;+ljwfg;ef. ;+ljwfg clen]v cwoog tyf lgsof}{n ;ldlt

;+ljwfg;ef ;+ljwfg clen]v cwoog tyf lgsof}{n ;ldlt cnk;+vos tyf ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/ ;+/If0f;ldltsf] k ltj]bgdf plnnlvt ljifodwo] ;xdltsf ljifox?sf] lgsof}{n ;DaGwL k ltj]bg, @)&! ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnl, @)&) sf] lgod ^^ adf]lhd ul7t o; ;+j}wflgs clen]v cwoog tyf lgsof}{n ;ldltnfo{ ;f]xl lgodfjnlsf] pklgod -%_ / pklgod -^_ sf] Joj:yf cg';f/ ;+ljwfg;efdf /x]sf] clen]v tyf ttsflng ;+ljwfg;efn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] nflu tof/ u/]sf b:tfj]h cwoog u/l ;xdlt jf c;xdltsf ljifo lgsof}{n u/l ljifout cfwf/df k"0f{ jf cf+zls k ltj]bg tof/ kf/l ;efdf k]z ug]{ sfo{if]q / lhdd]jf/l /x]sf]df pqm k of]hgsf] nflu ;DalGwt ;ldltsf] k ltj]bg, pqm k ltj]bg dfly ;+ljwfg ;efdf epsf] 5nkmn / p7]sf ljifosf] cfwf/df cjwf/0ff kq tyf k f/ldes d:of}bf ;DaGwL k ltj]bg cwoog ;ldltn] tof/ kf/]sf] k ltj]bg,@)^&, ttsfnlg ;+ljwfg;efdf k ltlglwtj ug]{ @& bnsf g]tfsf] ;+o'qm j}7saf6 epsf] ;xdlt / plnnlvt ;j} k of;nfo{ cfwf/ dfgl ttsfnlg ;+j}wflgs ;ldltnfo{ lbpsf] ;'emfj / lgb]{zg nufotsf b:tfj]h / clen]vsf] cwoog u/l ttsfnlg ldlt @)^&.!).!@ sf] j}7saf6 epsf] lgsof}{n Pj+ lgb]{zgnfo{ cfwf/ agfo{ ;xdlt / c;xdltsf] ljifox?sf] lgsof}{n ul/psf] lyof]. cwoog ubf{ o; k ltj]bgdf c;xdltsf ljifo gb]lvpsf]n] lgofdfnl, @)&) sf] lgod ^^ sf] pklgod -%_ sf] Joj:yf cg';f/ ;ldltsf] ljifosf] k ltj]bg ldlt @)&!.@.@ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;+ljwfg;ef ;dif k :t't ul/psf] 5. l;= g= ljifoj:t' ;xdlt epsf ljifo ;ldltsf] lgsof}{n!=!=kf :tfjgf æcnk;+vos, ;LdfGts[ttyf k5fl8 kfl/psf] @ @=/fi6«sf] kl/efiff jf alxis/0fdf kfl/psf ;d'bfosf] xs, clwsf/sf] k"0f{ k Tofe"lt ;lxt /fho Joj:yfsf x/]s tx / lgsfodf ;a} ju{, hflt, cflbjf;l, hghflt, blnt, t/fo{jf;l, dw]zl, d'l:nd, ckfë, wd{, efiff, j0f{, lnë, ju{ / If]qsf JolQmx?sf] k"0f{ ;dfg'kflts k ltlglwtj ;'lglzrt ug]{] Gofok"0f{ ;dfj]zl /fho lgdf{0faf6 dfq nf]stgq, sfg"gl /fho, bl3{sflng zflgt, l:y/tf / ljsf; ;Dej x'g5 egg] s'/fnfo{ :jlsf/ ub}{====æ g]kfn Ps ax'hftlo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';f+:s[lts ;dfgtf, :jtgqtf / Gofodf cfwfl/t================== hftlo lje]b / 5'jf5'td'Qm eflifs / wfld{s e]befj/lxt============;+l3o, nf]stflgqs 1 of] ;ldltsf] sfo{if]qdf gk/]sf] ep klg of] ljifo o; cnk;+vos ;ldltsf] sfo{if]qdf gk/]sf] ep klg s}lkmot

