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{ s[lif x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com ;fktflxs @)&$ ;fn j}zfv!* ut] ;f]daf/ 1 jif{ % c #& @)&$ j}zfv!* ut] ;f]daf/ May. 1, 2017 d"no?=!). s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl{ agfcf} +, k/dk/fut xf]og Joj;flos agf} +, s'/fsf] v]tl xf]og, v]tlsf] s'/f u/f} +. s[lif ljsf; ug] {{{{{ dfcf]jfblsf] e d ls;fg dtbftfnfo{ ufp kflnsf / gu/kflnsf] lgjf{rgdf s[lif ljsf;sf] yf]qf] gf/f sf7df8f}+. cfufdl j}zfv #! ut] x'g uo{/x]sf] :yfglo lgjf{rgsf nflu ;/sf/sf] g]t[tjstf{ bn g]skf -dfcf]jfbl s]gb _ n] s[lif If]qnfO{ cfkm\gf] r'gfjl gf/fleq ;d]6\g vf]h]sf] 5. ;d[4 g]kfnsf] cfwf/m ;d[4 ufp gu/ú egg] gf/fnfo{ s]gb ljgb'df /fv]/ :yfglo tx lgjf{rgsf] k lta4tfkq tof/ kfl//x]sf] dfcf]jfbl s]gb n] ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rl * df pnn]v epsf] :yfglo txn] k of]u ug]{ @@ ljifout clwsf/sf] cg';"rlnfo{ cfkm\gf] Ph]08fsf?kdf k :t't u/]sf] 5. s[lif tyf l;+rfo{nfo{ k fyldstfdf /fv]/ :yfglo lgjf{rgdf hgtfdfem dfcf]jfbl cufl8 al9/x]s]f 5. e"lddfly hf]tfxf ls;fgsf] :jfldtjnfo{ ;'lglzrt ug]{ kmf]; f] gf/fnfo{ klg cem} jf]s]sf] 5. u0ftgq kzrft hf]tfxf ls;fgx?nfo{ e" :jfldtjsf] clwsf/ lbg] xfjfbf/l ukm u/]s]f epklg tlg k6s;dd ;Qfsf] g]t[tj ul//x bf dfcf]jfbln] ls;fgx?nfo{ hf]tfxsf] e" :jfldtjnfo{ ;'lglzrt ug] { k of; u/]sf] lypg. clxn] k]ml/ :yfglo lgjf{rgdf p;n] ls;fgx?nfo{ ef]6 j}+ssf?kdf b]v]sfn] g} e"lddflysf] clwsf/sf] s'/f p7fp b} cfo{/x]sf] 5. cem /f]rs s'/f t s] xf] eg] ;Qfdf /xfbf k6s k6s s[lif ljsf; dgqfno ;Dxfn]sf] dfcf]jfbl s]gb n] ls;fgsf kifdf vf;} sfd ug{ g;s]klg lgjf{rgdf cufl8 km]l/ slif g} u fld0f ljsf;sf] d"n cfwf/ egg] gf/f g} lnp/ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5. :yfglo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgnfo{ nlift u/l NofPsf] ;f] gf/f klg s]jn kmf]; f] cfzj;fg egbf km/s 5}g. dfcf]jfbln] hldg affemf] /fvg / v08ls/0f ug{nfo{ lgogq0f u/l hldgnfo{ ptkfbgd"ns If]qdf k of]u ul/g], hldgnfo{ ptkfbgd"ns If]qdf s]lgb t ug{ e"ld a} +ssf] Joj:yf ug] { / ctofw'lgs s[lif k 0ffnLsf] ljsf; u/l s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/df ;'k/ hf]gú, hf]gú cjwf/0ffnfo{ Jofjxfl/s?kdf nfu" ;d]t atfpsf 5. s[lif ljsf; dgqfnon] g]kfn pbf]u afl0fho dxf;+3sf] ;xsfo{df ;~rfng ul//x]sf] Ps ufp Ps ptkfbgsf] gssn ub} { Ps ufp Ps s[lif gd"gf ptkfbgnfo{ klg cl3 ;f/]s]f 5. To:t} ufpfkflnsfn] s[lif ptkfbgnfo{ u'0fftds kdf ljsf; ug{ ;'k/ hf]gúsf] dfgotfg';f/ cfcfkm\gf] ef}uf]lns ljz]iftfg'?k ptkfbgsf] ljlzi6ls/0f / gd'gf 9ª\un] s[lif ptkfbgnfo{ s]lgb t ug] nio ;d]t lgjf{rgsf gf/f agfpg nflu/x]s]f 5. u fdl0f If]qdf cfrf/ ;+lxtf ljkl/t ljb]z e d0f sf7df8f}+. s[lif ljsf; dgqfnosf dgql, /fhodgql Pj+ prr clwsf/lx? lgjf{rg cfof]un] tf]s]sf] cfrf/ ;+lxtf ljkl/t ljb]z e d0f ul//x]sf 5g\. s[lif dgql uf}/lz+s/ rf}w/l oltv]/ lgjf{rg cfof]usf] :jls[t j]u/ g} /f]d k'u]sf 5g\. >f]tsf cg';f/ /f]daf6 dgql rf}w/l cd]l/sf ;d]t k'ug] tof/l ul//x]sf 5g\. s[lif ljsf; dgqfno >f]tsf cg';f/ lgjf{rg cfof]un] ljz]if sfo{qmd afx]s cgo s'g} klg uf]li7 ;]ldgf/df ;xeful x'g ljb]z hfg /f]s nufpsf] / hfg} kg]{ cj:yfdf cfof]usf] :jls[t lnp/ dfq hfg] u/l cfrf/ ;+lxtf nfu" u/]sf] epklg lgjf{rg cfof]usf cfrf/ ;+lxtf s[lif dgql rf}w/laf6 g} pnn3+g ug] { sfo{ epsf] atfpsf] 5. dgql kms] { nut} /fhodgql klg ljb]z hfg] tof/ldf /x]sf] epklg s'g b]z hfg nfu]sf] egg] s'/f v'nfpg rfx]gg\. cfocfh{g / /f]huf/d"ns s[lif ptkfbg, vfbfgg ptkfbg, bnxg, kmnkm"n, t/sf/l, gub]afnl, kz'kfngnufot d'votm gub] afnlsf] v]tldf hf]8 cfzjf;g cufl8 ;f/]s]f epklg ;Qfdf /x]sf] dfcf]jfbl s]gb s} efusf s[lif ljsf; dgqfno Pj+ kz'kg5l ljsf; dgqfno /xfbf s] pknawl u/]sf] 5 jf o'jf :j/f]huf/sf nflu s'g gof sfo{qmd cufl8 ;f/]sf] 5 egg] s'/f 5n{Ë 5. la=l6=pn\= sdkglsf kfj/ l6n/ tyf ldgl l6n/af6 v]tl u/f} +, sd vr{df ctolws ptkfbg a9fcf} +. Dhobighat, Lalitpur, Nepal (Near to Mega Hospital) Ph.No.01-5153094 Fax: 01-5153209 E-mail: btltradepvtltd@gmail.com/ www.btltrade.com.np

