TURKEY COUNTRY REPORT Necla TAŞ Aegean Agriculture Research Research Institute CWR CONSERVATION STRATEGIES NORDIC/ECPGR JOINT WORKSHOP 19-21 (22) SEPTEMBER 2016, VILNIUS, LITHUANIA
General overview of the country Turkey has seven large geographical regions by taking into consideration the factors such as climate, topography and natural plant cover: Mediterranean Region, Aegean Region, Marmara Region, Black Sea Region, Central Anatolia Region, Eastern Anatolia Region Southeastern Anatolia Region.
General overview of the country Different types of ecosystems such as coastal and marine, agricultural, mountain, forests, steppes and wetlands Fig. 1. Map of Turkey s original vegetation cover (Based on Altan, 1993).
RICH PLANT DIVERSITY IN FLORA OF TURKEY Turkey displays the character of a small continent in terms of biological diversity. Reasons for this situation Different types of bioclimate Three Biogeographical Zones Euro-Siberian, Mediterranean Irano-Turanian The existence of the Anatolian Diagonal
STATUS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL CWR CONSERVATION STRATEGIES Table 1. Number of Plant Taxa in Turkey (Güner et al., 2012). % of Native Endemic Alien Cultivated Total taxa Lycopodiaceae 13 1 8.00 0 0 13 Pteridophytes 73 2 2.74 0 0 73 Gymnosperms 37 6 16.00 4 1 42 Angiosperms 11343 3640 32.09 167 69 11579 Total 11466 3649 31.82 171 70 11707 Fritillaria michailovskyi Echinacea purpurea
RICH PLANT DIVERSITY IN FLORA OF TURKEY Two of the Vavilov s Center of origin extending into Turkey Near East Mediterranean Domestication center 1. Mexico-Guatemala 2. Peru-Ecuador-Bolivia 2A. Southern Chile 2B. Southern Brazil 3. Mediterranean 4. Middle East 5. Ethiopia 6. Central Asia 7. Indo-Burma 7A. Siam-Malaya-Java 8. China.
Figure 2: Distribution of occurrence data in the global dataset of crop wild relatives (CWRDGC, 2015).
Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources: ex-situ conservation Today, total accessions are about 104.934 at National Seed Gene Bank and Turkey Seed Gene Bank The vegetatively propagated material, mainly fruit genetic resources are kept in field gene banks at 17 institutes (including AARI).
39 National Parks 31Nature Conservation Areas 22 Nature Parks 104 Natural Monuments 80 Wildlife Development Areas 14 Special Environmental Protection Areas 1000 Natural Sites Gene Conservation and Management Areas (Bolkar, Ceylanpınar) 12 wetlands In-situ Protection Facilities
PRIORITIZATION OF CROP WILD RELATIVES IN TURKEY Checklist of the CWR taxa of Turkey prepared by the PGR Forum CWR Catalogue for Europe and the Mediterranean (Kell et al., 2005, 2008). The check list of Turkey 9047 subspecies 7236 species
THE METHODOLOGY FOR THE PRIORITIZATION Native status The socioeconomic value of the related crop species The relative level of threat to the CWR The potential ease of use or known value of the wild species
PRIORITIZATION OF THE TURKISH CWR CHECKLIST Step 1: to select important crops based on economic importance for the country and their contribution to food security worldwide. FAOSTAT; TURKSAT data in five years harvested area, production quantity, yield and value of the production
PRIORITIZATION OF THE TURKISH CWR CHECKLIST Priority 1: 575 species (40 crops/32 genera) based on economic importance for Turkey. Number of species 180 174 160 140 120 100 88 80 60 55 60 40 20 0 5 2 9 7 14 10 4 6 2 2 2 1 4 16 1 10 4 5 15 9 4 1 15 3 11 1 1 7 27
Agropyron Asparagus Barbarea Camelina Crambe Diplotaxis Elymus Eruca Ipomoea Isatis Lathyrus Lepidium Raphanus Rorippa Sinapis PRIORITIZATION OF THE TURKISH CWR CHECKLIST additional human food and forage from Annex 1 of ITPGRFA 226 species/33 genera Number of human food species Number of forage species 70 60 50 66 30 25 24 40 20 30 20 10 0 3 10 5 4 5 5 4 2 1 21 11 5 7 7 15 10 5 0 8 1 2 4 5 2 2 3 4 6 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