u0ftgqftds, wd{lg/k]if, k"0f{ ;dfg'kfltstf ;lxt ;dfj]zl /fho xf]. # #=/fi6«efiff -!_ b]jgfu/l lnlkdf g]kfnl efiff g]kfn /fi6«sf] ;/sf/l sfdsfh / k flgto /fho jlrsf] ;Dks{ efiff x'g]5. -@_ g]kfnsf ljlegg efudf dft[efiffsf?kdf af]lng] ;a} efiffx? /fi6«efiff x'g]5g\ / /fhon] ;a} dft[efiffnfo{;dfg Jojxf/ ug]{5. -#_ k fgtlo jf /fho sfo{sfl/0fln] cfˆgf] k fgt jf /fholeq ax';+vos hgtfn] af]ng] Ps jf PseGbf a9l efiffnfo{ ;xdltsf cfwf/df k flgto jf /fho sfdsfhsf] efiffsf]?kdf rog ug]{5. -$_ c+u ]hl efiff cgt/f{li6«o ;Dks{ efiff x'g]5. -%_ alx/f gful/snfo{ g]kfnl ;f+s]lts efiff k of]u / ;+rf/ ug]{ xs x'g]5. -^_b[li6lalxg gful/snfo{ a ]n lnlk k of]u ug]{ xs x'g]5. -&_ g]kfnleq dft[efiffsf?kdf af]lng] ;a} efiffsf] klxrfg, cwoog, cg';gwfg, :t/ls/0f, ;+/If0f / ;Daw{g ug{ Ps /fli6«o efiff cfof]u /xg] 5. -*_ pkwf/f -&_ adf]lhdsf] /fli6«o efiff cfof]usf] u7g, sfd, st{jo / clwsf/ Pj+ sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t ep adf]lhd x'g]5. $ $=Gfful/stf -!_ ;a} g]kfnl gful/snfo{ cfˆgf] afa' jfcfdf jf b'j}sf] gfdaf6 gful/stf k fkt ug]{ xs x'g]5. -@_ g]kfn ;/xbleq hgd epsf t/ afa' cfdf gv'n]sf gful/snfo{ sfg"gdf d:of}bf ;ldltdf ;ff:s[lts tyf ;fdflhs P]Soa4tfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] sfo{if]qdf k/]sf] ep klg df}lns xs tyf lgb]{zs l;4fgt ;ldltsf] sfo{if]qdf k/]sf] ep klg 2

% %= ;dfgtfsf] xs Joj:yf ep adf]lhd gful/stf k fkt ug]{ xs x'g]5. -#_ ;a} g]kfnl gful/snfo{ cfˆgf] j+z, y/ jf s}/gsf cfwf/df gful/stf k fkt ug]{ xs x'g]5. -$_ /fhon] gful/stfsf] k flkt, k of]u / ;dflktdf s'g} klg gful/s dfly hflt, cflbjf;l, hghflt, blnt, t/fo{jf;l, dw]zl, d'l:nd, wd{, j0f{, efiff, lnë, of}lgs tyf n}+lës klxrfg,/fhgllts jf cgo ljrf/wf/f, /fli6«o jf ;fdflhs ptklq, ;DklQ, hgd jf If]q jf zf/ll/s jf dfgl;s?kdf czqm jf ckfë cj:yf jf cgo s'g} x}l;ot h:tf s'g} klg cfwf/df s'g} klg lsl;dsf] e]befj ug]{ 5}g. -%_ t]>f] lnël gful/snfo{cfˆgf] n}lës klxrfg ;lxt t]>f] lnëlsf] gful/stf k fkt ug]{ xs x'g]5. -^_ gful/stfsf] k flkt, ;dflkt, clës[t Pj+ dfgfy{ gful/stf k bfg nufotsf cgo ljifox? sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ep adf]lhd x'g]5. -!_;a} gful/s sfg'gsf] b[li6df ;dfg x'g]5g\. -@_ ;fdfgo sfg"gsf] k of]udf s'g} klg gful/sdfly hflt, cflbjf;l, hghflt, t/fo{jf;l, dw]zl, d'l:nd, wd{, j0f{, lnë, of}lgs tyf n}+lës klxrfg, efiff, /fhgllts jf cgo ljrf/wf/f jf ;fdflhs ptklq, jf hftlo lje]b / 5'jf5't, ;DklQ, hgd jf If]q jf zf/ll/s jf dfgl;s?kdf czqm jf ckfë cj:yf jf cgo s'g} x}l;ot h:tf s'g} klg ;+ljwfg;efsf df}lns xs tyf lgb]{zs l;4fgt ;ldltsf] sfo{if]qdf k/]sf] ep klg 3

cfwf/df s'g} klg lsl;dsf] e]befj ul/g] 5}g. -#_ /fhon] gful/sx?sf jlr hflt, cflbjf;l, hghflt, t/fo{jf;l, dw]zl, d'l:nd, wd{, j0f{, lnë, of}lgs tyf n}+lës klxrfg, efiff, /fhgllts jf cgo ljrf/wf/f jf ;fdflhs ptklq jf hftlo lje]b / 5'jf5't, ;DklQ, hgd jf If]q jf zf/ll/s jf dfgl;s?kdf czqm jf ckfë cj:yf jf cgo s'g} x}l;ot h:tf s'g} klg cfwf/df s'g} klg lsl;dsf] e]befj ug]{ 5}g. t/, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgllts, z}lifs / :jf:yodf lk5l8psf ;d'bfo jf ju{sf] klxrfg u/l pglx?sf] ;+/If0f, ljsf; / ;zlqms/0fsf nflu /fhon] ljutsf] ptkl8gsf] Ifltk"lt{ ;lxt ;sf/ftds lje]bsf cfwf/df sfg"gåf/f ljz]if Joj:yf ug{]5. -$_ ;dfg sfdsf nflu s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ hflt, cflbjf;l, hghflt, t/fo{jf;l, dw]zl, d'l:nd, wd{, j0f{, lnë, of}lgs tyf n}+lës klxrfg, efiff, /fhgllts jf cgo ljrf/wf/f jf ;fdflhs ptklq, ;DklQ, hgd jf zf/ll/s jf dfgl;s?kdf czqm jf ckfë cj:yf jf cgo s'g} x}l;ot h:tf s'g} klg cfwf/df kfl/>lds nufot s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ;'ljwf k bfgdf e]befj ul/g] 5}g. ^ ^= hftlo e]befj tyf 5'jf5't lj?4sf] xsm -!_s'g} klg JolQmnfO{hft, ptklq, ;d'bfo, k]zf jf zf/ll/s cj:yfsf cfwf/df s'g} k sf/sf] 5'jf5'b e]befj ul/g] 5}g. -@_ s'g} j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf ptkfbg jf ;xdlt epsf]n] d:of}bfsf] nflu ;ldltdf df}lns xs tyf lgb]{zs l;4fgt ;ldltsf] sfo{if]q 4

ljt/0f ubf{ To:tf] j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf s'g} vf; hft, hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ v/lb jf k fkt ug{af6 /f]s nufpg jf To:tf] j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf s'g} vf; hft, hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ dfq laqml ljt/0f jf k bfg ul/g] 5}g. -#_ s'g} hft, hflt, ptklq jf zf/ll/s cj:yfsf JolQ jf ;d'bfonfo{ pr jf glr bzf{pg], hft, hflt jf 5'jf5'tsf cfwf/df ;fdflhs lje]bnfo{ Gofof]lrt 7x/fpg] jf 5'jf5't tyf hftlo prrtf jf 3[0ffdf cfwfl/t ljrf/sf] k rf/ k ;f/ ug]{ jf hftlo lje]bnfo{ s'g} klg lsl;dn] k f]t;fxg ug{ kfog] 5}g. -$_ hftlo cfwf/df 5'jf5't u/l jf gu/l tyf s'g} JolQmnfO{ lghsf] OR5f ljkl/t sfddf nufpg jf sfo{:yndf s'g} k sf/sf] lje]b ug{ kfog] 5}g. -%_ 5'jf5't jf e]befjhgo ;a} k sf/sf sfo{ ;fdflhs ck/fwsf]?kdf sfg"gåf/f b08glo x'g]5g\ / To:tf] sfo{af6 kll8t JolQmnfO{ plrt Ifltk"lt{sf] xs x'g]5. leq k/]sf] / pqm ;ldltsf] k ltj]bgsf] k[i7 #! wf/f ( df 5'jf5't tyf e]befj lj?4sf] xs zlif{sdf o; ;DalGw pko'qm Joj:yf u/]sf]n] ;f]xl d:of}bfnfo{ g} ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfdf ;dfj]z ug{ ttsflng ;+ljwfg;efn] lgb]{zg lbpsf]n] ;f]xl jdf]lhd ug{ ;ldltsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg]. & &= ;f+:s[lts tyf lziff ;DaGwL xs -!_ g]kfn /fhodf a;f]af; ug]{ k To]s JolQm, kl/jf/ jf ;d'bfonfo{ cfˆgf] efiff, lnlk Pj+ dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL ljzjjoflk d"no / dfgotf k lts'n gx'g] ;+:s[lt, k yf, k/dk/f, /Lltl/jfh / rfnrngx?sf] ;+/If0f, ;Daw{g / k of]u ug]{ xs x'g]5. t/, ;fj{hlgs zflgt / ;'Joj:yfdf vnn kfg]{ jf ck/fw jf lx+;ftds sfo{ ug{ b'?t;fxg lbg] jf g}ltstf jf ljlegg hft, hflt, wd{, efiff, If]q nufotsf ;d'bfo jf ;Dk bfosf jlrsf] ;' ;DaGwdf vnn kfg]{ sfo{df df}lns xs tyf lgb]{zs l;4fgt ;ldltsf] sfo{if]qdf k/]sf] ep klg 5

