x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com g]kfnsf] klxnf] Nepal's First Agriculture Weekly jif{ ^ cí #% @)&$ s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl{ agfcf}+, gjf}+ /fli6«o cfn"==== r}q!( ut] ;f]daf/ April 2, 2018 k/dk/fut xf]og Joj;flos agf}+, # d"no?=!) s'/fsf] v]tl xf]og, c3f{vffrlsf Psn==== % v]tlsf] s'/f u/f}+. In lowa's GOP Agriculture.. ^ goff ;+/rgfsf] 9fFrfn] s[lif If]q c:tjo:t x'g] ;+s]t b'o{ bh{g ;x;lrj ;lxt xhf/f}+ k fljlws k]08'nd sf7df8f}+. d'n's ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf uo;s]sf] cj:yffdf ;f]xl cg'?k sd{rf/lnfo{ v6g k6g ubf{ k fljlws sd{rf/lx?nfo{ eg] ljnnlaf7 kfl/psf] 5. To;dfly klg s[lif tyf kz'kg5l dgqfno dftxtdf sfd ug]{ k fljlws sd{rf/lx?sf]?jfjf;l g} epsf] 5. ljutdf u/]sf] sfdsf] d"nof+sg gepkl5 s[lif tyf kz' ;]jfdf sfo{/t k fljlws sd{rf/l oltv]/ hflu/ vfg] sl /fhlgfdf lbp/ hffbf a]z x'g5 egg] cj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf 5g\. :yfglo txsf sd{rf/lnfo{ kl/rfng ug]{ gfddf k zf;lgs sd{rf/lx?sf] lyrf]ldrf]df k fljlws sd{rf/l k/]sf 5g\. @% xhf/ egbf a9l hg;+vof epsf] # ;o #$ ufpfkflnsfdfdf Ps hgf hgf klg s[lif tyf kz' ;]jf tkm{sf sd{rf/lnfo{ v6fopsf] 5}g. hjsl ToxL ufpfkflnsfdf s[lif tyf kz' ;]jf tkm{sf sd{rf/lsf] a9l cfjzos kb{5. To:t} u/l @% xhf/egbf dflysf] hg;vof epsf]! ;o @^ ufpfkflnsf klg ;f] ;]jfsf sd{rf/lnfo{ v6fopsf] 5}g @% xhf;dd hg;+vvf epsf] ufpfkflnsf, gu/kflnsfdf klg s[lif tyf kz' ;]jf tkm{sf sd{rf/lsf] b/jgbl x6fopsf] 5. kl5nnf] ;dodf tof/ kfl/psf] sd{rf/l ;+/rgf 9fFrf x]g]{ xf] s[lif ljsf; dgqfno / s[lif tyf kz' ;]jfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/lsf] cf}lrto ;dfkt g} epsf] 5. d'n'snfo{ s[lif k wfg egg] clg s[lif cftdlge{/ agfpg] egg] ;/sf/sf] efif0f Tolta]nf ;dfkt eof] hj ls;fgsf] b}nf]df ;]jf k' ofpg] k fljlwsx?nfo{ k]08'nd agfpg] ;+/rgf agfoof]. s[lif ptkfbg a9fpgsf nflu s[lif k fljlws ljgf ;Dej xf]nf < clg df;'df cftdlge{/ x'g kz' lrlst;s jf kz' k fljlwsx?sf] ;]jf tnnf] tx;dd k'ug' cfjzos 5 ls 5}g < 5 eg] :yfglo lgsfodf v6fopsf] sd{rf/lx?df s[lif tyf kz' k fljlwsx? vf]o{ < s] clxn] tof/ ul/psf] ;+/rgfn] g]kfn s[lifdf cftdlge{/ x'g] ;Defjgf g} 5}g. klxnf] s'/f ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{x?n] lhnnf ag sfof{no xnrn u/]gg\ a? d'n'ssf] cfly{s ;d[l4sf nflu dxtjk"0f{ dflgpsf] kz' ;]jf sfof{no / s[lif ljsf; sfof{nonfo{ lgld6\ofgg kfg]{ k of; ul/psf] 5. :yfglo lgsfodf ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ k Tof]hg u/l k zf;lgs sd{rf/lsf] e/df :yfglo tx ;~rfng ug{ vf]lhpsf] 5 h;n] eljiodf 7"nf] c;/ kg]{ b]lvg5. clxn] tof/ ul/psf] ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgfx? x]g]{ xf] eg] s[lif, e"ld Joj:yf tyf ;xsf/l dgqfnodf /x]sf] s[lif tyf kz'kg5 ;]jf tkm{ s/lj @^ hgf ;x;lrj, @ ;o $( hgf pk;lrj, $ ;o %# hgf zfvf clws[t / xhf/f}+ k f; tyf gfk f;nfo{ k]08'nd agfpg k of; ul/psf] 5. g]kfnsf] s"n u fx{:y ptkfbgdf dxtjk"0f{ of]ubfg k' ofpg] If]qnfO{ h'g lsl;dsf] s'bl[ i6n] x]l/psf] 5 To;n] 7"nf] ;+s6 lgdtofpg] s'/fdf b'od{ t 5}g ls < kz'kg5l ;]jfsf nflu @% ca{ cfjzos sf7df8f}+, r}q. b'o{ jif{ cufl8 s]kl zdf{ cf]nlsf] g]t[tjdf dfcf]jfbl ;lddlnt u7jgwgsf] ;/sf/n] s[lif ljsf; dgqfnonfo{ ljefhg u/l kz'kg5l ljsf; dgqfno :yfkgf u/]sf] lyof]. oltv]/ d'n's ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf cufl8 a9];fu} s]kl zdf{ cf]nls} g]t[tjdf dfcf]jfbl ;lddlnt ;/sf/n] kz'kg5l ljsf; dgqfnosf] gfd lgzfgf g} d]6fo{lbpsf] 5. x'g t ;+ l jwfgn] lbpsf] If] q flwsf/ / dgqfnosf] ;+ V of 36fpg] qmddf kz' k G5L ljsf; dgqfno dh{ epsf] epklg dgqfnosf] goff gfdfs/0f ul//xf b f cl:ttj g} gfd] 6 kfg' { slt plrt lyof] Tof] ljzn] i f0f xf] n f jf gxf] n f ;don] g} atfpg] 5. t/ clxn] ag]sf] s[lif, e"ld Joj:yf tyf ;xsf/l dgqfnosf] kz'kg5l ;]jfnfo{ lj:tf/ ug{sf nflu eg] cfufdl cfly{s jif{sf nflu s/lj @% cj{?k}off ah]6sf] sfo{qmd dfu ug]{ tof/l ul/psf] dgqfnosf] kz' ;]jf tkm{sf] of]hgf dxfzfvfn] hgfpsf] 5. kz'kg5l dgqfnosf] ljsf;sf ;"rgf clwsf/l 8f k lbkrgb e /fo{sf cg';f/ ;+3Lo, k fb]lzs / :yfglo tlgj6} txsf nflu pqm /sd a/fa/sf] ah]6 cfjzos /x]sf] atfp. ljutdf b"w, df;' / c08fdf tlg jif{leq cftdlge{/ x'g ;Sg] egb} :yfkgf u/]s]f dgqfnosf] gfd lg;fgf g} d]l6lbpsf] cj:yfdf cfufdl cfly{s jif{sf nlfu ;f] ah]6 b]nf t <