+ { s[lif ;fktflxs @)&$ ;fn j}zfv!* ut] ;f]daf/ 2 /fhgllts bnsf] k fyldstfdf kb} {g s[lif If]qsf] ljifo d'n's xf Sg] /fhgllts bn lgs6 /x]/ lgjf{lrt x'g] sfo{stf{ jf g]tfx?n] g} xf]. glltut txdf k'u]/ gllt lgdf{0f ug] { sfd klg pg}x?s} g} xf]. ; w} e/l s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;sf s'/f ug] { /fhgllts bnx? hj lgjf{rg cfp 5 To;a]nf eg] pglx?sf] 3f]if0ff kqsf] klxnf] k fyldstfdf s[lif If]q k/]sf] b]lv+b}g. s[lif k wfg b]z epsf]n] s[lifsf] ljsf; ug' { kb{5 egb} b'xfo{ lbg] /fhgllts bn, ltgsf g]t[tj k+lqm / :jo+ pdd]bjf/n] ;d]t s[lifnfo{ k fyldstfdf kf/]s]f b]lv+b}g. s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; gep;dd d'n'ssf] cfly{s d]?b08sf] ljsf; ug{ ;ls+b}g egg] t/ s[lif ljsf;sf nflu s'g} klg sfo{qmd Nofpg gvf]hg] eps} sf/0f s[lif If]q p bf] ultlt/ bf}l8/x]sf] 5. clxn] :yfglo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgsf nflu /fhgllts bnx? h'l6/x]sf 5g\. :yfglo lgsfo ufp+kflnsf jf gu/kflnsf s} s'/f ug] { xf] eg] klg clwsf+z If]qsf] afx'notf ls;fgx? s} 5. ltg} ls;fgx? /fhgllts bnx?sf] g]tfnfo{ d]o/ pkd]o/ r'gg] ef]6 j} +ssf?kdf ljutb]lv g} :yflkt x' b} cfo{/x]sf 5g\. ls;fgx?n] kfpg] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf kifdf /fhgllts bnsf g]t[tjx? x/]s lgjf{rg / To;kl5 ;Qfdf k'u]kl5 r's]sf] b]lvg5. clxn] t emg\ s[lif tyf kz' ;]jfsf ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ ufp kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfnfo{ lbg] gof ;+/rgfdf tof/ ul/psf] 5. o:tf] ljz]ifflwsf/ k fkt ug{ vf]lh/x]sf ufp kflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] g]t[tj lng vf]h]sfx?sf] 3f]if0ff kqdf ls;fgx?sf Ph]08f p7\g g;sg' b'vb\ /x]s]f 5. ;Qfdf k'ugsf nflu ls;fgx?sf] dt h;/l dxtjk"0f{ 5 egg] s'/f /fhglltsdl{x?n] a'em]sf 5g\. To;}u/L ls;fgx?sf] hljg:t/ ;wfg{ ;lsp d'n'ssf] cfly{s pgglt ug{ ;lsg5 egg] s'/fsf] x]ssf /fvg xfd f /fhgllts bn / ltgsf sfo{stf{x?n] slxn] klg ;s]gg\. t/ ltg} /fhglltsdl{x? ls;fg; u ;DjlGwt ;+3;+:yf jf cfof]ux?df kb x8\kg eg] lgs} g} v'zl x'g5g\. ls;fgsf ;d:ofnfo{ kfvf nufp/ ls;fgx?n] kfpg] kg]{ ;]jf ;'ljwf /fhgllt ug]{s} xftdf kg'{nfo{ uf}/j ug{ ;ls+b}g t;y{ d'n'sf] gof+ ;+/rgfdf ufpkflnsf / gu/kflnsfdf d]o/ agg]x?n] s[lifnfo{ klxnf] k fyldstfdf /fv'g\. cfkm\g} ;"rgf g]kfnsf] klxnf] s[lif ;fktflxssf sf kdf k sflzt s[lif ;fktflxsdf tkfo sf If]qdf ep u/]sf s[lif If]q; u ;DalGwt ;"rgf ;dfrf/ jf n]v /rgfx 5g\ eg] xfdlnfo{ lalxaf/leq k7fpg'x'g cg'/f]w ul/g5. ;Dks{ s[lif ;fktflxs, k'tnl;8s Od]n M sajnepal@gmail.com web: www.krishionline.com g]kfnsf] s[lif ljsf; gx'g'sf sf/0f g]kfnsf] ljsf; / g]kfnlsf] ;Dd[l4sf] ctogt dxtjk"0f{ cfwf/ s[lif If]q x'g'sf sf/0f Ps geo cg]s 5g\. s[lifaf6 g} g]kfn / g]kfnlsf] ;d[l4 x'g ;Sg] s'/fdf s'g} z+sf 5}g. To;}n] ;/sf/n] klg s]lx aif{b]lv phf{, ko{6g / s[lifnfo{ g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf k d'v cfwf/ dfg]sf] 5. t/ gt b\zsf] cf:yfdf s]lx kl/jt{g cfpsf] 5 g t ls;fg / s[lif If]qsf]. g]kfnsf] s[lifdf cg]sg ;d:of / r'gf}ltx? /x]sf] ;+be{df lt r'gf}ltsf] ;dfwfg u/l s[lifsf] Joj;flos/0f, cf}bf]lus/0f / lbuf] s[lif ljsf;sf] of]hgf g} g]kfnl s[lif ljsf;sf] /0fgLlt / s[lif qmflgtsf] sfo{qmd x'g'k5{. / lt sfo{qmddf e'ld;'wf/sf] ;jfn afx]s cgo s'/fdf 7"nf] dte]b b]lvb}g. km]/l lsg g]kfnsf] s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; x'g ;s]g t. ljsf;sf ;+efjgf g} ;+efjgfx? epsf] xfd f] b]zdf hnjfo' / e"w/ftnlo ljljwtfsf sf/0f cg'kd h}ljs ljljwtf 5. kxf8l kof{j/0f / ef}uf]lns-jftfj/0flo ljljwtfsf sf/0f xfdlnfo{ t'ngftds nfesf s[lif ptkfbg ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f 5. ;+;f/sf clt sd 7fpFdf dfq ptkfbg x'g] ctogt b'n{e k sf/sf v]lt oxff ug{ ;lsg5. t/ o;jf/] xfd f] Wofg k6ss} upg. cem} ;Dd klg hfg ;s]sf] 5}g / clg kxf8l lxdfnl If]qsf ls;fgnfo{ k"jf{wf/ ljgf g} uf]ne]8f, Rofp, t/sf/l jf cgo v]ltug{ nufpbf s[ifsn] g ahf/ kffp5 g d'no clg 3f6fsf] s[lif 5f]8\g' ;fdfgo k s[of agb5. xfdln] nfvf} +df ljsg] hl8a'l6, ctogt :jfb / lr;f] jftfj/0fsf h}ljs / k fªufl/s :yfglo ptkfbgsf] k j4gsf] ;f6f] ahf/ k lt:kwf{sf ptkfbgdf hf]8 lbof} h'g oxff ;+ej 5}g. g]kfnsf] s[lif k/dk/fut, k5f}6] / lgaf{xd'vl x'g' s[lif ljsf;sf] csf] k d'v r'gf}lt xf]. nfdf] ;dob]lv ls;fgnfo{ xfdln] u'hf/fd'lv v]ltn] slxn]klg ls;fgsf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ gnofpg] s'/f a'emfpg Wofg lbogf} +. k/dk/fut hljg lgjf{xfd'vl s[lif kl/jf/sf] u'hf/f rnfpg ul/g], kl/jf/sf] cfjzostfdf cfwf/lt x'g] / pkef]udf cfwf/lt x'g] x'gfn] o;n] pflx/sf] hljgdf kl/jt{g Nofpb}5. ls;fgn] olb s[lifaf6 cfdbfgl, /f]huf/l / ;d[l4 rfxg5g\ eg] pglx/ Joj;flos?kdf v]lt ug' {k5{ egg] zgb]; l;sfgdf dfemdf cem} k'u]sf] 5}g. t g]kfndf cem}!) k ltzt ls;fgn] v]lt of]uo hldgsf] @% k ltzt e'lddf dfq o:tf] v]ltub{5g\. Joj;flos s[lif ahf/df a]rl gfkmf sdfpg] pb]zon] ahf/sf] dfudf cfwf/lt eo{ cfw'lgs 1fg, ;Lk / k ljlwsf] k of]u ul/ 7"nf] :t/df ul/g] s[lif xf]. To;sf/0f o;n] ls;fgnfo{ wgl agfpg ;S5. s[lifsf] Joj;flos/0f, ofgqls/0f / cf}bf]lus/0ftkm{ klg cem} /fhosf] Wofg k'ug ;s]sf] 5}g. ;fy} ;/xsf/sf () k ltzt gllt sfo{qmd lge{fxfd'lv v]tlnfo{ Joj;flos ug] { egbf klg Joj;flos btf{jfn ls;fgnfo{ niflt 5g\. o;/sf/0f xfd f] s[lif ljsf; x'g ;s]g. g]kfnsf] s[lif ljsf;sf] csf] { afwf hldgsf] ljt/0fsf] cj:yf / e'ld;'wf/sf] /fhgllt klg xf]. ljut ^) aif{b]lv g]kfnsf x/]sf /fhgllts bn / ls;fg ;+u7gn] h;sf] hf]t p;sf] kf]t / ;'s'djf;l, e'ldxlg / ul/j ls;fgnfo{ hldg ljt/0f ug]{ dfu cl3 ;fb}{ cfpsf 5g\. cem} klg pglx? hldg af8\g] s'/f ub}{5g\. lj=;+= @)@@ sf] e'ld;'wf/ lkmtnf] jf j}1flgs gepklg o;n] ;frr} g} ;fdgtl hldgbf/l k yf x6fpg hu /f]k]sf] e'ldsf] xbagbl nfu' u/]sf] tyf df]lxofgl xs sfod u/fpsf] /tonfo{ ;d]t /fhgllts u'jf{u xsf cfwf/df cl:jsf/ ul/of]. To;}n] e'ld;'wf/ kl5 ;d]t kf6l{sf gf/f km]l/pgg\. e'ldsf] Joj:yfkg, psf;, rsnfagbl cfbl sfo{df Wofg hfg ;s]g. pn6f] hldg ljt/0f ug]{ s'/f cl3 ;fl/p. hldg t ptkfbgsf] ;fwfg xf] of] ;Dklt xf]og / t/ JolStut ;Dklt g} ;fdflhs c;dfgtfsf] h8 dfgg] sdo'lgi6x? ;d]t lrglof qmflgtsf] k efjdf hldgsf] vl08s/0f / k To]s JolStsf] :jfldtjdf Ps 6'qmf epklg hldg x'g'kg]{ dfudf nfu]. hldg 6'qmg] qmd ltj eof] / cem a9\b} 5. To;}n] t sltok ljin]ifs g]kfnsf k d'v /fhgllts bnn] hldgsf] :jfldtj / e'ld;'wf/sf] av]8f cl3 ;f/]/ s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;nfo{ /f]sg] dfq xf]og k'/} w/fzfofl agfpsf] cf/f]k nufpf5g\. @)$^ kl5 pglx? km]/l bnx? sflgtsf/l / j}1flgs e'ld;'wf/sf] gfddf xnf] c8\sfpg] sfddf Jo:t /x]. o;/l s[lif ljsf;sf] cfwf/ /x]sf] e'ld Joj:yfkg x'g g;sbf klg s[lifsf] ljsf; x'g ;s]g. s]lx cl3sf] tyon] hdlg! s/f]8 @) nfv lsqf k'u]sf] atfpf5. k lt kl/jf/ sl/j )=%) x]s6/ egbf sd e":jfldtj 5. o:f] cj:yfdf s[lifsf] Joj;flos/0f s;/l x'g ;S5 < g]kfndf ;/sf/ slxn] klg ls;fgsf] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g. e i6 sd{rf/ltgq, ;/sf/ / dgqlx? s';l{df a;]kl5 sldzgsf] gfddf ls;fg l;wofpg Jo:t /xg5g\. To;}n] slxn] klg s[lifnfo{ d'n wf/df Nofpg] gllt, sfo{qmd / ah]6 cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g. ;/sf/n] gjpbf/jfbl glltsf] kifkf]if0f u/]sf] 5 / ;fgf tyf demf}nf ls;fgnfo{ ;/f;/ kfvf nufpg] sfd epsf] 5. ls;fg / s[lifsf k d'v ;jfn dn, ljp / cf}hf/sf] cefj ljutb]lv xfn;dd Ho"F sf To"F 5g\. s[lifnfo{ lbuf], k fªufl/s, ls;fgd}ql agfpg] / k/lge{/tf x6fpg][ tkm{ egbf klg pn6f] lbzfdf nulb}5. sldzgsf] v]ndf c/jf} +sf] /;folgs dn cfoft ul/g5. cem ptkfbstj a[l4, ;+sng / e08f/0f cefj, ahf/ kx'r gx'g' tyf Psn ahf/ h:tf s'/fdf s;}sf] Wofg hfg ;s]sf] 5}g. s;/l xf];' t o:tf] cj:yfdf s[lifsf] ljsf;. ljr/f ls;fg 3f6fd} epklg ptkfbg t ub}{5g\. To;}n] t s[lif ug]{ / /fhgllt ug]{x?nfo{ oxff s]lx ug{ g;sg], ljsnk gepsf / of]uotf Ifdtf gepsfsf] k]zf 7fgLG5. o'jfsf] knfog / s[lifsf] dlxnfs/0f csf]{ dxtjk"0f{ r'gf}lt xf]. u fdl0f e]udf huuf aflemg] qmd ltj 5. s[lifsf] dlxnfs/0fnfo{ s]gb df /flv sfo{qmd gnofog'n] k d]z kf]v]/]n dlxnfx? klg lj:tf/} s[lifaf6 lj:tfklt x'g] qmd 5 / zx/df a;fo{ ;b} { 5g\. /]ld6 ofg;nfo{ s[lifdf nufpg k f]t;fxg ug]{ s'g} sfo{qmd gx'fbf cg'tkfbs If]qdf vr{ epsf] 5. ol ;d:ofsf] y'k f]df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ;d:of yklpsf] 5. ;+j]bgzln tyf hf]lvd e'uf]n, k slt;fu k ToIf ;DjGw /fvg] s[lif If]q, df};d rqm tyf k s[lts ;fwgdf a9l lge{/t xfd f s[ifsx?, hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DjlGw ;r]tgfsf] sld, cg's'ngsf nflu ; f]t / ;fwgsf] cefj tyf ul/lj cflb sf/0fn] ubf{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] hf]lvdtfsf lx;fjn] ;a}egbf vt/fdf 5g\. s[lifsf] ljsf; / ls;fgsf] ;]jfsf nflu elgg] s[lif dgqfnosf] ;+/rgf ctott >]0fLut, ;':t, s]lgb s[t / a9l k fljlws xgfn] u fld0f ls;fgx? o;sf w]/} ;]jfaf6 agrlt 5g\. of] klg s[lif ljsf;sf] nful ;d:ofsf]?kdf /x]sf] 5. o;sf] w]/} ; f]t ls;fg;fu gk'ub} Joj:yfkgdf l;4lg5g\. To;}u/L ljut b]lvsf gllt / sfo{s d x]g]{xf] eg] s[lifsf] Joj;flos/0f ug]{ / cfoft k lt:yfkg ug]{ epgg\ pn6f] xl/tqmflgt of cgo gfddf pbf/ls/0f ug] { / k/lge{/tf a9fpg] ep h;sf sf/0f s[lif If]q w/f;fol agb} uof]. nfdf] ;do;dd b];sf] /fhgllt cl:y/ /xg' / cfly{s ;d[l4 / ljsf; egbf klg /fhgllts clwsf/ k flktsf] cfgbf]ng k fylds agg'n] klg s[lifsf] ljsf;, cg';gwfg / ;]jf lj:tf/sf] If]qdf afwf k'u]sf] Pyfy{ xf]. xfdl s[lifdf cfwf/lt epklg / s[lif b]zsf] cy{tgqsf] cfwf/ s[lif epklg b'efuo{ k To]s aif{!)) c/j egbf a9lsf] vfbfgg cfoft ug{ afwo 5f}+. h;df k fylds vfba:t'sf] cfoft dfq} ^% c/j egbf a9l 5 / rfdn dfq s/lj @% c/jsf] cfoft ul/g5. To;}n] s[lifsf] Joj;flos/0f, ofgqls/0f, ahf/ls/0f / ;/sf/ls/0f ub}{ g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns l:ylt cg'?ksf] t'ngftds nfesf ptkfbg ul/g' g} s[lif ljsf;sf] cfwf/ x'g ;S5. h}ljs k fªufl/s v]lt dfkm{t gub] jfnl, hl8a'l6, kmnkm'n tyf t/sf/lsf] g]kfndf ctogt 7"nf] ;+efjgf 5. To;}u/L ttsfn e'pkof]usf] glltnfo{ sfg'g agfo{ sfof{gog ug'{kb{5 h;n] hldg afemlg] / vl08s/0f x/g] qmd /f]sg ;d]t ;xof]u ug] { 5. clg g]kfndf e'ld ljt/0f cfjzos 5}g. e'pkof]u cg';f/ Plss[t s[lif ljsf;sf] of]hgf dfkm{t s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; ug'{ cfjzos 5.

