Cashew Value Chain Cashew Collection of s and Cashew apples Trader Cashew apple Drying of Cashew apple Juice Shells Processing Units Cashew Kernels Wholes, Splits, Bits Cashew apple candy Cashew apple wine Sugar coated cashew nuts Roasted and salted cashew nuts Cashew Butter Cashew apple Pomase (Animal feed) Shell Liquid CSNL based Products (Resin, Cardenol) Export Market Domestic Market
Level- I: Drying 1 End use: Post harvest Treatment-Drying of cashew nut to storage/processing moisture level Raw cashew nut when picked from the orchards has high moisture content and required to be dried before processing and / or storage. Dried cashew nut fetches a correct price (higher price). Status: The product is a ready for marketing as raw material for Cashew nut processing factories. Dried raw nuts are also exported directly. 3 Technology: Technology is simple and very well established. is harvested / picked during summer season when there is good sunshine, Sun drying is the normal practice. A Cement concrete drying yard is used for drying cashew nuts. About 20 Kg/m 2 is spread with frequent turning of the nuts using garden poker or a shovel. 4 Equipment: Only equipment needed for sun drying of cashew nuts is a shovel and pokers for frequent turning of the nuts in the drying yard. Mechanical dryers can be used but the costs involved may not justify the use of mechanical dryers for cashew nuts. 5 Investment: Low investment
6 Markets The product is mainly for domestic market. The product can also be exported. In Cambodia there is only one cashew nut processing unit of 4-tones/day capacity. Thus if nut production is more than 1000 tones per year it has to be exported till such time more processing units are established. There appear to be good demand from the neighboring countries. Level I: processing unit - Primary Processing of 1 End use: Cashew Kernels Cashew kernels are ready to eat products and can be used in almost food preparations. Cashew Kernels are also the basic raw material in the production of cashew nut butter. Further Value addition to the Kernels is possible by roasting and salting the nuts or sugar coating the nuts. Cashew kernels and other value added kernels can be packed under nitrogen / Carbon dioxide for enhancing the shelf life. Such nuts are usually priced higher. Cashew shells (Waste from the processing of cashew nut) is used for the manufacture of Cashew shell resin (CSNL) or used as fuel in the processing unit itself. Status: The product is a ready to market / use product and can also be an intermediate product in the manufacture of roasted, coated nuts and cashew butter. 3 Technology: Technology is very well established and is available as part of the plant and machinery. However both technology production and plant machinery have to be imported. India can supply technology and plant and machinery for cashew nut processing as well as for CSNL and other down stream products. Apna Industries and Gayathri Enterprises are the few suppliers from India). Sri Lanka Development Board also provides technology and Machinery for processing cashew nut.
4 Equipment: Equipment has to be imported from other countries such as India, Vietnam, Thailand, Italy and Sri Lanka. Italy can supply a continuous shelling machine for cashew nut. Indian Institute f Technology at Kharagpur, India has developed a Continuous shelling machine for cashew nut. 5 Investment: Medium investment: US $ 50,000 to $ 100,000 depending upon the capacity and product mix. 6 Markets The product is for domestic market as well as for export. Level- II Value added products from Cashew kernels roasted ad coated cashew nuts 1 End use: Value added product from cashew kernel Roasted and salted nuts as well as Sugar coated nuts are mainly used as tea time snack Status: The product is a ready to market. 3 Technology: Technology is very well established and is simple technology. The equipment needed can be locally fabricated.
4 Equipment: Equipment required is roasting pan or rotating type roaster either electrical or gas fired, Coating Pans and salting pans and vacuum packing machine. The equipment can be locally fabricated or can be imported from neighboring countries. 5 Investment: Low investment. (Investment in Plant and Machinery id in the range of $ 5000 - $15000 depending upon the capacity) 6 Markets The product is mainly for domestic market. The product can also be exported. Level- II Utilization of Cashew apple for the production of Juice, Cashew apple candy and jam. 1 End use: Value added product from cashew apple Cashew apple is rich in vitamin C (5-7 times more than that of oranges). Cashew apple juice, jam and candy are therefore rich sources of vitamin C and can find ready market like other similar products. Status: The product is a ready to market.