@ ;DkfbsLo cf]/f]nf] nfub} s[lif If]q d'n's ;+3Lo 9fFrfdf cufl8 al9;s]sf] 5. l;+xb/af/sf] clwsf/ ufpfkflnsf;dd k' ofpg] efif0f, gllt lgodsf] rrf{ / kl/rrf{ g;'g]sf] klg xf]og. t/ d'n'snfo{ cfly{s ;d[l4 Pj+ cftdlge{/ agfpg] Pp6f k d'v If]qsf?kdf /x]sf] s[lif tyf kz' ;]jf If]q eg] ;+3Lotfdf v'ldrpsf] 5. l;+xb/af/sf] clwsf/ ufpf k'ug' kg]{ of] If]q clxn] g t ufpfdf k'ug] b]lvpsf] 5 gt l;+xb/af/ leq /xg] b]lvpsf] 5. ls;fg;fu k ToIf hf]l8p/ sfd ug'{ kg]{ s[lif tyf kz';]jfnfo{ /fhon] v'drofpg] k otg ul//x]sf] b]lvg5. h'g jt{dfg sd{rf/lsf] ;dfof]hgsf gfd ul/psf] efua08fn] k i6 kf/]sf] 5. d'n's xffsg] k zf;g ;+ogqn] h] u/]klg x'g5 egg] x}sdjfbsf] of] HjnGt pbfx/0f klg xf]. :yfglo txdf clwsf/ ;lxt ah]6 ;d]t k7fo{;s]sf] cj:yffdf s[lif tyf kz';]jf sd{rf/l :yfglo txsf k7fpg' kb{5 egg] x]ssf k zf;g ;+ogqn] ga'em]sf x'g\ of st}sf] lgb]{zgdf d'n'snfo{ k/lge{/ agfpg] l8hfo{gdf To;f] epsf] xf] < x'g t s[lif tyf kz';]jfdf sfo{/t prr sd{rf/lx?sf] cxd\tfn] klg jt{dfg l:yt lgdtofpsf] xf] egbf klg km/s kb}{g. cfkm\gf] dgqfno leq z]/ x'g] prr sd{rf/lx? ;fdfgo k zf;g dgqfno jf cy{ jf To:t} dgqfnodf k'u]eg] k'rr/ n'sfpg] :ofn h:tf epsf sf/0f klg clxn] s[lif tyf kz' ;]jf cl:ttj ;+s6sf] cj:yfdf 5g\. ljutdf bz} / ljz]if kj{df dfq sfpnl vfg] prr sd{rf/lx? clxn]!@ dlxgf sfpnl vfg kfpg] cj:yfsf] ;[hgf ToxL s[lifsf] ljsf; xf] egg] x]ssf /fvg ;s]sf 5}gg\. clg s[lif If]qs]f dxtj s] 5 egg] a'emfpg g;sg] s[lif lj1 / dgqfnosf hflu/]x?sf sf/0f cjsf] s]xl jif{df d'n's s[lifdf cftdlge{/ xf]og k'/} k/lge{/ agg] ;+s]t b]lvpsf] 5. h'g ;+3Lo u0ftgq g]kfnsf nflu b'ef{uo x'fb} 5. vfbfgg ptkfbg ug]{ ls;fg;fu k ToIf hf]l8psf k fljlws sd{rf/lx?nfo{ :yfglo txdf v6fpg] k of; gul/g' / To:tf sd{rf/l s/f/df /fvg ;lsg] Pp6f a'fbf /fv]/ :yfglo txnfo{ lgb]{zg lbg] ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] k5'tfpg w]/} ;do s'g'{ kg]{ 5}g. d'n'snfo{ cftdlge{/ agfpg' egbf k/lge{/ agfp/ ljb]zlsf] bnfn agg] xf}l;psf s]xl JolQmsf] kmgbfdf oltv]/ k zf;g ;+ogq nflu/x]sf] cf/f]k cj cfpg] 5. ufpfkflnsfdf kz'df dxfdf/l k}mlnof] eg] jf j8{ˆn' h:tf /f]u, vf]/]t jf To:t} cgo /f]un] dxfdf/l km}lnof] eg] ufpfkflnsfsf k zf;gsf clws[tx?n] s] unf{g\ < g]kfnl sfuhdf l6kk0fl p7fp/ dxfdf/l /f]lspnf t < ;DjlGwt lgsfon] clgtd?k lb+b} u/]sf] sd{rf/l ;+/rgfdf a]n}df Wofg k' ofpg' cfjzos 5. cfˆg} ;"rgf g]kfnsf] klxnf] s[lif sf?kdf k sflzt s[lif df tkfofsf If]qsf ep u/]sf s[lif If]q;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgf ;dfrf/ jf n]v /rgfx? 5g\ eg] xfdlnfo{ laxlaf/leq k7fpg'x'g cg'/f]w ul/g5. s[lif, cgfdgu/ kmf]g M )! $&&))%( ;Dks{ Od]nM sajnepal@gmail.com Web: www.krishionline.com!_kl/ro M ;fdfgotof y'g]nf] eggfn] y'g tyf snrf}8f]sf] ;+qmd0fnfo{ hgfp5, eg] l66 l8lkësf] zflabs cy{ y'g rf]kg' jf y'g 8'afpg' egg] a'lemg5. y'g]nf] /f]uaf6 cfly{s Iflt w]/} x'g] epsf]n] of] ufo{e};lsf] nflu ;j}egbf dxfuf] /f]usf]?kdf lnog5. :tgwf/l ;j}df of] /f]u nfug] ep klg b'wfn' ufo{e};ldf o; /f]usf] k sf]k a9l b]lvg5. y'g]nf] /f]un] ufo{e}+;lsf] y'g tyf snrf}8f] ;'lggg], /ftf], tftf] / b'vg] x'g5. b"w cfpg agb x'g5, b"w ptkfbg 36\5. b'wdf lkk, /ut, 5f]qmf cfpg] ug'{sf] ;fy} s'g} s'g} y'gdf 3fp ep/ v:g] ;d]t x'g5. o;/l b"w lbg] cj:yfsf] ufo{e};ldf of] /f]u nfubf cfly{s gf]s;fgl w]/} x'g] / cgo ufo{e};ldf klg ;g{ ;Sg] epsf]n] 8]/L kmfd{nfo{ w/f;fol agfpgsf] ;fy} o;sf] c;/ b"uw pbf]unfo{ ;d]t kg{ hfg5. eg] csf]{ tkm{ y'g]nf] /f]u nfu]sf] kz'sf] b"w dfgj :jf:yosf]nflu xflgsf/s x'g5. ufo{e};l kfns s[ifsx?sf] nflu y'g]nf] -Mas s_ Psbd ;d:ofsf]?kdf b]vf k/]sf] /f]u xf]. o;sf] d'vo sf/s hljf0f' / 9';L ep klg