+ + s[lif ;fktflxs vfbfggdf k/lge{/tf a9\bf], jflif{s #( ca{sf] vfbfgg cfoft sf7df8f}. cfjzostfcg';f/ vfbfgg cfk"lt{ x'g g;sbf jflif{s? #( ca{ egbf a9lsf] vfbfgg ljlegg d'n'saf6 cfoft x' b} cfpsf] 5. ;/sf/n] s[lifdf a;]{lg nufgl a9fpfb} gof sfo{qmd nfu" u/]klg ptkfbgdf ck]iffs[t k ltkmn b]lvg ;s]sf] 5}g\. vfbfgg pkof]u / Joj:yfkgsf] sdl tyf kl/jt{g x 'b} upsf] dflg;sf] vfg] z}nln] rfdn, ds}, ux ', sf]bf], kmfk/nufot vfbfggdf k/lge{/tf a9]sf] xf]. cfly{s jif{ @)&@ &# df? #( ca{ b'o{ s/f]8 d"no a/fa/sf] vfbfgg cfoft epsf] 5. h;dwo]?!( ca{ () s/f]8 d"no a/fa/sf]] rfdn,? gf} ca{ ** s/f]8sf] ds},?= kf r ca{ *) s/f]8sf] ux ' /? b'o{ ca{ (! s/f]8sf] wfg cfoft epsf] eg;f/ ljefu tyofª\s zfvfsf lgb{]zs ljgf]bz/0f cfrfo{n] hfgsf/l lbp. cfly{s jif{ @)&@ &# df vfbfgg lgof{t eg]? Ps s/f]8 ^# nfv d"no a/fa/ epsf] 5. o; cfjsf] r}t d;fgt;dddf d'n'sdf s'n? @( ca{ #* s/f]8sf] vfbfgg cfoft eo;s]sf] 5. h;df!$ ca{sf] rfdn, ;ft ca{sf] ds}, tlg ca{sf] wfg, Ps ca{ @& s/f]8sf] ux' cfoft epsf] eg;f/ ljefusf] tyofª\s 5. o; cjlwdf vfbfgg lgof{t eg] sl/a? b'o{ s/f]8 d"no a/fa/sf] epsf] 5. clwsf+z vfbfgg cfoft l5d]sld'n's ef/taf6 x'g]u/]sf] tyofª\s 5. s[lif ljsf; dgqfsfnosfcg';f/ xfn g]kfndf wfg, ux', ds}, sf]bf], kmfk/nufot vfbfggsf] jflif{s hddf ptkfbg emg8} Ps s/f]8 kffr nfv d]l6«s 6g xf/fxf/ldf x'g5. o;af6 s'6gllk;fgl ubf{ tof/l vfbfgg -h:t}m rfdn, lk7f]_ sl/a %% nfv d]l6«s 6g hlt lg:sg] dgqfnosf ;x k jqmf zª\s/ ;fksf]6fn] atfp. d'n'ssf] xfnsf] hg;ª\vofnfo{ jflif{s sl/a %$ nfv d]l6«s 6g tof/l vfbfgg cfjzostf kg{] dgqfnosf] cg'dfg 5. æd'n'ssf] hg;ª\vof / ptkfbgsf] b/ x]bf{ d'n'sleqsf] vfb ptkfbg ldnfp/ vf bf ;a}nfo{ k'ug'kg{] xf]. t/ eft} vfg'kg{ ] / Tof] klg ljb]zdf ptkflbt ld7f] dl;gf] rfdn vfg] afgln] 7"nf] kl/df0fdf rfdn cfoft x' b} cfpsf] 5Æ pgn] atfp. d'n'sleq Jofj;flos?kdf ;'? epsf] s'v'/fkfng / kz'kfngsf nflu cfxf/fsf]?kdf cfjzoskg{] ds}sf] klg cfk"lt{ x'gg;sbf a;]{lg ds}sf] cfoft klg a9\bf] 5. s[lifdf d'n's cftdlge{/ agfpg dgqfnon] ljlegg sfo{qmd cl3 ;f/]sf] 5. o; cfjdf dgqfnon] cl3 a9fpsf] k wfgdgql s[lif cfw'lgs/0f kl/cfof]hgfún] s[lifsf] ptkfbgdf Jofks ;'wf/ Nofpg] dgqfnosf] bfal 5. ;Dk"0f{ ; f]t Joj:yfkg :jb]zl /x]sf] o; kl/of]hgfsf] d'vo p2]zo s[lifnfo{ Joj;foLs/0f, oflgqs/0f / cf}bf]luls/0f ug{' xf]. s'n? kf r ca{ &* s/f]8 ah]6 5'6ØfPsf] o; kl/of]hgfsf] sfof{gjogaf6 ;/sf/n] cfufdl jif{df ux'f / t/sf/l, b'o{ jif{df wfg / cfn', tlg jif{df ds} / df5f, rf/ jif{dff s]/f, d]jf / lnrl,!) jif{df lsal, :ofp, ;'Gtnf, h'gf/ / cffkdf cftdlge{/ x'g] ljzjf; lnpsf] 5. o; afx]s dgqfnon] :yfglo:t/sf ld7f] rfdnsf VoftL kfpsf tyf dl;gf] rfdnsf] ptkfbg k f]t;fxgsf] ljlegg gllt cjndag u/]sf] hgfpsf] 5. d'n'ssf] s"n u fx:yo ptkfbgdf ## k ltzt of]ubfg /x]sf] s[lif If]qsf] nflu s'n ah]6sf] tlg k ltztdfq ah]6 ljlgof]hg Hofb} sd epsf] vfb clwsf/ ;~hfn g]kfnsf ;+of]hs k f8f s]zj v8\sfn] atfp. g]kfndf s"n ^% bzdnj & k ltzt hg;ª\vof s[lifdf cfl>t 5g\. s[lif If]qdf cfjzostfcg';f/ kof{kt ah]6 ljlgof]hgsf] sdl, ;x'lnotk"0f{ C0f nufgl, s[lif ;fdu Lsf] oyf]lrt pknawtf / cfjzos cg'bfg tyf s[lif ladf k efjsf/l gxf'bf ck]lift ptkfbg x'g g;s]sf] pgsf] egfo 5. æds}, sf]bf], cfn' / kmfk/nfo{ vfgf tyf vfgfsf kl/sf/sf?kdf sd vfg] z}nln] rfdnsf] cfoft ;a}egbf w]/} a9]sf] xf]æ k f8f v8\sfn] eg], æa9\bf] j}b]lzs /f]huf/lsf sf/0f ufp df v]tl ug{] o'jf hgzlqmsf] sdl x'g' / Ho]i7 gful/s tyf dlxnfsf] e/df ul/g] hljg lgjf{xd'vl v]tlaf6 cftdlge{/ agg sl7g 5.Æ /f;folgs dnsf] hyfefjl k of]un] ptkfbgzln hldg d?e"lds/0f x 'b} upsf]k lt pgn] lrgtf JoQm u/]. d'n'sdf ut jif{ emg8} #) nfv (! xhf/ x]s6/ hldgdf s[lif ptkfbg x'g] u/]sf] 5. cfly{s jif{ @)&@ &# df wfg $@ nfv (( xhf/ d]l6«s 6g, ds} @@ nfv #! xhf/ d]l6«s 6g, ux'!% nfv &) xhf/ d]l6«s 6g, bnxg tlg nfv ^) xhf/ d]l6«s 6g, t/sf/l #% nfv *) xhf/ d]l6«s 6g, kmnkm"n!) nfv (^ xhf/ d]l6«s 6g, cfn' @* nfv %) xhf/ d]l6«s 6g / df5f &* xhf/ d]l6«s 6g ptkfbg epsf] lyof]. æcfly{s jif{ @)&@ &# df? #( ca{ b'o{ s/f]8 d"no a/fa/sf] vfbfgg cfoft epsf] 5. h;dwo]?!( ca{ () s/f]8 d"no a/fa/sf]] rfdn,? gf} ca{ ** s/f]8sf] ds},?= kf r ca{ *) s/f]8sf] ux ' /? b'o{ ca{ (! s/f]8sf] wfg cfoft epsf] 5.Æ g]kfn /fi6«a} +ssf] cg'/f]w g]kfndf g]kfnl d'b fdf g} sf/f]jf/ ug' {k5{. cfkm"; u /x]sf] ljb]zl d'b f j} +s, ljlqo ;+:yf jf dlgr]~h/ h:tf Ohfht k fkt ;+:yfx?df uo{ ;6xL u/f} +. o;/l ;6xL ubf{ /l;b jf ;6xLsf] k df0f lng glj;f} +. x'g8laf6 ljb]zl d'b fsf] sf/f]af/ ug' { b08glo ck/fw xf]. wg'iff. t/fo{ dw];nfo{ cggsf] e08f/ dflgp klg clxn] hgsk'/df dfq b}lgs nfvf}+?k}of d"no a/fa/sf] cfn' / Kofh ef/taf6 lelqg] u/]sf] 5. cfn', Kofh Joj;foL ;ª\3 hgsk'/sf cwoif cnnfplbg /fo{gsfcg';f/ hgsk'/df clxn] b}lgs?kdf? @) b]lv @% nfv d"no a/fa/sf] cfn'kofh vkt x'g] u/]sf 5g\. b}lgs kf r 6«s cfyf{t ;o 6g cfn' / b'o{ 6«s $) 6g Kofh ef/tsf] pq/fv08, aª\ufn, u'h/ft, gfl;s laxf/nufotsf :yfgaf6 cfpg] u/]sf] cwoif /fo{gn] atfp. g]kfndf ptkfbg x'g] cfn' Kofhn] jif{sf] b'o{ dlxgf klg oxffsf pkef]qmfnfo{ gk'ug] bfal ub} { cwoif /fo{gn] eg] æoxf s[lifdf /fd f] cfdbfgl 5, t/ klg s[lifk lt g oxf sf ls;fg ;r]t 5g\, g /fho g}.æ oxf sf] df6f] cfn' Kofhsf] nflu pko'qm ep klg l; rfo cefj tyf l; rfosf] nflu ;/sf/l pbfl;gtfsf] sf/0f v]tlk lt ls;fgsf] cfsif{0f 36]sf] pgsf] egfo 5. s[lifdf C0fsf] Joj:yf ul/p klg oxf sf jfl0fho a} +sx?n] s[lifdf nufgl ug{ g;ls/x]sf]n] o:tf] cj:yf l;h{gf epsf] pgsf] ts{ 5. oxf sf clwsf z o'jf hgzltm @)&$ ;fn j}zfv!* ut] ;f]daf/ # ef/taf6 b}lgs @% nfvsf] Kofh ædf6f]sf] pj{/fzlqm a9fcf} s[lif ptkfbgsf] a[l4 u/f} +.Æ u'0f:t/lo ;fn6 6] «l8ë o'l/of dn k of]u u/f} +. o'l/of gfo{6«f]hg $^Ü g]kfn ;/sf/4f/f cg'bflgt dn ;fn6 @)&# 6] h]7af6 «l8ë skf] s[lif {/]zg ;fktflxs lnld6]8 x/]s ;f]daf/ tkfo sf] sflndf6l, sf7df8f} kmf]g M $@&!)!