d'gfl;j k ltagw nufpg] u/l sfg'g agfpg /f]s nufpsf] dflgg] 5}g. -@_ k To]s gful/snfo{ prr tx;ddsf] lgmz'ns lziff k fkt ug]{ xs x'g]5. -#_ ;a} wfld{s, ;ff:s[lts tyf eflifs ;d'bfox?sf] rfxgf cg';f/sf] z}lifs ;+:yfx? :yfkgf jf ;+rfng ug{ kfpg] xsnfo{ ;'lglzrt ug]{ /fhosf] bflotj x'g]5. t/, ;fj{hlgs zflgt / Joj:yfdf vnn kfg]{ jf ck/fw jf lx+;ftds sfo{ ug{ b'?t;fxg lbg] jf g}ltstf jf ljlegg hft, hflt, wd{, efiff, If]q nufotsf ;d'bfo jf ;Dk bfosfalrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kfg]{ sfo{df d'gfl;j k ltagw nufpg] u/l sfg'g agfpg /f]s nufpsf] dflgg] 5}g. -$_ s'g} klg z}lifs ;+:yfnfo s'g} vf; wfld{s, ;ff:s[lts jf eflifs ;d'bfoaf6 :yfkgf jf ;+rfng ul/psf] sf/0faf6 /fhoaf6 k fkt x'g] ;xof]u k fkt ug{af6 al~rt jf e]befj ul/g] 5}g. -%_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ s'g} vf; wfld{s, ;ff:s[lts jf eflifs ;d'bfoaf6 :yfkgf jf ;+Rffng ul/psf] z}lifs ;+:yfaf6 lziff k fkt u/]sf] sf/0faf6 prr lziffsf nflu ;fj{hlgs z}lifs ;+:yfdf egf{ x'g jf lziff lngaf6 algrt ul/g] 5}g. -^_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ s'g} hflt, cflbjf;l, hghflt, t/fo{jf;l, dw]zl, d'l:nd, wd{, lnë, j0f{, efiff, If]q jf ;+:s[ltsf] cfwf/df /fhoåf/f ;+rflnt jf ;xof]uk fkt z}lifs ;+:yfdf egf{ x'g jf lziff lngaf6 al~rt ul/g]5}g. 6

* *= wd{ ;DaGwL xs -!_ ;a} JolQmnfO{ b]xfosf wfld{s :jtgqtf x'g]5. -s_ s'g} wd{ u x0f ug]{ jf gug]{, -v_cfˆgf] cf:yf cg';f/sf] wd{sf] k rng / ceof; ug]{, -u_cfˆgf] cf:yfsf] wd{ / wfld{s ljzjf;sf] k rf/, k ;f/ ug]{, -3_ :j]r5fn] s'g} wd{ Tofu jf kl/jt{g ug]{, / -ª_ wfld{s ;+3, ;+u7g :yfkgf / ;+rfng ug]{. -@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_, -u_, -3_ / -ª_ df pnn]lvt wfld{s :jtgqtfsf] k of]u ubf{ cgo wd{ jf wfld{s cf:yfdf cf+r gcfpg] ul/ ug'{ kg]{5. -#_ s;}n] s;}sf] O{R5f ljkl/t wd{ kl/jt{g u/fpg kfpg] 5}g. -$_ pkwf/f -@_ / -#_ ljkl/tsf] sfo{ sfg'g adf]lhd b08glo x'g]5. -%_ k To]s wfld{s ;Dk bfonfo{ sfg'g adf]lhd cfˆgf] :jtgq cl:ttj Pj+ wfld{s ;lxi0f'tf sfod /fvl cfˆgf] wfld{s :yn / wfld{s u'7lsf] ;~rfng / ;+/If0f ug]{ xs x'g]5. df}lns xs tyf lgb]{zs l;4fgt ;ldltsf] sfo{if]qdf k/]sf] ep klg ( (= cnk;+vos ;d'bfosf] clwsf/ cnk;+vos ;d'bfonfo{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] clwsf/ k Tofe't ul/psf] 5 M s_ cfˆgf] ;/f]sf/ /x]sf / cfkm"nfo{ k efljt kfg]{ gllt lgdf{0fdf ;xeflutfsf] xs, v_ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf, k/dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk / k ljlw ;DaGwL xs, u_ efiff lnkl wd{ ;DaGwL xs, 3_ e"ld / k fs[lts ; f]t ;fwg ;DaGwL xs, ª_ ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs, r_ dft[efiffdf ;"rgf / ;+rf/sf] xs, ;xdlt epsf]n] d:of}bfsf] nflu ;ldltdf ;ldltsf] k ltj]bgdf /x]sf] d:of}bfsf] ; f cnk;+vos / l;dfgts[t ;d'bfonfo{ k Tofe"t ug'{kg]{ cnu cnu / 7f]; clwsf/sf] ;"rl d:of}bfdf /fvg ttsfnlg ;+ljwfg;efn] @)^^.!@.@) df lbpsf] lgb]{zg 7