b'wfn' kz'sf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug{ g;sbf o;sf] ;d:of x'g] epsf]n] o;nfo{ Joj:yfksLo /f]u -Managemental disease_ sf] gfdn] klg kl/lrt 5. of] /f]un] b'wfn' e};l kfns s[ifsx?nfo{ egbf ufo{ kfns s[ifs nfo{ a9l x}/fgl kf/]sf] x'g5. lsg eg] e};lsf] k'/} y'g sfd gnfug] cj:yfdf k'u] klg b"w ptkfbgsf] nflu cg'ko'tm eptf klg df;'sf] nflu laqml ug{ ;lsg5 / s]xl k};f cfpf5 t/ ufo{ kfns s[ifssf] nflu s'g} pkfo 5}g a? yk af]em dfq ylkg5. o;/l o:tf] eofgs cfly{s xfgl gf]s;fglaf6 argsf] nflu o; /f]usf] /f]syfd ug'{ g} pko'tm x'g5. o;sf] nflu l66 l8lkë y'g rf]kg] y'g 8'afpg] k ljlw pko'tm Pj+ pkof]ul ;fljt eo{;s]sf] 5. g]kfn s[lif cg';gwfg kl/ifbn] -Nepal Agriculture Research Council NARC_ l66 l8lkë k ljlw l;kmfl/; u/l ;s]sf] lgs} ;do ep klg o;sf] Jofks?kdf k rf/ k ;f/ eo{ ;s]sf] eg] kfo{b}g. o;sf nflu kf]lel8g cfof]l8g ( efu / lun;l/g! efu -!)=+! cg'kft _ emf]n tof/l u/l o; emf]ndf y'gx? 8'afpg] ubf{ y'g]nf] /f]syfd x'g5. l66 l8lkë k ljlwsf] k of]un] y'g]nf] /f]syfd x'g'sf] ;fy} :jr5 l66 l8lkë k ljlwaf6 ufo{ e}+;lsf] y'g]nf] /f]usf] /f]uyfd af;'b]j gfy b"w ptkfbgdf ;d]t ;xof]u k'ug hfg5. of] k ljlw ;:tf], ;'ne, ;/n, lskmfolt / k efjsf/l x'bf x'b} klg Aofks?kdf ufo{e};l kfns s[ifsx? dfem ;"rgf k jfx x'g g;sbf k efjsf/l?kdf k of]u epsf] kfob}g. o;sf] Jofks k rf/ k ;f/ ug]{ d'vo lhdd]jf/l kz' ;]jfdf ;+nug ;Dk"0f{ k ljlwsx?sf] x'g cfp5. -@_ y'g]nf] /f]u M /f]u nufpg] ;'Id hljf0f' y'g leq k;]/ snrf}8fdf ug]{ v/fal cj:yf xf]. snrf}8f] ;'lggg] jf o;jf6 lg:sg] b"wsf] u'0fdf km/s kfg]{ /f]u y'g]nf] xf]. kz'sf] snrf}8fdf c;/ ug]{ :6fkmfOnf]sf]s; - S t a p h y l o c o c c u s _, :6]K6f]sf]s; Streptococcus_ / dfo{sf]knfhdfsf] Mycoplasma_ sf/0fn] nfug] /f]u y'g]nf] xf]. b'wfn' ufo{e};lx?sf] kmffrf] tyf y'gdf hljf0f'x?n] ;+qmd0f u/l y'g tyf kmffrf] ;'lgg uo{ b"w ptkfbg sd tyf agb epsf] cj:yfnfo{ y'g]nf] -Mas s) elgg5. snrf}8f] ;'lgg',jf ;+qmd0f x'g'nfo{ y'g]nf] elgg5. -@=!_ y'g]nf]sf lsl;d M ;fdfgotof y'g]nf]nfo{ b'o{ lsl;ddf laefhg u/]sf] kfo{g5. h:t}m -s_ nif0f b]lvg] y'g]nf]- Clinical mas s_ nif0f b]lvg] y'g]nf]df lgdg nif0f b]vf kb{5g\ M b'w kftnf] jf kfgl h:tf], kx]nf], /ut ldl;psf], blx h:tf],lkk ld;lpsf] n]b f jf 5f]qmf cfpf5. y'g tyf snrf}8f] /ftf],tftf], ;'lggpsf] / b'vg] eo{ kz'n] y'g ;dfpg glbo{ plk mg] u5{. y'gdf luvf{,uff7f] b]vf kg]{, ;fx f] x'g], b"w sd cfpg] jf gcfpg] u5{. cfvfn] gb]lvg] y'g]nf] -Sub clinical mas s_ sf] clgtd?kdf b]vf k5{. pkrf/ ;kmn gepdf snrf}8f] 9'Ëf h:tf] ;fx f] eo{ b'w agb x'g5. o; lsl;dsf] y'g]nf]n] @) #) Ü ;Dd Iflt u/fpb5. -8f=9sfn_ -v_ cffvfn] gb]lvg] y'g]nf] -Sub clinical Mas s_ cf+vfn] gb]lvg] y'g]nf]df lgdg nif0f b]vf kb{5g\ M o; lsl;dsf] y'g]nf]df cffvfn] b]lvg] y'g]nf]df b]lvg] s'g} klg nif0fx? b]lvb}g. b'w ptkfbgdf sdl x'g5. of] w]/} epkl5 cffvfn] b]lvg] y'g]nf]df kl/0ft x'g5. of] cffvfn] b]lvg] y'g]nf]sf] k f/ldes?k xf]. of] vf; u/l O{sf]nfO-E.Coli_ hljf0f'sf] sf/0fn] nfub5. o;n] &) *)Ü ;Dd Iflt u/fpf5. -8f=9sfn_ -#_ y'g]nf] /f]usf] sf/s ttj M of] /f]u d]sflgsn -Mechanical, s]ldsn -Chemical_, yd{n -Thermal_ / O{Gkm]lS;o; Ph]G6; -Infec ous agents_ åf/f nfub5. ;fy} of] /f]u!%) egbf a9l y/lsf hljf0f'x?sf k hfltn] u/fp5. of] /f]u nfugdf vf; u/l :6fkmfOnf]sf]s; -Staphylococcus_, :6]K6f]sf]s; -Streptococcus_ / dfo{sf]knfhdf -Mycoplasma_ k hflt d'vo sf/ssf]?kdf /x]sf] eptf klg O{sf]nfO{ -E.Coli_, sf]/fog]jofs6]l/od -Corynebacterium_,:o"8f]df]g; -Pseudomonous_ cflb o; /f]usf] nflu lhdd]jf/ sf/s ttjsf]?kdf /x]sf] kfo{g5. -$_y'g]nf] /f]u nfug] a9l ;+efjgfm w]/} b"w ptkfbg Ifdtf epsf pggt gznsf ufo{e}+;lx?df g} y'g]nf] /f]u nfug] a9l ;+efjgf /x]sf] x'g5. -%_ y'g]nf] /f]usf] nfugsf] nflu pko'qm jftfj/0fm b"w lgyf/]/ gb'x'g'. uf]7 / uf]7 jl/kl/ ;w} ;kmf ;'U3/ g/fvg'. b"w lbg] ufo{e};lnfo{ ;w} ;kmf ;'U3/ g/fvg'. b"w b'x'g] JoflQmsf] xft ;kmf gx'g'. b"w b"x'g k of]u x'g] eff8fs'f8fx?sf] ;/;kmfo{ g/fvg'. b"w b'x'g] cgt/fn c;dfg x'g'. y'g / snrf}8f]nfo{ w]/} lr;f] / w]/} tftf]jf6 hf]ufpg g;sg'. bfgf crfgs kl/jt{g ug{'.