$ xftdf Od]n M trade@stcnepal.com j}b]lzs /f]huf/ldf upsfn] s[lif If]q k efljt epsf] xf], s[lif k fljlws c?0f dxtf]n] eg] æv]tdf sfd ug]{ dhb'/ 5}gg\, ls;fg rfx]/ klg OR5f cg';f/sf] v]tl ug{ ;ls/fv]sf 5}gg\, o:tf] cj:yfdf oxffsf] ptkfbgn] pkef]qmfsf] dfunfo{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sb}g.Æ e/kbf]{ / kl/>dl ls;fgsf] cefjdf oxf sf Jofkf/L s[lif If]qdf nufgl ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g\, :yfglo Jofkf/L lhj5 ;fxn] eg] æcfn', Kofhsf] v]tl ug]{ ls;fgn] slxn] klg cfkm"x?sf] ;Dk{sdf Jofj;flos 9ª\un] v]tl ug]{ lx;fan] cfpsf] 5}g\.Æ d'n'ssf] cgo ;x/x?df t/sf/lsf nflu 5' } Jojl:yt ahf/ lgdf{0f ul/psf]] ep klg hgsk'/df eg] cem} o:tf] b]lpsf] 5}g. Jojl:yt t/sf/l ahf/sf] cefjdf ;8s lsgf/d} oxf sf d'vo t/sf/l ahf/ nfug] u/]sf 5g\. æcfn' Kofhsf] Jofkf/ cfkm+}df r'gf}tlk"0f{ /x]sf] 5, ;dodf laqml epg eg] cfn' Kofh ;g]{ ;d:of w]/} x'g5, To; s/0f klg o;sf nflu 5' } Jojl:yt ahf/ x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbb}+ ;ª\3sf cwoif /fo{gn] oxf sf] ahf/ Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfon] kxn ug{' cfjzos /x]sf] atfp.

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(^ $* *! lrtjg (=$ #)=) #&=)!^=^ @@=% %( ($ @* ** sf:sl (*=) @#=) #@=)!^=^!(=$ %& (#!% &( )=) #=) k"j{ kfnkf l56k'6 @^=) #@=#!#=#!&=) %$ (!!& *$?kgb]xl!=) #!=! $!=#!(=* @$=% #( &(!# ^) )=)!@=% k"j{ bfë!$=^ #@=) #^=)!&=* @@=% $& &^ @! %% )=) @=) klzrd jf+s] (=) #%=& #(=)!(=& @$=* %) *%!% $( )=) (=) klzrd ;'v] {t ^=^ @$=& #%=*!^=& @@=# $! && @@ %)!=) ^=% klzrd h'dnf!^=# @!=@ @^=^ %=) (=^ %( &) @* #( )=% %=) klzrd s}nfnl )=@ #^=) #*=(!(=@ @^=% $$ &)!& %! )=) #=) pq/ 8f]6L @@=( ##=) #^=*!%=) @!=) %* *$ @% $^ )=) #=) pq/ bfr' {nf @%=! #@=) #$=)!#=)!(=% *# (^ ## *$ s}lkmot s_ df};d ljzn]if0f M ut xktfsf] ;du df};dl ljzn]if0f df]/ª M df]/ª lhnnfdf ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #%=) ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ t ^^Ü_ /Xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/!^=* ldlnld6/ jiff{ eof]. ;Kt/L M ;Kt/L lhnnfdf ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #%=) ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ t #^Ü_ /Xof]. wgs'6f M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd @(=^) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ tf $$Ü_ /Xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/ *=& ldlnld6/ jiff{ eof]. bf]nvf M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd @&=) ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ tf ^!Ü_ /Xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/!(=( ldlnld6/ jiff{ eof]. sfe ]knf~rf]s M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd ##=%= ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ t %*Ü_ /Xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/ @*=* ldlnld6/ jiff{ eof]. wflbª M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd ##=%= ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ t $*Ü_ /Xof]. af/f M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #&=& ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ tf @$Ü_ /Xof].;fy} ;ftfel/ $=^ ldlnld6/ jiff{ eof]. lrtjg M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #&=) ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ tf @*Ü_ /Xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/ (=$ ldlnld6/ jiff{ eof].?kgb]xl M ut xktfsf] lbpf;f]sf] tfkqmd $!=# ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ tf!#ü_ /Xof].;fy} ;ftfel/!=) ldlnld6/ jiff{ eof]. sf:sl M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #@=) ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ tf!%ü_ /Xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/ (*=) ldlnld6/ jiff{ eof]. kfnkf M ut xktfsf] lbpf;f]sf] tfkqmd #@=# ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ tf @&Ü_ /Xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/ l56k'6 dfq jiff{ eof]. bfª\ M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #^=) ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ tf @!Ü_ /Xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/!$=^ ldlnld6/ jiff{ eof]. ;'v]{t M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #%=* ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ tf @@Ü_ /Xof]. eg] aiff{ l56k'6 /x\of]. 8f]6L M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #*=% ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ tf #!Ü_ /Xof].;fy} ;ftfel/df #=@ ldlnld6/ aiff{ eof]. af+s] M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #&=% ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ tf $#Ü_ /Xof]. aiff{ l56k'6 /x\of]. s}nfnlm ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #&=% ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ tf #)Ü_ /Xof]. h'dnf M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd @(=@ ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ tf!%ü_/xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/df %=( ldlnld6/ aiff{ eof]. bfr'{nf M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #&=) ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb{ tf $)Ü_/Xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/df @#=^ ldlnld6/ aiff{ eof]. cfp+bf] xktfsf] df};d cj:yf df]/ª / ;Kt/LM ;ftf e/l g} clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. wgs'6fm ;ftf e/l g} clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. ;fy} ;ftfsf] z'? tyf dwolt/ Ifl0fs d]3 uh{g ;lxt aiff{ x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. bf]nvf, sfe ] wflbªm ;ftf e/l g} clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. ;fy} ;ftfsf] dwolt/ Ifl0fs d]3 uh{g ;lxt aiff{ x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. af/f, lrtjg,?kgb]xlm ;ftf e/l g} clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. sf:sl, kfnkfm ;ftf e/l g} clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. ;fy} ;ftfsf] z'? tyf dwolt/ Ifl0fs d]3 uh{g ;lxt aiff{sf] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. ;'v] {t, bfª, 