5_ /fhosf ;+/rgfdf ljz]if k ltlglwtjsf] xs, h_ cfˆgf] ;d'bfosf] lxt / snof0fsf nflu df}lns ;+:s[lt / k/dk/f ;+/If0fsf] xs. adf]lhd ul/psf]. k/dfh{g!)!)= l;dfgts[t ;d'bfosf] clwsf/ l;dfgts[t ;d'bfonfo{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] clwsf/ k Tofe't ul/psf] 5M s_ /fhosf ;a} ;+/rgfdf ;dfg'kflts k ltlglwtjsf] xs, v_ ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf cf/if0f Pj+ pkl:yltsf] ljz]if xs, u_ lziff, :jf:yo, ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf ljz]if clwsf/. 3_ e'ld / k fs[lts ; f]t ;fwg ;DaGwL xs. ;xdlt epsf]n] d:of}bfsf] nflu ;ldltdf ttsfnlg lgb]{zg adf]lhd yk ul/psf].!!!!= /fhosf] lgb]{zs l;4fgt -!_ b]zdf pknjw cfly{s >f]t / ;fwgnfo{ ;Lldt JolQmx?df s]lgb t x'g glbo{ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs Gofo l;4fgtsf] cfwf/df cfly{s cj;/ / pknljwdf ;a} hflt, cflbjf;l, hghflt, blnt, t/fo{jf;l, dw]zl, d'l:nd, ckfë, wd{, efiff, lnë, ju{, If]q / cj:yfsf JolQmsf] ;dfg kx'fr, lgogq0f / Gofof]lrt ljt/0fnfo{ gful/ssf] clwsf/sf?kdf :yflkt u/l :jb]zl lglh tyf ;fj{hlgs pbdnfo{ k fyldstf / k >o lbo{ /fli6«o cy{tgqnfo{ :jtgq Pj+ cftd lge{/ u/fpg' /fhosf] d"ne"t cfly{s p2]zo x'g]5. -@_ ;a} lsl;dsf hftlo lje]b / 5'jf5't, wfld{s, eflifs, of}lgs jf n}lës, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgllts, z}lifs, k zf;lgs / If]qLo e]befj / c;dfgtf x6fo{ ljlegg hflt, cflbjf;l, hghflt, blnt, t/fo{jf;l, dw]zl, d'l:nd, wd{, df}lns xs tyf lgb] {zs l;4fgt ;ldltsf] sfo{if]qdf k/]sf] ep klg 8

efiff, j0f{, lnë, of}lgs tyf n}lës klxrfg, ckfë, ;Dk bfo, If]q / cj:yfsf gful/ssf jlr Pstf / e ft[tjsf cfwf/df cfk;l ;f}xfb {tf / ;fd~h:ok"0f{ ;DaGwsf] :yfkgf u/l Gofo / g}ltstfdf cfwfl/t :j:y ;fdflhs hljgsf] :yfkgf / ljsf; ug'{ /fhosf] ;fdflhs p2]zo x'g]5.!@!@= /fhosf glltx? -!_ b]zsf] ;Gt'lnt ljsf;sf nflu cfly{s nufgl, ptkfbg / ptkfbg ;DaGwsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f Pj+ :yfglo>d, ;Lk, Ifdtf / biftfsf] k"0f{ pkof]u u/l ;a} hflt, cflbjf;l, hghflt, blnt, t/fo{jf;l, dw]zl, d'l:nd, ckfë, wd{, efiff, lnë, ju{, If]q / cj:yfsf JolQmsf] lziff, :jf:yo, oftfoft, cfjf;, vfbfgg / /f]huf/l h:tf cfwf/e"t s'/fx? k bfg u/l gful/ssf] dof{lbt hljg af+rg kfpg] xs ;'lglzrt ug]{ gllt /fhon] cjndag ug]{5. ;+ljwfg;efsf df}lns xs tyf lgb]{zs l;4fgt ;ldltsf] sfo{if]qdf k/]sf] ep klg!#!#= kl/efiff / JofVof -s_æcnk;+vos ;d'bfo eggfn] sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t k ltzt egbf sd hg;+vof /x]sf hftlo, eflifs / wfld{s ;d"xx?nfo{ ;Demg'k5{ / ;f] zabn] cfˆg} hftlo, wfld{s / eflifs ljlzi6tf epsf], To;nfO{ arfo /fvg] cfsf+iff /x]sf, lje]b / ptkl8g ef]u]sf ;d"x ;d]tnfo{ hgfpf5.