gjf}+ /fli6«o cfn' ufpfdf dxf]t;j x'fb} sf:sl / cf;kf;sf If]qdf x]dhfsf] cfn'sf] dfu a9];fu} o;n] lj:tf/} Jofj;flos?k lnfb} upsf] :yfglojf;l Pj+ k yd x]dhf cfn' dxf]t;jsf ;+of]hs wd{/fh af:tf]nf atfp. kf]v/f. cfn' ufpfsf?kdf VoftL sdfpsf sf:slsf] x]dhfdf cfufdl r}t @@ utb]lv #) ut];dd gjf}+ /fli6«o x]dhf cfn' dxf]t;j x'g]epsf] 5. ;'Gb/ 7fpF x]dhf hfpf, cfn'sf :jflbi6 kl/sf/ vfp, cfn' Ps kl/sf/ cg]s egg] d"ngf/sf ;fy lji0f'kfb'sf Sna x]dhf / k wfgdgql s[lif cfw'lgsl/0f kl/of]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO cfof]hgfdf lji0f'kfb'sf v]n d}bfgdf dxf]t;j x'g nfu]sf] xf]. sf:sl / cf;kf;sf If]qdf x]dhfsf] cfn'sf] dfu a9];fu} o;n] lj:tf/} Jofj;flos?k lnfb} upsf] :yfglojf;l Pj+ k yd x]dhf cfn' dxf]t;jsf ;+of]hs wd{/fh af:tf]nf atfp. æn]t]sf] jif]{ ;]tf] cfn', 3fGb 's / 5f]d f]ªaf6 cfpg] /ftf] 8Nn] cfn'sf] v]tlaf6 oxff cfn'v]tlsf] z'?jft epsf] kfog5,æ pgn] eg], æ@)$% $^ ;fnb]lv s]xl dfqfdf cfn'v]tl lj:tf/ eo{ @)%$ %% ;fnotf If]qLo s[lif cg';gwfg s]gb n'dn]n] cfˆgf] afxo cg';gwfg:yn :yfkgf u/]kl5 oxff k"0f{?kdf cfn'v]tln] Jofj;flos?k lnpsf] xf].æ cfn'v]tlsf] lj:tf/ x'fb} hffbf s]gb n] o;nfo{ cfn' ufpfsf]?kdf kl/lrt u/fpsf] 5. x]dhfnfo{ Jofj;flos s[lif If]qsf]?kdf b]z ljb]zdf lrgfpfb} ptkfbs / pkef]qmfalrsf] k ToIf ;Dks{ :yflkt ug]{ p2]zosf ;fy dxf]t;j cfof]hgf ug{ nflupsf] lji0f'kfb'sf Snasf cwoif /d]z jf;'b]j kf}8]n kf]v/f sfsl{n] hfgsf/l lbp. x]dhfl:yt ax'p2]zolo ls;fg ;xsf/l ;+:yfsf] cfof]hgfdf j'l4hljl cu'jf, Pj+ s[ifs ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf] ;lqmotfdf cfn' dxf]t;j ug]{ lgwf] u/l ;xsf/ls} cfof]hgf Pj+ ;+of]hgdf @)^^ ;fn kmfu'gdf Ps lbj;lo k yd cfn' dxf]t;j ul/psf] lyof]. To;kl5 bf]; f] x]dhf cfn' dxf]t;j ;fljs x]dhf uflj;n] / To; otfsf ;+:s/0fnfo{ lji0f'kfb'sf Snan] lg/gt/tf lbpsf] 5. sfsl{sfcg';f/ dxf]t;jsf] cfsif{0fdf cfn' tyf tfhf t/sf/lsf] j[xt k bz{gl, cfn'sf] 7"nf] kxf8, cfn'sf ljlegg kl/sf/, ljljw ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd, rlr{t xf:o snfsf/sf] a]hf]8 k :t'lt, hfkflgh ;'Gtnf, Rofp skml, lrof laqml Pj+ k bz{gl, ljlegg s[lif alpalhg tyf cgo s[lifogqsf] k bz{gl /xg] 5. To:t} dxf]t;jdf v'nnf Psn g[to k ltof]lutf, s[lif emffsl k ltof]lutf tyf kk sg;6{ x'g'sf ;fy} /Tof}nL k ltof]lutf / /fli6«o tyf :yfglo snfsf/sf] a]hf]8 k :t'lt / xf:o k bz{g /xg] pgn] atfp. Jofkfl/s sif ;+of]hs /fh]gb yfksfcg';f/ dxf]tjdf s[lif k bz{gl, s[lif ptkfbg laqml ljt/0f, cfn'nufot cgo s[lif ptkfbgsf kl/sf/, k fyflds pkrf/, a}lsª sf/f]af/, dgf]/~hg nufotsf!!^ k bz{gl sif /xg] 5g\. d x f ] T ; j d f ljlegg pk;ldltn] cf cfˆgf] sfd clgtdr/0fdf k' ofpsf] dxf]t;j d"ncfof]hgs ;ldltsf ;+of]hs ;'ljg >]i7n] hfgsf/l lbp. x]dhfdf Jofj;flos cfn'v]tl tkm{ cfsif{0f eo/x]sf] atfpg] s[lif cg';gwfg s]gb n'dn]sf lgb]{zs /fd s];l o;nfo{ gd"gf cfn' ufpf agfpg u'0f:t/lo alpsf] vffrf] /x]sf] wf/0ff /fv]sf 5g\. x]dhfdf Pd P; $@, s'k mhof]lt, v'dn nidl, hgsb]j, v'dn ;]tf] / 8]hL/] u/l d'votm 5 hftsf cfn' nufpg] ul/psf] 5. kf]v/f n]vgfy dxfgu/kflnsfsf jl/i7 s[lif ljsf; clws[t dgf]x/ s8l/ofn] x]dhfdf cfn'sf] ptkfbg a9fpgsf nflu alp ptkfbgdf nfu]sf] hfgsf/l lbp. x]dhfdf cfn'sf] ptkfbstj k lt x]s6/!* b]lv @) 6g ;Dd 5 eg] nueu rf/ ;ob]lv $@% x]s6/ If]qkmndf v]tl ul/psf] tyof+s 5. x]dhfdf cfn' ptkfbgaf6 dfq} jflif{s? @) b]lv @! s/f]8;ddsf] sf/f]af/ x'g] u/]sf] dxf]t;j d"ncfof]hs ;ldltsf dxf;lrj :yfglojf;l j;gts'df/ >]i7n] hfgsf/l lbpsf 5g\. s[ifsn] Jofj;flos?kdf nufpsf] t/sf/lafnl gi6 u/]sf] gu/ k d'v kbdkfl0f zdf{n] hfgsf/l lbp. lxpfbel/sf] v8]/lsf sf/0f v]tlaf/l km:6fpg g;s]sf] cj:yfdf cl;gf kfgln] gi6 u/]kl5 s[ifs lg/fz ag]sf 5g\. s[ifsn] Ifltsf] d"nof+sg u/l /fxtsf] Joj:yf / afnl aldf sfo{qmd sfof{gjogsf] dfu ;d]t u/]sf 5g\. lhnnfsf] df]bl, dxflznf, k}+fo" / s'zdf gu/kflnsfdf klg cl;gfn] tsf/l / cggafnldf ;fdfgo Iflt k' ofpsf] lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] hgfpsf] 5. kj{tdf dunaf/b]lv nuftf/?kdf kfgl;fu} cl;gf klg kl//x]sf] 5. lhnnf s[lif ljsf; nlntk'/. ptkfbg lngsf nflu nfdf] ;do nfug] x'fbf Jofj;flos kn] v]tl ub}{ cfpsf ls;fg n;'g / Kofhv]tLdf cfslif{t 5}gg\. g]kfndf c? vfnsf t/sf/lsf] ptkfbg a9] klg n;'g / Kofhsf] ptkfbg eg] ga9]sf] g]kfn s[lif cg';gwfg kl/ifb\ -gfs{_ cgtu{tsf] t/sf/l ljsf; lgb{]zgfnosf jl/i7 t/sf/l ljsf; clws[t v]d/fh hf]zln] atfp. sf7df8f}f pktosf / To; cf;kf;df c;f]h sflqsdf n;'g /f]k]/ j}zfv h]7df l6kg] ul/g5. 