Phosphorus relese from iohrs prepred from rie husks, grpe pome nd olive tree prunings Ionn Mnolikki, Argirios Mngolis, Evn Dimdopoulos Shool of Environmentl Engineering Tehnil University of Crete, Greee CYPRUS 2016 SSWM Conferene
WHAT IS BIOCHAR? Biohr (BC) is high ron solid produed y pyrolysis of iomss nd intended for soil pplitions AGRONOMIC APPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS Biohr inreses the pity of the soil holding wter nd nutrients reduing the need for fertilizers Mro nd mironutrients retined in iohr ould e relesed nd mde ville to the plnts BC is potentil P soil mendment s reserves of phosphorus rih ores will eome depleted in 30 100 yers CYPRUS 2016 SSWM Conferene Atmospheri ron sink mitigting limte hnge Estimted residene time of ron in soil: 200 1000 yers Redution of N 2 O emissions from soil (strong greenhouse gs) Adsorent in wter phse (low grde tivted ron)
OBJECTIVES Prodution of iohr vi pyrolysis from Rie husks (RH) Grpe pome (GP) Olive tree prunings (OP) Relese of P lredy present in iohr nd rw iomss in wter Bth desorption nd suessive lehing experiments Do P lehed iohrs hve the potentil to eome sorents of fertilizer P? Agronomi pplition of iohr for ultivtion of ryegrss CYPRUS 2016 SSWM Conferene
EXPERIMENTAL PART Biomss pyrolysis temperture: 300 C nd 500 C Phosphte desorption/lehing tests Bth desorption kinetis (Biomss/Biohr : Wter = 1:100) Suessive lehing experiments (4 suessive extrtions; Contt time: 24 h) Phosphte sorption experiments Completely lehed GP 300 nd RH 300 iohr smples Cultivtion of ryegrss (Lolium perenne L.) Two types of soil: Sndy lom, Lom Presene (2%) nd sene of iohr Presene (2%) nd sene of ompost Additionl fertiliztion (N nd miro nutrients) or not CYPRUS 2016 SSWM Conferene
RESULTS Properties of rw iomss nd iohrs BIOCHARS Units Rie husk Grpe pome Olive tree prunings 300 0 C 500 0 C 300 0 C 500 0 C 300 0 C 500 0 C C % 44.00 35.70 46.60 19.90 50.2 31.6 N % 2.00 0.88 1.60 0.74 1.45 0.95 Ash % 63.54 91.25 25.67 48.39 31.3 43.8 ph 7.50 7.60 10.80 11.00 10.00 11.00 EC S/m 265 252 1058 528 204 204 RAW BIOMASS Units Rie husk Grpe pome Olive tree prunings C % 37.00 49.60 55.50 N % 0.43 2.00 0.65 Ash % 4.73 1.82 2.22 ph 6.10 5.00 5.80 EC μs/m 118.6 207 153.5 As reeived sis Dry sis CYPRUS 2016 SSWM Conferene
Nutrient ontent of rw iomss nd iohr smples y ICP MS Nutrient Units Rw iomss/biohrs OP-R OP-300 OP-500 RH-R RH-300 RH-500 GP-R GP-300 GP-500 P mg g -1 0.65 4.36 5.34 0.21 1.80 3.48 0.99 3.63 5.99 Mg mg g -1 0.47 5.99 6.09 0.18 0.65 1.09 0.77 4.86 6.93 K mg g -1 4.95 65.9 64.2 4.5 14.5 20.5 29.1 164.7 219.2 C mg g -1 0.11 3.18 3.18 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.10 1.13 1.72 Mn mg g -1 0.01 0.17 0.16 0.09 0.34 0.35 0.01 0.12 0.17 Fe mg g -1 0.03 0.53 0.62 0.01 0.08 0.18 0.06 1.75 2.64 Cu mg g -1 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.02 1.37 Zn mg g -1 0.01 0.15 0.13 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.15 OP R: Olive tree prunings Rw iomss; OP 300: Olive tree prunings Biohr 300; OP 500: Olive tree prunings Biohr 500; RH R: Rie husk Rw iomss ; RH 300: Rie husk Biohr 300; RH 500: Rie husk Biohr 500; GP R: Grpe pome Rw iomss; GP 300: Grpe pome Biohr 300; GP 500: Grpe pome Biohr 500 CYPRUS 2016 SSWM Conferene
Kinetis of P desorption Unpyrolyzed grpe pome nd rie husk iohrs t 300 0 C nd 500 0 C showed the highest P desorption level in th experiments CYPRUS 2016 SSWM Conferene
Cumultive wter volume (ml) Cumultive wter volume (ml) Cumultive wter volume (ml) 600 450 300 150 600 450 300 150 600 450 300 150 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 Lehed P (mg g 1 iohr) 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 Lehed P (mg g 1 iohr) 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 Lehed P (mg g 1 iohr) A. RH 500 RH 300 RH R B. GP 500 GP 300 GP R C. OP 500 OP 300 OP R Suessive lehing of P A ontinuous relese of P from ll iohrs s ompred to rw iomss smples, where the highest onentrtions were deteted during the first extrtion. Biohrs, t 500 C, lehed more P in ll four extrtions, ompred to iohrs t 300 C, prt from olive tree prunings iohrs, where oth pyrolysis tempertures presented similr trend. CYPRUS 2016 SSWM Conferene
Sorption of P on lehed iohrs Sorption of P on lehed iohrs ws not oserved. CYPRUS 2016 SSWM Conferene
Shoot yield ording to tretment Shoot yield (g dry mtter pot 1) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 d de de Sndy lom de e de d 3rd Hrvest 2nd Hrvest 1st Hrvest Tretments At the end of the 3 rd hrvest, pplition of ompost/iohr provided fertiliztion in the sene of dditionl Phosphorus t sttistilly signifine differene Yet, fertiliztion with N nd miro nutrients ws still neessry CYPRUS 2016 SSWM Conferene
CONCLUSIONS Relese of phosphtes vries with iohr type. All six iohrs showed ontinuous phosphte relese into the wter phse. Both iohrs tested (fter previously eing lehed from their P ontent) showed smll dditionl P sorption pity, therefore they ould not e hrterized sorents of fertilizer P. Agronomi pplition of ompost/iohr provided phosphorus to lom soil. BUT The effiieny of iohr gronomi pplitions depends on Type of soil Type of iohr Additionl nutrients/soil onditioners Environmentl onditions CYPRUS 2016 SSWM Conferene