8f]6LM ;ftf e/l g} clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. ;fy} ;ftfsf] z'? tyf dwolt/ Ifl0fs d]3 uh{g ;lxt aiff{ x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. jf+s], s}nfnlm ;ftf e/l g} clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. ;fy} ;ftfsf] z'? tyf dwolt/ Ifl0fs d]3 uh{g ;lxt aiff{ x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. h'dnf / bfr'{nfm ;ftf e/l g} clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. ;fy} ;ftfsf] z'? tyf dwolt/ xnsf lxdkft ;lxt aiff{ x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. afnl gfnl wfg ) r}t] wfg /f]k]sf] @% #) lbgdf uf]8d]n u/]kl5 # s]hl o'l/of k lt /f]kgl jf @ s]hl o'l/of k lt s fsf b/n] 6k8] «; ug' {kb{5. o;/l /f;folgs dn k of]u ubf{ @$ 306f;Dd v]taf6 kfgl au]/ hfg lbg' x' +b}g. ) aif] { wfg afnlaf6 /fd f] [ ptkfbg lng cfkm\gf] If]qsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ul/psf pko'qm hft klxrfg u/l e/kbf] { >f]taf6 ;dod} alpsf] Joj:yf ug' {xf];\. ) t/fo{, leql dw]z, tnnf] kxf8l a] +zlsf l;+lrt If]q -()) ld=;dd_ sf] nflu pko'qm hftx? :j0f{ ;j!, ;Djfd;'nL ;j!, ldlynf / /fdwfg. ) t/fo{ leql dw]z / tnnf] a]+zlsf cl;+lrt If]q -()) ld=;dd_ sf] nflu pko'qm hftx? ;'Vvf wfg!, ;'Vvf wfg @, ;'Vvf wfg #, ;'Vvf wfg $, ;'Vvf wfg %, ;'Vvf wfg ^, t/x/f!, xlb{gfy!, /fwf!! tyf 3}of wfgsf nflu ljgb]zj/l, 3}of! / 3}of @. ) dwokxf8l If]q -())!%)) ld=;dd_ sf nflu pko'qm hftx? v'dn $, v'dn *, v'dn!), v'dn!!, v'dn!#. ) prr kxf8l If]q -!%)) @^)) ld=;dd_ sf nflu pko'qm hftx? n]sfnl!, n]sfnl #, rgbgyfg #, df5fk'r5] «#.

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To:t} k/fndf klg o'l/of gfds of}lussf] k of]u u/l pkrf/ ubf{ k/fndf k f]l6gsf] dfqf a9fpg ;lsg5. o"/lof ;b}j v]tjf/ldf 5g] { dn g} xf]. o;df $^ k ltzt gfo6«f]hg /x]sf] x'g5.?ldg]g6 -pu fpg]_kz'x?sf]?d]df o"l/ofdf epsf] gfo6«f]hgaf6 Pdf]lgof Uof+; agl kz'n] k f]l6g k fkt u/l kf]if0f ttj cfk"lt{ x'g5. o"l/of pkrf/ u/]sf] k/fn 3f]8f, a+u'/ tyf?d]g lasl;t eog;s]sf kf8f kf8l,afr5f afr5l / kf7f kf7lx?nfo{ v'jfpg' x' b}g, pu fpg] hftsf kz' -ufo{ e};l tyf e]8f afv f_ x?nfo{ dfq v'jfpg' kb{5. olb Pp6f dfq k]6 epsf] jf?d]g ljsf; eog;s]sf kz'x?nfo{ o'l/of pkrf/ u/]sf] k/fn v'jfpdf k]6af6 ptkgg epsf] Pdf]lgof Uof+; zl//df zf]l;g uo Pdf]lgofsf] laifqmsf] sf/0f kz' la/fdl x'g5. rf/k]6 epsf -?ldg]g6_ kz'x?df o'l/ofaf6 s;/l k f]l6g agb5 t < ha rf/k]6 epsf kz' kl/ksj cj:yfdf k'ub5g\, cgo k]6sf] ;fy}?d]gsf] klg k'0f{ ljsf; epsf] x'g5 /?d]gdf z'id hljf0f'x? klg k z:t dfqdf ljsl;t epsf x'g5g\. ol ;'Id hljf0f'x?n]?d]gdf cfpsf] ;]n'nf]h / x]dl;]n'n]h h:tf sfaf] {xfo8] «8 krfpgsf] nflu ;]n'n]h / o'l/of kfrg ug{ o'/]h gfds O~hfOd ptkfbg ub{5g\. h;sf] k tlkmn?d]gdf o'l/ofaf6 Pdf]lgof -NH3_ / ;]n'nf]h / x]dl;]nf]haf6 km\of L P;L8x? / ls f] -kitto acid _ ptkgg x'g5. o;/l ptkgg epsf] Pdf]lgof / kitto acid alr /f;folgs k ltlqmof eo Pldgf] Pl;8 agb5.?d]gdf /x]sf ;'Id hlj0f'x?n] pqm Pldgf] Pl;8nfO{ kfrg ub{5g\ / ;'Id h}ljs k f]l6g agb5 h'g Pjf]d]hddf ptkgg epsf] OGhfOd - 6«LK;Lg tyf rfodf]6«lk;lg h:tf_ sf] sf/0f ;f] ;'Id h}jls k f]l6g, k ml PdLgf] Pl;8df kl/0ft x'g5. of] k f]l6gsf] ;fgf]?k xf] h'g kz'sf] ;fgf] cfgb faf6 ;f]l;g5. k/fndf o"l/of pkrf/ ug] { ljwl M k/fndf o"l/of pkrf/ ubf{ lgdg cg';f/sf] ljwl ckgfpg' kb{5 M ) ;j{k yd slt w]/} dfqf k/fndf o"l/of pkrf/ ug] { xf] olsg ug] {. ) k/fnsf] dfqf cg';f/ o"l/of / kfglsf] Aoj:yf ldnfpg]. olb!)) s]= hl= k/fn pkrf/ ug{ ' k/]df 100 nl6/ kfgl / #=5 s]=hl= o"l/of tyf!) s]=hl= k/fn pkrf/ ug{ ' kg] { epdf #%) u fd o"l/of /!) ln6/ kfglsf] Aoj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5. ) cfjfzostf cg';f/ o"l/ofnfo{ kfgldf /fd f]; u 3f]Ng]. ) k/fnnfo{ Knfi6/ u/]sf] 7fp ep ;f]xl 7fp df / gepdf cfjzostf cg';f/sf] ;fohsf] alnof] Knfli6s lar5\ofp/ k/fn lkmhfpg] / kfgldf 3f]lnPsf] o"l/ofsf] 3f]nnfO{ ;a} k/fndf ;dfg?kdf kg] { u/l 5s{g] jf lehfpg]. ) o;/l lehfpsf] k/fnnfo{ cfsf/ cg';f/sf] vfn6f] epdf ;f]xl vfn6f]df / gepdf alnof] Knfli6ssf] y}nf]df xfn]/ /fd f];fu vlbnf] x'g]u/l bjfpg]. ) o;/l bjfpbf k/fn alrdf /x]sf] xfjf k"0f{?kdf aflx/ lg:sg' kb{5 / k/fndf PgP/f]ljs -xfjf gk:g]_ cj:yf ;[hgf eo ;'Id hljf0f'x?af6 o"l/ofdf /x]sf] gfo6"f]hgaf6 k ml Pldgf] Pl;8 agl k f]l6g k fkt x'g5. o;/l pkrf/ ul/psf] k/fndf *!) k ltzt ;Dd k f]l6g a9\b5. o"l/of pkrf/ u/]sf] k/fn v'jfpfbf Wofglbg' kg] { s'/fx? 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s[lif Nepal's First Agriculture weekly May ;fktflxs @)&$ 1, 2017 ;fn j}zfv Monday!* ut] ;f]daf/ 6 Yunnan s organic farming pioneer Residents of China s overcrowded and polluted megacities on the east coast increasingly distrust their food. Urban sprawl has swallowed farmland and reports of tainted food are commonplace. This has led members of the growing urban middle class to look for new alternatives, especially when buying fruits and vegetables. Yunnan province, in south-west China, is increasingly seen as a bastion of comparatively safe produce. This perception, coupled with the province s long growing seasons and relatively low population density, has made Yunnan produce a hot commodity in cities such as Beijing and Tianjin. In 2012, Yunnan exported 8.5 million tonnes of produce north and eastward, and that number is projected to rise dramatically as supply chains are upgraded. A growing, but as yet unconnected, number of citizen activists based in Yunnan are making their voices heard and pushing farmers to live up to the expectations of consumers in the east by providing legitimately safe food free of pesticides and fertilisers. One of the loudest voices to come out of this nascent movement belongs to Li Yuan, a reporter for Kunming s Spring City Photo corner : Evening News.Li has spent the better part of two years preaching the gospel of sustainable, organic methods of raising crops. She organises