5 ;ft dlxgf;dd ptkfbgsf nflu s'g'{kg]{ epsfn] ls;fgn] To;sf] ;66[f ;fukftaf6 @) lbgb]lv, sfpnlaf6 ^) lbgb]lv / cfn'af6 () lbgb]lv ptkfbg lng yfng] hfgsf/l lb+b]} pgn] # sfof{no kj{tn] lhnnfsf clwsf+z efudf k/]sf] cl;gfn] 7"nf] Iflt k' ofpsf] hgfpsf] 5. clxn] Ifltsf] ljj/0f ;+sng ug]{ sfd eo/x]sf] atfpfb} pglx nfo{ cfjzos /fxt k bfg ug{sf nflu :yfglo tx;fu kxn ul/g] jl/i7 s[lif ljsf; clws[t jf;'b]j /]UdLn] hfgsf/l lbp. ljz]ifu/l ux'fafnl ygsofpg] a]nfdf k/]sf] cl;gfn] 7"nf] Iflt agfpsf] 5 eg] Jofj;flos?kdf t/sf/lv]tl u/]sfnfo{ w]/} gf]s;fgl k/]sf] 5. lhnnfdf s[lif aldf sfo{qmddf w]/} s[ifs gcfo;s]sfn] pglx sf] /fxtsf nflu ;DalGwt :yfglo txn] Wofg lbg'kg]{ jl/i7 s[lif ljsf; clws[t /]UdLn] hfgsf/l lbp. a9]g n;'g / Kofhsf] ptkfbg eg], æg]kfndf Jofj;flos ls;fg a9\b} 5g\ / pglx 5f]6f] cjlwdf g} gub xftdf kg{] t/sf/l dfq} nufpg rfxg5g\.æ Ps bzsotf c? vfnsf t/sf/lsf] cfoft XjfQ} 36] klg n;'g / Kofhsf] eg] a9]sf] 5. ef/taf6 ;:tf] d"nodf leqg] x'fbf ls;fgn] ;:tf]df laqml ug'{kg{] lrgtfn] sd dfqfdf n;'g / Kofh /f]kg] u/]sf x'g\. n;'g / Kofhdf cftdlge{/ agfpg] xf] eg] ;/sf/n] g} ls;fgnfo{ k f]t;fxgsf sfo{qmd ug'{k5{. pgn] eg], æxfdln] ls;fgnfo{ 3f6f x'fb}g eg]/ ljzj:t gagfp;dd xfdl ol ptkfbgdf cftdlge{/ agg ;Sb}gf}F.Æ tyof+sn] cfoft a9l b]vfp klg g]kfn w]/} vfnsf t/sf/ldf eg] cftdlge{/ 5. cl;gfn] s/f]8f}+sf] Iflt kj{t. s]xl lbgb]lv nuftf/ k/]sf] cl;gf kfglsf sf/0f kj{tdf s/f]8f}+?k}off d"no a/fa/sf] t/sf/l, cggafnl / kmnkm"n gi6 epsf] 5. lhnnfsf t/sf/l / vfbfgg ptkfbg ks]6 If]qdf afsnf] cl;gf k/]sf sf/0f 7"nf] Iflt epsf] xf]. upsf] d+unaf/b]lv b}lgsh;f] cl;gf kfgl / xfjfx'/l rln/x]sf] 5. lhnnfsf] hnhnf ufpfkflnsfcgtu{t aff;vs{, wfloª, zflnhf, n]vkmff6 / gfªnljfªdf k/]sf] cl;gfn]? b'o{ s/f]8 egbf a9l d"no a/fa/sf] t/sf/l tyf ux'fafnl gi6 epsf] ufpfkflnsfn] hgfpsf] 5. pqm If]q k wfgdgql s[lif cfw'lglss/0f kl/of]hgf cgtu{t t/sf/lsf] ks]6 If]q xf]. of] ufpfkflnsfsf ;of}+ s[ifs a]df};dl t/sf/l v]tldf cfslif{t 5g\. otf kmn]jf; gu/kflnsf ( efu/f, j8f g+ * 7fgfdf}nf, j8f g+ @ yfkf7fgf, j8f g+ # z+s/kf]v/l / j8f g+ $ d'l8s'jfdf k/]sf] cl;gfkfgln] ux'f, ev{/} pld Psf] ds}nufot
$ ls;fgnfo{ afnl ygsofpg] lrgtf df6fsf sf]7ldf afnl /fv]kl5 9'Ss eogyof], g 3'gn] vfg] 8/ g kf]lvg] lrgtf. Æ rfdn, rgf, /x/, ux'f / d';'/f]h:tf rff8} 3'g nfug] vfbfgg ca df6fsf sf]7l agg 5f8]kl5 ljiffbl ld;fp/ /fvg' k/]sf] pgl atfpfl5g\. alb{jf;. r}t]afnl wdfwd sfl6g yfn]kl5 dxf]q/sf] e+ufxf gu/kflnsf ^ xlt;jf{ dbgk Lsf ls;fg lji0f'gf/fo0f /fo yf? afnl ygsofpg] lrgtfn] lk/f]lnpsf 5g\. ux'f, /x/, rgf, d;'/f];lxtsf r}t]afnl wdfwd sfl6g yflnp;fu} ol afnl s;/l ;'/lift /fvg] s'/fn] yf?sf] lk/f]nf] a9]sf] xf]. vf;df rff8} 3'g nfug] rfdn, ux'f, d';'/f], rgf -abfd_ / /x/nufot vfbfgg e08f/0f ug{ agfog] df6fsf sf]7l ca agg 5f8]kl5 o; e]usf ls;fgnfo{ afnl ;'/lift e08f/0f ug]{af/] lrgtf x'g yfn]sf] 5. cggkft ;'/lift e08f/0fsf nflu 3/3/df agfog] ul/psf df6fsf sf]7l agfog 5fl8Pkl5 vf;u/l wfg / cgo r}t]afnl ;'/lift e08f/0fdf ;d:of epsf] ls;fgsf] egfo 5. k To]s 3/ 3/df df6fsf sf]7l -esf/l_df afnl /fv]kl5 3'g nfub}gyof]ú alb{jf; gu/kflnsf ( kz'kltgu/sf &% jifl{o af}pnfn ofbjn] eg],æca kj{t. lhnnfd} klxnf]k6s kj{tsf] kmn]jf; gu/kflnsfdf ds} /f]kg] -l;8/_ d]l;g lelqpsf] 5. k wfgdgql s[lif cfw'lgsls/0f kl/of]hgf nfu" epsf] kmn]jf; gkf j8f g+!, # / $ sf ls;fgnfo{ kl/of]hgfsf] hf]g sfof{gjog PsfO{ sfof{no d'l8s'jfn] tlgj6f d]l;g cg'bfgdf ljt/0f u/sf] xf]. sfof{non] ldgl kfj/l6n/ / To;d} h8fg ug{ ldng]u/l lgld{t ds} /f]kg] -l;8/_, 5f]8fpg] -sg;]n/_ / vf]n:ofpg] d]l;g ls;fg ;d"xnfo{ ljt/0f u/]sf] xf]. af/ldf kfj/l6n/n] hf]tb} ds} /f]kg] of] d]l;g lhnnfd} klxnf]k6s lelqpsf] xf]. k'/fgf sf]7l k'm6]/ up, goff agg 5f8]kl5 r}t]afnl ;'/lift s;/l /fvg] egg] lrgtf 5.