æ -v_æ;ldfgts[t ;d'bfo eggfn] /fhgllts, cfly{s / ;fdflhs?kn] k5fl8 kfl/psf, lje]b / ptkl8g tyf ef}uf]lns ljs6tfsf] sf/0fn] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] pkef]u ug{ g;s]sf jf To;af6 jl~rt /x]sf kl5nnf] dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf+ssf] ;xdlt epsf]n] d:of}bfsf] nflu ;ldltdf ttsflng lg0f{o adf]lhd yk ul/psf] Joj:yf. 9

sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t :t/ egbf Go"g l:yltdf /x]sf ;d'bfonfo{ ;Demg'k5{ / ;f] zabn] clt;ldfgts[t / nf]kf]gd'v ;d'bfo ;d]tnfo{ hgfpf5.æ b i6jo M ;+ljwfgn] u/]sf] cnk;+vos tyf l;dfgts[t ;d'bfosf] kl/efiffdf ;dofg's'n kl/dfh{gsf] l;kmfl/; ug{, tl ;d'bfox?sf] nflu k Tofe"t ul/psf clwsf/x?sf] sfof{gjogsf] l:ylt cg'udg ug{, cfjlws?kdf x'g] /fli6«o hgu0fgf / dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf+ssf] cfwf/df cnk;+vos / ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] ;"rldf ul/g'kg]{ kl/dfh{gsf] l;kmfl/; ug]{ ;d]tsf clwsf/ If]q efjl ;+ljwfgdf ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf]?kdf /xg] s'g} Ps cfof]udf /xg] u/l d:of}bf ug{ ttsfnlg ;+ljwfg;efn] @)^^.!@.@) df lgb]{zg lbpsf]n] ;ldltn] Wofg lbg pko'qm x'g]. 10

cg';"rl! ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ldlt @)^^.!@.@@ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ cnk;+vos tyf ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/ ;+/If0f ;ldltsf] ;DjGwdf ;+j}wflgs ;ldltnfo{ lbpsf] ;'emfj / lgb]{zg cnk;+vos tyf ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/ ;+/If0f ;ldltsf] ;DaGwdf!= cnk;+vos tyf l;dfgts[t ;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/ ;+/If0f;ldltsf] k ltj]bg ;fy ;+nug k f/ldes d:of}bfsf] k :tfjgf / /fi6«sf] kl/efiff ;+j}wflgs ;ldltsf] sfo{if]qdf kg{], gful/stf ;DaGwL Joj:yf, ;dfgtfsf] xs, ;ff+:s[lts tyf lziff ;DjGwL xs, wd{;djgwl xs, /fhosf lgb]{zs l;4fgtx? / /fhosf glltx? df}lns xs tyf lgb]{zs l;4fgt ;ldltsf] sfo{if]qdf kg]{, /fi6«efiff ;DaGwL Joj:yf;fF:s[lts tyf ;fdflhs P]Soa4tfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] sfo{if]qdf kg]{ b]lvg5.cnk;+vos tyf ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/ ;+/If0f ;ldltsf] d:of}bfdf ;ldltsf] b[li6n] ;DalGwt efudf /fvg l;kmfl/; ul/psf ljifonfo{ ;+j}wflgs ;ldltn] dxtjk"0f{ ;Gbe{ ;fdu Lsf]?kdf u x0f u/l ;DalGwt ljifonfo{ k"0f{tf lbg] qmddf Wofg lbg pko'qm x'g5. ;ldltaf6 k :t't plnnlvt ljifodf ;efdf 5nkmn x'+bf p7]sf s'/fx? ;DalGwt ;ldltsf] d:of}bfaf6 lg0f{o eo{ ;+af]wg x'g] epsf]n] ;efn] oxff s'g} lg0f{o u/]sf] 5}g. @= cnk;+vos / l;dfgts[t ;d'bfosf] xs lxtsf] b[li6n] x]bf{ hflto e]befj / 5'jf5't lj?4sf] xs dxtjk"0f{ /x]sf]df ljjfb