educational field trips to villages where volunteers assist farmers using sustainable methods. Li has also opened a small facility in Yunnan s capital city, Kunming, where urbanites come to learn how they can get involved in raising their own crops no matter where they live. Plants growing at an organic farm just outside Anning, west of the provincial capital Kunming. Her most recent endeavour is larger in scope, and aims to help educate people shopping at markets as well as the people who grow their food. With funding provided by the Yunnan Association of Science and Technology, a government think-tank, Li shot and produced a 25-minute educational movie entitled Ecological Growing in just three months. The film reflects the path Li followed while learning about organic farming techniques. I became a vegetarian in 2009, she says, but didn t really grasp what that entailed until three years later. She travelled to Taiwan, studying sustainable methods of farming used there and realised she had Take a Informastion about rice Park in Sanya City, Yunnan province much to learn. You can t fix a problem until you understand it, Li explains. Mainland China is far behind Taiwan in terms of farmers truly realising what they are doing when they use pesticides and fertilisers. Many people in Yunnan are unaware of just what organic farming entails; thus Ecological Growing is a fairly simple film, intentionally so, according to Li. The movie opens with a cartoon showing a family learning the fundamentals of organic food production from a scientist. The messages are basic and geared as much toward children as they are to an adult audience. We didn t want to overwhelm viewers with statistics and science, Li says. The film is a starting point for many people. We couldn t assume our audience had any previous knowledge of what we are talking about, so we just made sure all of the common sense basics were together in one place. Despite being viewed by much of the country as something of a clean, agricultural haven Yunnan has deep issues of its own. In reality, Li says, farms in the province suffer from the same problems as elsewhere in China lack of clean irrigation water often caused by the overuse of fertilisers and pesticides.china uses two- and-a-half times as much fertiliser per tonne of grain produced than the United States. Li believes the number may be closer to five times as much in areas where famers mistakenly think using more fertiliser leads to equivalently abundant yields of fruits and vegetables. In Yunnan, such thinking has played a large part in the province s largest lake, Dianchi, suffering so badly from eutrophication triggered by agricultural runoff that its water is deemed unfit for human contact. How farming, pesticide and herbicide use interact to affect the environment is an enormously complex subject. When she approaches people living in the countryside, they often feel intimidated and assume the issues Li and her volunteers are discussing are too impenetrable for them to understand. Showing her film has helped in many cases. So has getting her hands dirty. When we show up on farms ready to work, it goes a long way toward earning trust, she says. Li has simplified her message; both in the film and when speaking publicly she focuses on only a few subjects. The first of these is the overuse of fertilisers and pesticides, which Li characterises as a stopgap measure that leads to widespread soil deterioration and rampant pollution. Tied into this message is the idea that long-term considerations such as water conservation and limiting waste are fundamental to keeping farmland healthy. Her final point concerns seeds, and the need for smallholders to learn to collect them at the end of a growing season. Li characterises this as a lost art. For her, a discussion of natural growing without chemicals cannot exclude a plant s origin. Seeds are part of the natural process and buying seed each year from a company bypasses the evolutionary process, Li explains. She worries that whatever favourable genetic characteristics a plant may have developed will be lost when seeds only come from one source. This, she maintains, is a global problem, and she encourages the farmers she works with to establish communal seed banks in their villages. Out of all her efforts, Li enjoys actually digging in the dirt the most. Yet she may have more of an impact through her burgeoning filmmaking efforts. Donors at the Yunnan Association of Science and Technology were so taken with her first effort they have already commissioned a second film. Li says she will focus this time on food safety and biodiversity preservation. This, she says, is a growing process. Taiwan took between ten and fifteen years to reach the point where organically grown food reached such a level of cultural importance. Here in Yunnan we may not have that much time. BY :Patrick Scally Siddi canal operation elates local farmers Bhadrapur : Local farmers have been elated after the successful operation of a canal channelized from the Siddi rivulet in the eastern part of the country. A team headed by Chief of Irrigation Development Division Office, Bhadrapur Iswori Prasad Tiwari on Thursday inspected the canal operation. The 22-km long canal was constructed at the cost of around Rs 440 million. It took 10 years to complete the construction of canal that has been providing irrigation service to around 1,700 hectares of land. It is expected that the irrigation services being provided to the farmers through the canal would help elevate economic status of local people, said Chairperson of Siddi canal Irrigation Project Hari Prasad Chaulagain.