Æ ln;fonf] df6f] d'5]/ agfog] sf]7ldf /flvg] afnldf 3'g gnfug] epsfn] kfsf ls;fgnfo{ o;sf] cefj v6\lspsf] 5. df6fsf sf]7ldf afnl /fv]kl5 9'Ss eogyof], g 3'gn] vfg] 8/ g kf]lvg] lrgtf.æ e+ufxf $ yf?6f]n ag/fsl ^% jifl{of /fd;'g/b]jl yf?n] eg] æca t 3/d} cfkm} vfg /flvg] vfbfgg 3'gaf6 arfpg klg hfgfhfg ljiffbl ld;fpgkg]{ eof].æ rfdn, rgf, /x/, ux'f / d';'/f]h:tf rff8} 3'g nfug] vfbfgg ca df6fsf sf]7l agg 5f8]kl5 ljiffbl ld;fp/ /fvg' k/]sf] pgl atfpfl5g\. df6fsf sf]7ldf vfbfgg /fv]/ df6fs} 9Ssgn] ofkk 5f]k]kl5 jiff}+;dd h:tfsf] To:t} /xg5. ldlynf If]qdf vf;u/l yf? ;d'bfodf df6fsf sf]7l agfpg] s'/f sf}znsf]?kdf lng] ul/g5. df6fsf sf]7l vfbfgg ;'/Iffsf nflu sfof{nodf a'wjf/ cfof]lht sfo{qmddf kmn]jf;sf] j8f g+=! sfsl{g]6fsf] cggk"0f{ b'uw ;xsf/l ;+:yf, z+s/kf]v/lsf] lzjz+s/ skml ;xsf/l / d'l8s'jfsf] tnnf] ;]/fkmff6 s[ifs ;d"xnfo{ d]l;g x:tfgt/0f ul/psf] xf].? ^% xhf/ kg]{ ldgl kfj/l6n/df hl8t d]l;gn] k ltlbg ^ b]lv & /f]kgl af/ldf ds} /f]kg ldng] jl/i7 s[lif clws[t a;gts'df/ >]i7n] hfgsf/l lbp. ds} hf]g sfof{non] kfon6 k f]h]s6sf kdf Go"gtd @) /f]kgl hldgdf clgjfo{ ds} nufpg] ;d"xnfo{ d]l;g;lxtsf] xnf] ljt/0f u/sf] 5. ;d"xdf cfj4 ls;fgnfo{ sfof{non] rfn" jif{ e/kbf]{ x'g'sf ;fy} of] agfpg] s'/f sf}zn / yf? ;+:s[lt;fu hf]l8g5. df6fsf sf]7l agg 5f8]kl5 cfˆgf] hftlo ;+:s[lt / klxrfgsf] s'/f cf]em]ndf k/]sf] 5. sf]7l agg 5f8]kl5 e+ufxf, wd{k'/, eldu9, av/l, d]3/f]n, demf}lnof, ag/f, uf]/xggf, x/vk'/, ljz/k'/, k;f{, lguf}n / /hvf]/;lxtsf a:tlsf afl;gbf vfbfgg ygsofpg Knfl:6ssf 8f]n, afln6g / 8«d k of]u ug{ yfn]sf 5g\. wd{k'/ yf? a:tlsl wgdtl a5f/n] eg], æcasf 5f]/L, a'xf/ln] o;f} l;sf+} egg] rf;f] g} b]vfpfb}gg\, casf s]xl jif{kl5 t sf]7l eg]/ b]vfpg] s'/f s] /xnf / <Æ df6f]sf sf]7ldf /flvpsf vfbfggf jiff}{jif{;ddf ;'/lift /xg], :jfb glau g] / :j:yos/ x'g] epsfn] of] ;Lk k a4{g ug{ oxffsf :yfglo txn] rf;f] a9fpg'kg]{ cf}/xl :jf:yorf}sldf sfo{/t cgdl sdnf /fo{sf] wf/0ff 5. kj{tdf klxnf]k6s lelqof] ds} 5g{] d]l;g ds} hf]g sfof{non] kfon6 k f]h]s6sf kdf Go"gtd @) /f]kgl hldgdf clgjfo{ ds} nufpg] ;d"xnfo{ d]l;g;lxtsf] xnf] ljt/0f u/sf] 5. @) /f]kglsf nflu cfjzos ds} alp, dn / cfj:os k/] ljiffbl;d]t cg'bfg lbg] sfo{qmd 5. of] goff ceof; xf],ú sfof{no k d'v jl/i7 s[lif clws[t j;gts'df/ >]i7n] eg], æ;kmn ep csf]{ jif{b]lv sfo{qmd / d]l;g yk5f}+.æ kfj/l6n/df ds} nufpg] d]l;g -l;8/ _ sf] ;xfotfn] ds} /f]kbf @) hgf;dd sfdbf/sf] >d 36\g] s[lif k fljlwsx atfpf5g\. l;8/ hl8t l6n/ PSn} rnfpg ldng] pgn] atfp. ufpfdf hgzlqmsf] cefj / uf]? kfng] k rng x6\b} upsf a]nf of] d]l;g a9l pkof]ul x'g] s[ifssf] egfo{ 5. ufpfdf ptkflbt b"w ahf/;dd Nofpg g;s]sf] u'gf;f] dgqfnosf ;x;lrj Zofdk ;fb kf}8]nn] b"wsf] cfoftnfo{ k lt:yfkg u/]/ :jb]zdf ptkflbt b"wnfo{ k fyldstf lbg'kg]{ atfp. sf7df8f}f. u fdl0f If]qsf ls;fgaf6 ptkflbt b"wnfo{ ahf/ ;Dd Nofpg g;s]sf] u'gf;f] u/]sf 5g\. 8]/L pbf]u ;+3sf] gjf}f jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efsf cj;/df z'qmaf/ cfof]lht sfo{qmdsf jqmfn] lghl If]qn] u fdl0f If]qdf ptkflbt b"wnfo{ a]jf:yf u/]sf] atfpsf x'g\. e"ld Joj:yfkg, s[lif tyf ;xsf/l dgqfno k b]z g+ # sf ;lrj 8f j+zl zdf{n] b"wsf] ptkfbg / ahf/ls/0fnfo{ k b]zn] s8f lgod agfp/ cg'udg ug]{ atfp. æb"wsf] &) k ltzt dfu k"/f ug]{ e}f;lkfng Joj;fonfO{ ljz]if k fyldstf lbg'k5{,æ pgn] eg]. ;f]xl dgqfnosf ;x;lrj Zofdk ;fb kf}8]nn] b"wsf] cfoftnfo{ k lt:yfkg u/]/ :jb]zdf ptkflbt b"wnfo{ k fyldstf lbg'kg] { atfp. pgn] dxfuf] ef8f / srrl af6f]sf sf/ 0f lghl If]qn] ufpfsf ls;fgaf6 ptkflbt b"wnfo{ ahf/;dd gnofpsf] u'gf;f] u/]. kz';]jf ljefusf dxflgb]{zs 8f