3 Technology: Technology is very well established and is simple technology. The technology is available from Philippines, Brazil and from India (CFTRI). The astringent and acrid taste of cashew fruit has been traced to the tannin content and an unidentified oily substance. Two successful methods for removing bad flavors are to steam for 5 minutes at 0.4 kg/m3 plus subsequent cold water rinsing, and to cook the fruit in a 2% common salt solution for 3-4 minutes. Cooking in the salt solution results in a slight salty taste. a third method, tannin precipitation with gelatin added to juice has also been successful. The process for Jam and candy is similar to that of other fruit jams and candies. 4 Equipment: A hand-operated, home-constructed fruit juice expeller developed in the Philippines is reportedly capable of processing 138 kg fruit per hour and yielded 109 liters juice/h. Approximately 30-40% of the fruit by weight remains after the juice is extracted. CFTRI Mysore, India; has developed a large-scale juice extractor for cashew apple. The equipment for Jam and candies can be locally fabricated. 5 Investment: Low Medium investment. (Investment in Plant and Machinery is in the range of $ 8000 - $50000 depending upon the capacity) 6 Markets The product is mainly for domestic market. The product can also be exported. The residue after juice extraction can be used as animal feed ingredient. Level- II Utilization of Cashew apple for the production of Cashew apple wine. 1 End use: Value added product from cashew apple Cashew apple is rich in vitamin C (5-7 times more than that of oranges). Cashew apple wine is potable liquor. Status: The product is a ready to market.
3 Technology: Technology is very well established and is simple technology. The technology is available from Philippines, Brazil and from India (CFTRI). The astringent and acrid taste of cashew fruit has been traced to the tannin content and an unidentified oily substance. Two successful methods for removing bad flavors are to steam for 5 minutes at 0.4 kg/m3 plus subsequent cold water rinsing, and to cook the fruit in a 2% common salt solution for 3-4 minutes. Cooking in the salt solution results in a slight salty taste. a third method, tannin precipitation with gelatin added to juice has also been successful. Juice is fermented in a similar manner like Palm juice or grape juice. Fermented juice is filtered and bottled and is known as Cashew apple wine. Wine is further concentrated in Pot stills to produce Cashew apple brandy. Technology is available from CFTRI, Mysore, India. 4 Equipment: The Plant and machinery for the production of Cashew apple wine and brandy need to be imported from India, Brazil or the Philippines. 5 Investment: Medium to High investment. (Investment in Plant and Machinery is in the range of $ 50000 - $100000 depending upon the capacity) 6 Markets The product is mainly for domestic market. The product can also be exported. Level- III Products from Cashew Nut Shell-CSNL, Resin, Dusting Powder and Cardenol 1 End use: Waste / By product ( Shell) utilization and Value added product from cashew nut shell liquid
CNSL is used in the manufacture of brake linings, industrial belting and clutches, reinforcing synthetic rubber, for oil and acid resistance, in lacquers, in electrical insulation material, as a metal anti-corrosive material, for waterproofing and as an adhesive. The use of CNSL in varnishes, lacquers, paints and brake linings requires distillation and further refinement. Also, due to the requirement of large amounts of solvent it would be more economic to import synthetic resin into developing countries. CNSL exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and weak antifungal activity against molds. Traditionally it is to treat such scurvy, sores, warts, ringworm and psoriasis. It could be a source of new antimicrobial agents, especially for use in foods and cosmetics. Status: 3 Technology: The product is a ready to market. Technology is very well established and is available from Machinery suppliers. Apna Industries, Chennai is one such technology provider. Technology can also be got from National Research and Development Council (NRDC), New Delhi. 4 Equipment: Plant and Machinery is available from M/s Apna Industries, Chennai, India 5 Investment: Medium High investment. (Investment in Plant and Machinery is in the range of $ 50000 - $150000 depending upon the capacity) 6 Markets The product is mainly for export market (USA and Europe)