PRIORITIZATION OF THE TURKISH CWR CHECKLIST Priority List 2 : 801 species/ 36 crop gene pools/groups based on ecomic value
PRIORITIZATION OF THE TURKISH CWR CHECKLIST Step 2: the potential use value or participation in the breeding process http://www.cwrdiversity.org/checklist/advanced-search-details.php According to results of project, 336 global priority CWR taxa /59 genera native to Turkey
PRIORITIZATION OF THE TURKISH CWR CHECKLIST According to results of list of global priority CWR 129 taxa/ 41 genera 7 33 3 1 8 3 8 5 Number of species 4 4 3 33 4 3 4 2 2 11 1 7 3 1 1 1 1 10 5 33 1 22 1111 1 8
PRIORITIZATION OF THE TURKISH CWR CHECKLIST Method Prioritization Critia Number of Species Step 1 Genera Crop Gene Pool /Group Economic value of the related crop 575 32 31 Step 2 Step 3 Annex I of the ITPGRFA 801 64 36 Utilization potential of the CWR 930 80 43
Threat Status of Priority Turkish CWR Red Data Book of Turkish Plants published in 2000 (1994 IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria) PL 2 with 801 taxa were assessed http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/europe
Threat Status of Priority Turkish CWR Extinct (EX) Critically Endangered (CR) Endangered (EN) Vulnerable (VU) 146 Native and nonnative to Turkey species in Red Data Book of Turkish Plants were also included to PL 2. This process was concluded with a list of 1057 species
IUCN Red List Categories Number species Turkey (no. endemic species) Number of Species Europe (no. Endemic species) Number of Species Global (no. Endemic species) Extinct (EX) 4 (3) 0 0 Extinct in the Wild 0 0 0 (EW) Regionaly Extinct (RE) - 1 (0) 0 Threatened Categories Lower Risk (LR) Critically Endangered (CR) 27 (27) 1 (0) 0 Endangered (EN) 116 (107) 2 (0) 0 Vulnerable (VU) 226 (110) 2 (0) 0 Near Threatened (NT) - 6 (0) 0 Least Concern (LC) - 198 (0) 14 (0) Conservation dependent (cd) 12 (12) - - Near Threatened (nt) 15 (15) - - Least Concern (lc) 30 (30) - - Data Deficient (DD) 19 (5) 41 (1) 0 Not Evaluated (NE) - Total Number of species assessed 449 (309) 251 (1) 14
Threat Status of Priority Turkish CWR nt 3.3% DD 4.2% Ex 0.9% RE 0.4% CR EN 0.4% 0.8% VU 0.8% NT 2.4% cd 2.7% lc 6.7% CR 6.0% DD 16.3% VU 50.3% EN 25.8% LC 78.9% Red List status of Turkish CWR in national and European level
Threat Status of Priority Turkish CWR National EX/RE Astragalus pseudocylindraceus Barbarea auriculata var. auriculata Onobrychis nitida Triticum parvicoccum European Allium jubatum (RE) Threatened (CR,EN,VU) Number of Species / (%) 369/82.2 5/2.0 only 14 of CWR species assessed are as LC at global level
Sugar beet; 21,4 Stone fruits ; 17,6 Threatened status of CWR species by crop gene pool/group (%) Rye; 60,0 Pear; 38,1 Vetch; 13,0 Other forage; 75,0 alliaceous vegetables; 24,9 Wheat; 26,9 Lentil; 33,3 Apple; 50,0 Legume forage; 59,7 Asparagus; 27,3 Grass forage; 45,9 Brassica complex; 34,7 Carrot; 6,7 Chickpea; 20,0 Eggplant, potatoes,; 14,3 Grass Pea; 26,1
Grass and legume forage, other forage and grass pea gene pools are particulary threatened due to grazing pressure (such as overgrazing, early -season grazing or late -season grazing periods) and erosion (Karagoz 2006, Sekercioglu et al., 2011) Rye (60.0%), apple 2 (50.0%), pear 8 (38.1%), lentil 2 (33.3%), brassica complex 35 (34.7%), asparagus 3 (27.35), alliaceous vegetables 46 (24.9%), wheat 14 (26.9%) and sugar beet 3 (21.4%) which they are highly economically important crop in Turkey has particular concern.
Conservation Assessment of Prioritized CWR Ecogeographic level methodology proposed by Maxted et al. (2013) will be applied to Turkish CWR for developing CWR conservation strategies.
necla.tas@tarim.gov.tr http://arastirma.tarim.gov.tr/etae 27