x'g ;Sb}g. o; ;ldlt / df}lns xs tyf lgb]{zs l;4fgt ;ldltn] cjwf/0ffkq / k f/ldes d:of}bf ;DaGwL k ltj]bg tof/ kfbf{ of] xssf] k Tofe't ug]{ u/l d:of}bf tof/ ug'{ :jfefljs b]lvg5. o; ljifodf df}lns xs tyf lgb]{zs l;4fgt ;ldltsf] k ltj]bgsf] k[i7 #! wf/f ( df 5'jf5't tyf e]befj lj?4sf] xs zlif{sdf o; ;DaGwL pko'qm Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvpsf]n] pqm xssf] ;DaGwdf df}lns xs tyf lgb]{zs l;4fgt ;ldltsf] k ltj]bgdf /x]sf] d:of}bfnfo{ g} ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfdf ;dfj]z ug{ lgb]{zg lbpsf] 5. #= ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] qmddf cnk;+vossf] kl/efiff / klxrfg ug'{sf] p2]zo ctogt Go"g ;+Vofsf] sf/0fn] hftlo klxrfg, ;+:s[lt, efiff jf wfld{s cf:yf nf]k x'g] cj:yf eo{ ;+s6sf] l:yltdf k'u]sf ;d"xsf] ljz]if ;+/If0f ug'{ x'g5 eg] ;LdfGts[t jf jlxis/0fsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf ;d"xsf] kl/efiff / klxrfgsf] p2]zo pglx?sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs cj:yfdf ;'wf/ NofO{ ;zqmls/0f ug]{ / /fho Joj:yfdf d"n k jfxls/0f ug'{ /x]sf] x'g5. cfly{s ;fdflhs Gofo :yflkt u/l ;f/e"t ;dfgtfsf] cj:yf / l:ylt lgdf{0f ug{ o:tf pkfox? cjndag ul/g] xf]. kl/efiff / klxrfgsf] b[li6n] ;LdfGts[t / jlxis/0fsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf ;d'bfonfo{ 5' ofpg] cfwf/, dfkb08 / pglx?nfo{ ug'{kg]{ ;+/If0f / ljsf;sf] ljz]if Joj:yfsf] k s[lt ;d]t ;dfg x'g] epsf]n] ;LdfGts[t / jlxis/0fsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf ;d"xnfo{ cnu ug'{ kg]{ cfjzostf / cf}lrtotf b]lvb}g. t;y{ ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] kl/efiff / klxrfgn] alxis/0fsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf ;d'bfonfo{ :jtm ;d]6\b5. ctm ;ldltsf] k ltj]bgsf] k f/ldes d:of}bf v08sf] k]h g+=!@ /!# df /x]sf] pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ df /x]sf] :ki6ls/0fnfo{ kl/dfh{g ug]{ / v08 -u_ df /x]sf] :ki6ls/0fnfo{ x6fo{ ;+ljwfgsf] kl/efiff / JofVof egg] efudf cnk;+vos / l;dfgts[t ;d'bfosf] b]xfoadf]lhdsf] kl/dflh{t kl/efiff ;dfj]z ug]{. cnk;+vos ;d'bfo æcnk;+vos ;d'bfo eggfn] sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t k ltzt egbf sd hg;+vof /x]sf hftlo, eflifs / wfld{s ;d"xx?nfo{ ;Demg'k5{ / ;f] zabn] cfˆg} hftlo, wfld{s / eflifs ljlzi6tf epsf], To;nfO{ arfo /fvg] cfsf+iff /x]sf, lje]b / ptkl8g ef]u]sf ;d"x ;d]tnfo{ hgfpf5.æ ;LdfGts[t;d'bfo æ;ldfgts[t ;d'bfo eggfn] /fhgllts, cfly{s / ;fdflhs?kn] k5fl8 kfl/psf, lje]b / ptkl8g tyf ef}uf]lns ljs6tfsf] sf/0fn] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] pkef]u ug{ g;s]sf jf To;af6 jl~rt /x]sf kl5nnf] dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf+ssf] sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t :t/ egbf Go"g l:yltdf /x]sf ;d'bfonfo{ ;Demg'k5{ / ;f] zabn] clt;ldfgts[t / nf]kf]gd'v ;d'bfo ;d]tnfo{ hgfpf5.æ $= cnk;+vos ;d'bfosf] nflu k Tofe't ug'{ kg]{ clwsf/ / l;dfgts[t ;d'bfosf] nflu k Tofe't ug'{ kg]{ clwsf/x? Pp6} k s[ltsf] geo{ a]unf a]un} x'g] epsf]n] ;ldltsf] k ltj]bgsf] k]h g+=!@ b]lv!^ ;Dd /x]sf] 11

