 115.20 37.16 60.01 b Grape Pomace 9% 38.87 cb 112.16 37.12 68.67 ab Grape Pomace 12% 34.72 c 114.24 37.64 60.27 b Grape Pomace 15% Independent comparison 30.07 c 110.72 34.12 60.53 b 51.23 a 133.69 a 29.47 b 75.37 Grape Pomace 39.67 b 114.37 b 36.12 a 65.50 P-value Treatment 1 0.0014 0.0784 0.1900 0.0183 of the Grape Pomace 0.0222 0.0026 0.0174 0.0851 SEM 1.25 1.58 1.05 1.40 1 P-value was calculated for studied treatments on broiler birds. a c within each column Means with no common superscript are significantly (P < 0.05) different.
Table 2: Effect of different levels of grape pomace in comparison with control on blood lipoprotein broiler chicks at 49 day of age (mg dl -1 ) treatment Triacylglyc Total erol cholesterol HDL LDL 51.04 139.13 33.14 b 78.55 Grape Pomace 3% 44.37 131.24 39.77 a 69.95 Grape Pomace 6% 45.32 131.08 39.86 a 74.39 Grape Pomace 9% 46.32 128.12 36.66 ab 67.82 Grape Pomace 12% 41.39 126.28 38.34 a 69.93 Grape Pomace 15% Independent comparison 35.79 120.12 37.89 a 62.91 51.04 a 139.13 a 33.14 b 78.55 Grape Pomace 42.64 b 127.37 b 38.51 a 69.00 P-value Treatment 1 0.0529 0.2301 0.0135 0.2747 of the Grape Pomace 0.0302 0.0436 0.0009 0.0664 SEM 1.19 1.52 0.76 1.44 1 P-value was calculated for studied treatments on broiler birds. a c within each column Means with no common superscript are significantly (P < 0.05) different. Results of this study indicated that at day 29 of age, the highest concentrations of triacylglycerol were allotted to control-supplemented birds and least values for 15% grape pomace birds (P<0.01). Also, there was significant (P<0.05) difference between experimental groups in the light of sera concentrations of LDL in blood samples, so that 6, 9, 12 and 15 levels of grape pomace led to decrease in LDL concentration and control-diet and 3% level of grape pomace increased LDL contents of serum samples (P<0.05). While at age 49 days grape pomace led to increase HDL concentration and control-diet decrease HDL contents of serum samples (P<0.05). These results are in line with those of some researchers (Emmons et al, 1999) These effects can be due to the combination of grape seed oil available and on the other hand, due to decreased crude fat is absorbed. 4. CONCLUSIONS From the present results, it seems that dietary utilization of grape pomace could improve lipid and lipoprotein profiles of blood.
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