United States History Chapter 1
Native Americans (Indians) North - Inuit and Alelut Northwest Coast- relied on natural resources such as salmon California- small bands fish flour from acorns- beans from mesquite plant Plateau- between the Cascade and Rocky mountains- Great Basin- Between Rockies and Sierra Nevada- dry area- food was scarce
Indians Southwest- Hopi and Navaho dry environment Plains- Mandans- Pawneeused dogs as pack animalshunting and gathering Northeast- Iroquois- Southeast- swamp to sea coastcorn- fish
Indian religion Shared a belief that the most powerful forces in the world were spiritual Planting- choosing a mateburying their dead- followed a strict traditional religious practices or rituals
Indian history Oral history history was passed down by the spoken language from one generation to the next. Elders told stories sang songs or passed down instructions for ceremonies
Indians and land One item that was never traded was land Land could not be owned
English Explorers John Cabot- an Italian who was sailing for the English was the first explorer to cross the Atlantic Henry Hudson- in 1609 he explored the region around present day New York. The Hudson river area. He was searching for a northwest passage Sir Francis Drake- was a privateerthey raided Spanish ships. He raided St. Augustine in Florida and several other ports cities in the Americas. Became the first English explorer to sail around the world
Colonizing America England needed bases from which they could attack the Spanish Seeking a northwest passage English merchants needed new markets for their goods Homeland was becoming too crowded
Jamestown 1607 this was the first permanent English colony in the North America Charter company- they had to get the king permission to establish a colony Joint Stock venture- a company was funded and run by investors who share the company s profits and loses This company was called the Virginia Company
Jamestown About 100 men were sent to this colony in 1607 They started the settlement about 60 miles from the mouth of the James River in the Chesapeake Bay area
Jamestown s problems Location- drew their water from swamps problem with mosquitoes Starvation- lack of food needed the help of the Indians to survive Poor leadership-
Royal colony Royal - governor appointed by the king Legislature- elected by the colony House of Burgesses- began in 1619
Tobacco Cash crop- growing a crop for money John Rolfe- brought tobacco seeds into the Virginia colony and was soon raising and sending tobacco back to England In 1616 they shipped 2500 pounds and in 1618 they shipped 50,000 pounds Needed workers- Indentured servants- were workers who got their voyage paid for by working for a plantation owner for a number of years
Bacon s Rebellion The need for more land to raise tobacco caused problems with the governor s desire to live peacefully with the Indians Bacon decided that they would take the land from the Indians and battle the governor also This revolt ended with the death of Nathaniel Bacon
Plymouth colony Puritans settled this area in Massachusetts They came over on the Mayflower in 1620 Did not believe in religious tolerance This area is called New England and included the States of Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine
Mayflower Compact An agreement between the settlers to obey the laws of the government
Rhode Island Roger Williams broke away from the puritan colony in Massachusetts and formed a colony in Rhode Island that was tolerant of other religions
Middle colonies New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware Commerce- trading- ship building- some farming
Southern Colonies Virginia, Maryland, Carolinas and Georgia Agriculture was the primary business Cash crops- large farms or plantations