cnk;+vos, ;LdfGts[t tyf alxis/0fdf kfl/psfsf] clwsf/ egg] zlif{s cgtu{t Joj:yf ul/psf k fjwfgx?sf] ; f df}lns clwsf/ tyf lgb]{zs l;4fgt ;ldltsf] k ltj]bgdfly kl5 ;+ljwfg;efn] lbg] ;'emfj / lgb]{zg;+u ;fd~h:o x'g] u/l b]xfo adf]lhd Joj:yf ug{ lgb]{zg lbpsf] 5 M cn;+vos ;d'bfosf] clwsf/ M cnk;+vos ;d'bfonfo{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] clwsf/ k Tofe't ul/psf] 5 M -s_ cfˆgf] ;/f]sf/ /x]sf / cfkm"nfo{ k efljt kfg]{ gllt lgdf{0fdf ;xeflutfsf] xs, -v_ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf, k/dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk / k ljlw ;DaGwL xs, -u_ efiff lnkl wd{ ;DaGwL xs, -3_ e"ld / k fs[lts ; f]t ;fwg ;DaGwL xs, -ª_ ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs, -r_ dft[efiffdf ;"rgf / ;+rf/sf] xs, -5_ /fhosf ;+/rgfdf ljz]if k ltlglwtjsf] xs, -h_ cfˆgf] ;d'bfosf] lxt / snof0fsf nflu df}lns ;+:s[lt / k/dk/f ;+/If0fsf] xs. l;dfgts[t ;d'bfosf] clwsf/m l;dfgts[t ;d'bfonfo{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] clwsf/ k Tofe't ul/psf] 5M -s_ /fhosf ;a} ;+/rgfdf ;dfg'kflts k ltlglwtjsf] xs, -v_ ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf cf/if0f Pj+ pkl:yltsf] ljz]if xs, -u_ lziff, :jf:yo, ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf ljz]if clwsf/. -3_ e'ld / k fs[lts ; f]t ;fwg ;DaGwL xs %= ;+ljwfgn] u/]sf] cnk;+vos tyf l;dfgts[t ;d'bfosf] kl/efiffdf ;dofg's'n kl/dfh{gsf] l;kmfl/; ug{, tl ;d'bfox?sf]nflu k Tofe't ul/psf clwsf/x?sf] sfof{gjogsf] l:ylt cg'udg ug{,cfjlws?kdf x'g] /fli6«o hgu0fgf / dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf+ssf] cfwf/df cnk;+vos / ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] ;"rldf ul/g'kg]{ kl/dfh{gsf] l;kmfl/z ug]{ ;d]tsf] clwsf/if]q efjl ;+ljwfgdf ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf]?kdf /xg] s'g} Ps cfof]udf /xg] u/l u/l d:of}bf tof/ lgb]{zg lbpsf] 5. 12

cg';"rl @ ;+ljwfg ;ef cnk;+vos tyf ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/ ;+/If0f ;ldlt / ;ff:s[lts / ;fdflhs P]Soj4tfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] k ltj]bg cwoog pk ;ldlt. 1 df=>l piff u'?ª ;+of]hs 2 df=>l s'naxfb'/ u'?ª ;b:o 3 df=>l u0f]z s'df/ sfdafë ;b:o 4 df=>l bnhltlj=s]=>lkfnl ;b:o 5 df=>l Wofguf]ljGb /l~htsf/ ;b:o 6 df= >L jl/]gb k ;fb dxtf] ;b:o 7 df=>l eld k ;fb cfrfo{ ;b:o 8 df=>l dfg axfb'/ ljzjsdf{ ;b:o 9 df=>l ;To gf/fo0f d08n ;b:o 13