ljdns'df/ lgd{nn] kz'df x'g] vf]/]t /f]usf] pkrf/ u/l ufo{e}f;lsf] goff arrfnfo{ ptkfbg ug{ ;s] g]kfn b"wdf cftdflge{/ agg] atfp. æd'n'ssf] s"n u fx{:y ptkfbgnfo{ a9fjf lbgnfo{ b"wsf] ptkfbg slknj:t'. v]tlof]uo hldgsf] a9legbf a9l pkof]u u/l s[lif If]qsf] cfw'lgsls/0fsf nflu e"ld a}+s :yfkgf ug'{kg]{df s[lif e"ld Joj:yfkg tyf ;xsf/ldgql rqmkfl0f vgfnn] hf]8 lbpsf 5g\. u[x lhnnf slkna:t' k'u]/ png] s[lif ptkfbgdf j[l4 Nofpg e"ld gllt / e"pkof]u gllt cfjzos /x]sf] atfpsf x'g]. ca ;a} v]tlof]uo hldgdf rsnfagblsf] sfo{ cufl8 ga9fop s[lif ptkfbgdf j[l4 cfpg g;sg] pgsf] egfo lyof]. v]tlof]uo hldgsf] Knl6ªsf gfddf a9\bf] v08ls/0f /f]sg e"ld gllt / tl e"ldsf] clwstd pkof]u ug{ e"pkof]u gllt cfjzos /x]sf] a9fpg'k5{,æ kf}8]nn] eg]. /fli6«o b'uw ljsf; af]8{sf lgldq sfo{sf/l lgb]{zs afa'sfhl kgt, b'uw ljsf; ;+:yfgsf lgldq dxfk agws O{Zj/L clwsf/l, s]gb Lo kz'kifl kfng ;xsf/l ;+3sf cwoif afa'/fd clwsf/l, g]kfn 8]/L Pzf]l;ozgsf cwoif /fwfs[i0f ;fksf]6f, g]kfn r]da/ ckm sdz{sf pkfwoif /fh]gb dnnnufotn] ;+3n] b"wnfo{ ls;fgsf] uf]7b]lv pkef]qmfsf] cf]7;dd k' ofpsf] egb} ;+3nfO{ ljz]if ;xof]u ug{ ;/sf/;+u cfu x u/]. g]kfndf?!% ca{egbf a9l nufgl /x]sf] b"w pbf]udf!% xhf/egbf a9l o'jfn] /f]huf/l kfpg'sf ;fy} o;af6 kffrnfv ls;fg nfeflgjt epsf] cwoif c/lgsf] /fhe08f/ln] hfgsf/l lbp. s[lifsf] cfw'lgsls/0fsf nflu e"ld a}+s :yfkgf ug'{kg]{m s[lifdgql vgfn hldg affemf] /fvg]pk/ lgu/fgl u/l affemf] hldgnfo{ :yfglo txsf] clwgdf lno{ To:tf hldgnfo{ s[lif pkof]udf s;/l Nofpg]af/] 5nkmn eo/x]sf] pgn] atfp. pgsf] ts{ lyof]. e"ld;dagwl k'/fgf sfg"g ;+zf]wg jf goff sfg"g NofP/ sfof{gjog ug'{kg]{df dgql vgfnn] hf]8 lbp. ca hldg affemf] /fvg]pk/ lgu/fgl u/l affemf] hldgnfo{ :yfglo txsf] clwgdf lno{ To:tf hldgnfo{ s[lif pkof]udf s;/l Nofpg]af/] 5nkmn eo/x]sf] pgn] atfp. k wfgdgql s[lif sfo{qmdcgtu{t Ps xhf/ x]s6/ huuf Plss/0f u/]/. Jofj;flos v]tl ug]{ / y'k } laufxf v]t affemf] /fvg] k j[lq lg?t;flxt ug{ :yfglo ;/sf/n] lgogq0fdf lnp/ v]tl ug]{ cj:yf l;h{gf ug{ cfjzos /x]sf] pgsf] egfo lyof].
s]o'ljs] -;kmntfsf] syf===_ KofS6 sg{/ % c3f{vffrlsf Psn dlxnfx?sf] zfx; km:6fp b} lqb]j 6]8 ;d'xdf cfj4 ep/ dguo cfdbfgl s[i0f vgfn a'6jn sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]uaf6 pglx?nfo{ yk xf};nf k fkt eof]. ;d'xsl cwoif vul;/f a:ofn elg5g\ Psn dlxnf epsf] sf/0f ;dfhdf x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f km/s lyof], t/ xfdl lxddt xf/]gf}+ / sfd cuf8l a9fof}+. c3f{vffrl lhnnf ;lgwvs{ gu/kflnsf!% l8e{gf ;NnLsf]6sf Psn dlxnfx? cfh egbf sl/j # aif{ klxnf ufp3/s} r'nf] rf}sfdf l;ldt lyp. >Ldfg\sf] b]xfgt epsf] kl8f lyof] eg] ufpfdf cfo cfh{gsf] af6f]x? gx'fbf emg} lk8fdf lyp. ufpfsf $% hgf g} Psn dlxnfx?df o:tf] k sl[ tsf] ;d:of lyof]. t/ clxn] pglx?sf] hljg kl/j{tg epsf] 5. # aif{ klxnf ufpfdf epsf Psn dlxnfx? ;d'xdf cj4 ep/ cfocfh{gsf] af6f]x? klxnofpg ;kmn ep. dlxnfx?sf] e]nfdf $) hgfsf] ;d'x agfp. h'g ;d'xsf] gfd /fv] ;NnLsf]6 s[ifs ;d'x. ufpfdf l;+rfo{sf] k fkt ;+efjgf gx'bf f gx'b} klg pglx?n] pk cfof]hfgsf]?kdf ;NnLsf]6 ljp ptkfbgsf] sfo{ cuf8l a9fp. h;sf] nflu ls;fgsf] nflu pggt ljp ljhg sfo{qmd-s]ol' as]_n] ;xof]u u of]. sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]uaf6 pglx?nfo{ yk xf};nf k fkt eof]. ;d'xsl cwoif vul;/f a:ofn elg5g\ Psn dlxnf epsf] sf/ 0f ;dfhdf x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f km/s lyof], t/ xfdl lxddt xf/]gf}+ / sfd cuf8l a9fof}+. s]o'las]sf] ;xof]udf ufpsf] @) /f]kgl If]qkmndf ;d'x dwo] sl/j @) hgf dlxnfx?n] u'x'fsf] ljpm ptkfbgdf nfu]. o;sf] cnjf ds}}sf] ljp klg ptkfbg ub}{ cfp. ufpdf ds}sf] ux'fsf] pggt ljp ptkfbg u/]kl5 To;sf] ahf/ls/0fsf] nflu ;d]t s]o'las]n] ;xof]u u of]. ;d'xsl cwoif a:ofnsf cg';f/ klxnf] aif{df sl/j!$ SjLG6n ;Dd ljp ptkfbg epsf]f lyof] h'g ux'fsf dfq} xf]. ufpfdf pggt ljp ptkfbg u/]/kl5 n'ldagl l;8 sdkgln] pqm ljp vl/b ul/lbof]. ;d'xdf dfl;s! ;o?k}off art ug]{ dlxnf ;d'xn] ToxL artsf] /sd C0f kl/rfng u/l cgo lhljsf] kfh{gsf] sfd ;d]t u/]sf 5g\. ut aif{ sl/j @ SjLG6n ux'f /!