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{ + { s[lif ;fktflxs s[lif ;fktflxs @)&$ ;fn j}zfv!* ut] ;f]daf/ 8 lh=k =sf=sf7df8f}+ b=g+= )^ )^( &) @)&# ;fn j}zfv!* ;f]daf/ * s[lif ;"rgfsf] xjsf?kdf :yflkt ug] { ;f]rdf 5f} + ) clxn] s[lif ;'rgf tyf ;~rf/ s]gb n] s] ul//x]s]f 5 < s[ [lif ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ s]gb n] kl5nnf] cj:yfdf h'g pb]zo s[lif ;'rgf tyf ;~rf/ s]gb sf] :yfkgfepsf] lyof] To;}nfO{ k fyldstfdf /fv]/ sfd ul//x]sf] 5. :yfkgf sfnb]lv vf; ul/ s[lif ;"rgf / k ljlwx? ljlegg ljifodf Pp6} ynf] dfkm{t ls;fgx? dfem k' ofpg] o; s]gb sf] k d'v pb]zo xf]. Tof] pb]zo xfl;n ug{sf] nflu clxn] xfdln] gljgtd k ljlwsf] k of]u ub} { cufl8 a9\b} uo/x]sf 5f} +. o4lk xfdln] h'g ultdf s[lif ;"rgf k jfxnfo{ s[ifssf] cfsf+iff cg'?k Psbd} l56f] / k efjsf/l xf];\ egg] cfd ls;fgx?sf] efjgfnfo{ kl/k"lt{ ug{ ] dfu{ lt/ cufl8 al9 /x]sf 5f}+. t/ ls;fgx?sf] cfsf+iff k"0f{?kdf clxn] g} kl/k"lt{ eo;s]sf] cj:yf eg] 5}g. To;sf] nflu xfdl Psbd} bqlrgt ep/ nflu/x]sf 5f} +. ) kl5nnf] cj:yfdf b]zdf /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ls;fg dfem s[lif ;"rgf k' ofpg] dfwod s[lif ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ s]gb xf]. t/ lsg To;f] x'g ;s]g < oxffnfo{ s] cjut u/fpf eg] kl5nnf] ;dodf hgcfsf+iff Ps bd} r'lnpsf] 5. gljtd k ljlwx?sf] k of]u dfkm{t pxf x?n] k sfz ;~h]n k d'v s[lif ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ s]gb rfx]sf] ;"rgf Psbd} l56f] / 5l/P/ /x]sf] ;"rgf Pp6} ynf]af6 kfpg' k5{ egg] pxf x?sf] clwsf/ / dfu klg xf]. t/ clxn] s[lif ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ s]gb sf] ;+/rgfut cj:yf / o;nfo{ lbpsf] of]hgf, pknjw x'g] ah]6, hgzlqm, ; f]t ;fwgx? ;j}df l;ldt 5g\. Tof] l;ldttfsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ ck]iff cg';f/ k efjsf/l x'g g;s]sf] xf]. o;f] egb}df s[lif ;"rgf tyf ;+~rf/ s]gb Psbd} lgik efljt 5,sfd} u/]sf] 5}g egg ljns'n} ldnb}g. xfdln] cfkm} s[lif 4}dfl;s klqsf k sfzg ul//x]sf 5f} + t/ xfdl;fu epsf] k ]; cgtogt} lh0f{ cj:yfdf 5. k ]; ;~rfng ug{sf nflu sf]7fsf] ;d]t cefj 5. k ]; ;~rfng ug{sf nflu hgzlqm Ps hgf dfq /x]sf] cj:yf 5. ToxL Ps hgfsf] e/df xfdln] clxn] ljlegg k sfzg, kdkn]6, klqsf, ;f]n8/ h:tf k ljlwx?;+u 4}dfl;s s[lif klqsf k sfzg ub} cfo{/x]sf 5f}. To;}u/L /]l8of] g]kfn / g]kfn 6]lnlehgdf x/]s lbg ^M$) b]lv ^M%% ;Dd b}lgs s[lif sfo{qmd ;d]t k zf/0f ul//x]sf 5f} +. /]l8of] sfo{qmd ;~rf/ s]gb n] g} ptkfbg ug] { u/]sf] 5. b]ze/l g} kx'fr epsf] g]kfn 6]lnlehg / /]l8of] sfo{qmd xfdl lgoldt g} ug] { ub{5f} eg] gllhsf ;~rf/ dfwodx?nfo{ klg xfdl;+u} lnp/ hfg5f} +. ) s[lif k ljlwsf s'/f ls;fg;dd k' ofpg g;sg'sf] sf/0f hgzlqm cefj g} xf] t < jf:tjdf hgzlqmsf] cefj Pp6f d'vo sf/0f xf] t/ csf{] d'vo sf/0f xfdln] k sfzg ug] { ljlegg k sfzgx? ;dodf g} k sfzg ug{ g;sg'df xfdl;fu epsf] k ]; / To;sf cfwf/e"t cfjzostfx? klg a}1flgs x'g g;s]s} sf/0f xf] k'/fgf] k ]; rnfp/ a:g' k/]sf] 5. xfdln] cfw'lgs k ljlwx?nfo{ c+lusf/ u/]/ xfdln] tof/ u/]sf s[lif k ljlw tyf k fljlws 1fgsf s'/fx?nfo{ xfdln] xfd f] j]j;fo{6 dfkm{t, lkl8pkm kmfon lgdf{0f u/l ;]jfu fxl;dd k' ofpg] sf]lzz ul//x]sf 5f} +. xfdln] x/]s jif{ k sfzg ug] { s[lif 8fo/L, Sofn]08/ ;d]t ls;fgx?sf nflu dxtjk"0f{ ;fdu L ;lxt k sfzg ul//x]sf 5f}. l;ldt >f]t / ;fwgnfo{ s;/l a9l k of]u ug{ ;lsg5 egg]df xfdl 5f} +. ) To;f] ep tkfo{n] s[lif ;"rgfnfo{ km/s 9+un] cufl8 a9fpg' x'g5 < lgzro klg s[lif ;'rgf tyf ;~rf/ s]gb ctogt dxtjk'0f{ lgsfo xf]. jf:tjdf s[lif cgf';gwfg / s[lif k ;f/sf ljifo a:t'nfo{ ls;fg;dd k' ofpg] k'nsf] sfd of] sfof{non] ug' { kb{5. s[lif;+u ;DjGw 5l/P/ /x]sf ;"rgfx?nfo{ Ps} 7fpFdf NofP/ v]tlkftl ;DjlGw ;"rgf xf];\ jf /f]u sl/f ;DjlGw hfgsf/l d"ns ;"rgf ;d]t ls;fgx?n] dfu ugf{ ;fy pknaw u/fpg] ;Sg] u/l xfdln] sfo{qmd cufl8 ;f/]sf 5f}+. xfdln] o; sfof{nonfo{ s[lif ;"rgfsf] xjsf?kdf ljsf; ug] ;f]r agfpsf 5f} +. clxn] d'n's cfkm} ;+qmd0f cj:yfdf 5. vf;u/l ;+3Lotfdf k j]z ub}{ u/]s]f ;Gbe{df 5. ;+3Lotf sfof{gjog;fu} s[lif ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ s]gb 5 jf 5}g egg] ax;sf] ljifo epsf] 5. clxn] xfdl;fu s[lif OlGhlgol/Ësf] ljifodf hfgsf/l lng] ;f]xl lgb] {zgfnofdf k'ug' k/]sf] 5. afnl ;+/If0f jf afnl ljsf;sf] hfgsf/l lng' kg]{ b'j} lgb] {zgfnodf k'ug' k/]s]f 5. o:t} t/sf/l afnl ;DjGwL hfgsf/l lng' k/]df klg t/sf/l ljsf; lgb] {zgfnodf k'ug' kg] { jfwotf 5. Tof] jfwotfnfo{ s[lif ;"rgfn] xn ug] { k oto s;/l ug] { < ;j} s[lifsf hfgsf/l Ps} 7fpFaf6 s;/l lbg ;lsg5 egg]df xfdl nflu/x]s]f 5f} + Tof] u5f} + klg. clxn]sf] goff / gljgtd df]jfo{n PK;sf] k of]u dfkm{t cyjf P;PdP; dfkm{t cyjf xfdl o'6\o'j dfkm{t, km];a's h:tf ;f];n ldl8ofx? dfkm{t klg ls;fgx? jf:tljs ;d:ofdf ;lx ;dodf pxffx?n] vf]h]sf] ;"rgf k jfx ug{ ] ;f]r xfd f] xf]. ) To;f] ep cj x'g] ;+l3otfdf s[lif ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ s]gb sf] ;+/rgf s:tf] x'g5 < of] clxn] 5nkmnsf] ljifodf /x]sf] 5. ;+l3otf cufl8 uo{/x]sf] k ;+udf s]gb df glltut Joa:yfsf] nflu k b]zx?df ;~rfng ul/g] o:tf s[lif ;'rgf s]gb ;DalGw sfo{qmdx? nfo{ glltut k[i6kf]if0f ug]{ lt lgsfox?n] ul/ cfpsf sfdx? cg'udg ug]{ ul/ lgods lgsfosf?kdf s[lif ;'rgf tyf ;~rf/ s]gb dgqfnosf] dxfzfvf cyjf o:t} 5'6\6} lgsfosf]?kdf /xg plrt x'g5. t/ o:n] clxn] ul/ cfpsf cfkm} k sfzgsf] sfd klg ug] {, k zf/0fsf] sfd klg ug] {, cgo sfof{gjogsf sfd ;a} lhdd]jf/lx? lng] lsl;dsf] Tolt 7"nf] e"ldsf lng' x' +b}g. clxn] h'gsfd s[lif ;'rgf tyf ;~rf/ s]gb n] ul//x]sf] 5 o:tf sfdx? k b]zdf g} /xg] u/l /fvbf pko'qm x'g5. lw/]gb a:g]t kz' cfxf/sf] cefj x'g] ;dodf ;fo{n]h ptkfbg u/l b"w ptkfbg a[l4 u/f} +. hglxtsf nflu kz' ;]jf ljefu / s[lif ;fktflxs Contact: Ph:+ 977-01-5538748,9851066977 Fax: + 977-01-5534428 Email: nafseeds@gmail.com /www.nafseed.com xa a f]8sfl:6ª\ k f=ln=åf/f k sflzt, sfof{nom afuahf/, kmf]g g+m (*%!)%($%%,kf]=j=g+=m$#!@, O{ d]nm sajnepal@gmail.com, d'b 0fM Zj]tsfnL 5fkfvfgf, sfo{sf/l ;Dkfbs M of]u]gb k tfk zfxl ;DkfbsM j}s'07 e08f/l