$SjLG6n ds}sf] ljp ptkfbg u/l ljlqm ljt/0faf6 /fd f] cfdbfgl u/]sf lyp. ls;fgsf nflu pggt ljp ljhg sfo{qmdn] ux'fsf] ljp, ds}sf] ljpdf cg'bfg lbpsf] lyof] eg] cfsf;]kfglsf] e/df v]tlkftl ub}}{ cfpsf ls;fgx?nfo{ cfsf;] kfgl ;+sngsf] nflu 6+}sL klg lgdf{0f ul/lbpsf] 5. sl/j & nfv n?k}offsf] nfutdf ufpdf $ j6f!)!) 3gld6/sf] cfsf;] kfgl ;+sng ug]{ 6}+s lgdf{0f epsf] 5. h;af6 ls;fg dlxnfx?n] 3/fo;L sfd nfufot t/sf/l v]tldf pqmkfgl k of]u ub}{ cfpsf 5g\. ufpfdf s[ifs kf7zfnf ljlegg k fljlw ;DaGwL tflnd ;~rfng ub}{ cfpsf pglx?sf] ;d'xsf] of] aif{ cgtld sfo{qmd xf]. cfufdl lbgdf klg ;xof]usf] ck]iff u/]sf pglx?n] sfo{qmdn] yk cg'bfg tyf ;xof]usf] ;d]t ck]iff u/]sf 5g\. ;d'xsl cwoif a:ofn elg5g ;a} Psn dlxnfx?sf] ;d'x xf] of], xfdl ;+3{if/t /x]sf 5f}+, ;xof]usf] klg ck]iff u/]sf 5f}+, cgo lgsfoaf6 klg ;xof]u epdf cem} sfd ug{ ;S5f}+. ux'fsf] ljp ufpfaf6 g} sl/j $%?k}off b]lv *)?k}off ;Dd k ltslnf] / ds}sf] ljp %#?k}off b]lv!@)?k}off k ltlsnf] ;Dddf ljqml ub}{ cfpsf 5g\. ljp tyf cgo t/sf/l ljlqm u/l k lt dlxnfx?n] aflif{s @^ xhf/?k}off ;Dd cfdbfgl ub}{ cfpsf 5g\. ;d'xdf art u/]sf] /sd C0f kl/rfng u/l /fd f] cfdbfgl ;d]t ub}{ cfpsf 5g\. af]8lsf] ;d]t ljp ptkfbg ub}{ cfpsf pglx?n] lgs6 eljzodf cgo lgsfosf] ;xof]u ldn]df cem} ljpsf] sfo{qmd lj:tf/ ug]{ of]hgf agfpsf 5g\. h;sf] nflu ljlegg lgsfosf] ;xof]usf] ck]iff u/]sf 5g\. ;a} Psn dlxnfx? cfj4 epsf] pqm s[ifs ;d'x g]kfnd} klxnf] / Ps dfq} dlxnf ;d'x /x]sf] bflj cwoif a:ofnsf] /x]sf] 5. kf]n6l ;Knfo;{ k"jl{ t/fo{sf] l;/xf lhnnf Jofj;flos s'v'/f kfngsf nflu ;d]t pko'qm b]lvpsf] 5. s'v'/f kfngaf6 dguu] cfdbfgl x'g yfn]kl5 ljb]lzg rfxg] o'jfsf] cfsif{0f klg of] k]zfdf a9]sf] 5. o;}qmddf lji0f'k'/, en{]glsf o'jf xl/k ;fb d}gfnln] nf]e nfubf] u/l Jofj;flos s'v/f kfng u/]sf 5g\. dn]l;ofdf sfd ubf{ d/0ff;gg lj/fdl k/]kl5 kms]{sf ol o'jf s'v'/f kfngdf xf]ldpkl5 clxn] c?sf nflu ;d]t k ]/ 0ff ; f]t agg ;kmn epsf 5g\. t/ goff dfg5],clg yf]/} nufgln] ubf{ ;'?sf lbg To;} v]/ up. t/ ;do qmddf of] Joj;fodf /fd /L lehg ;kmn ep pgl. s'v'/fsf] bfgf / rnnfdf l8n/n] ls;fgnfo{ Psbd} 7Ug] u/]sf] ;'OFsf] kfpkl5 cfkm}+ ;'k/ l8n/ agg k'u] o'jf Jofj;foL d}gfnl. To;kl5 cfkm\g} k'vof}{nl ynf]df sl/a ;f9] rf/ lj3f huufdf s/f]8f}+sf] nufgldf ;'? eof] Jofj;flo ss'v'/f kfng. lqb]j 6]8 P08 kf]n6l ;Knfo;{sf gfddf pgn] vf]n]sf] of] kmfd{ clxn] o; e]us} 7"nf] dflgg5. em08} @ jif{cl3 dfq} ;'? epsf] o; kmfd{n] /fd f] cfdbfgl u/]sf] 5. cfdbfgl a9]kl5 d}gfnlsf] sfd klg lj:tf/ epsf] 5. pgsf] phf{ / d]xgtnfo{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5. s[lif ljsf; dgqfno cgtu{tsf] Jofj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgf KofS6 dfkm{t d}gfnlnfo{ cfly{s ;xof]u k fkt epsf] 5. s'n ^# nfv $% xhf/ b'o{ ;o $)?lkoff nfut /x]sf] o; kf]n6«l ;Knfo;{sf] pkcfof]hgfdf KofS6n]!* nfv (( xhf/ &@?lkoff cg'bfg k bfg u/]sf] 5. o; pkcfof]hgfaf6 :j:y rnnf tyf u'0f:t/lo df;' ptkfbg ug{] nio lgwf{/0f ul/psf] 5. pkcfof]hgf ;DkGg x'fbf jflif{s sl/j Ps nfv rnnf ljqml u/]sf] pgsf] cg'ej 5. pkcfof]hgf ;~rfngsf qmddf cfjzos ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ul/of] eg] cfjzos d]l;g/l cf}hf/ h8fg ul/psf] 5. To:t} cg'bfg /sdaf6 :jf:y df;' sf6\g] u[x lgdf{0f eo/x]sf] 5. rf/}lt/ l;;f nufp/ lgdf{0f x'g] of] ^ sf]7] ejg of] If]qs} gd"gfsf?kdf lnopsf] 5. oxff h]g]/]6/, l8lk mh, sf6\g] cf}hf/, l8lh6n t/fh' nufot cfw'lgs ;fdu Lsf] /flvpsf 5g\. d}gfnlsf] cfkm\g} kmfd{df Ps n6df Ps nfv s'v'/f df;'sf nflu tof/ x'g5g\. o;/l ptkfbg x'g] s'v'/fsf] df;' ljb]z;dd lgof{t ug{] ;f]rsf;fy sfddf h'6]sf 5g\. o;sf nflu pgn] sl/j ^ s/f]8?lkoffegbf a9l nufgl ul/;s]sf 5g\. s'v'/f cf];f/ k;f/ ug{ tlg j6f uf8lsf] klg Joj:yf ul/psf] 5. pgsf] kmfd{df tof/ epsf s'v'/f /fhwfgl sf7df8f}+ nufot glhssf] ahf/df vkt x'g5g\. of] kmfd{df!)hgfn] k ToIf /f]huf/l kfpsf 5g\. u'0f:t/lo df;' ptkfbg tyf ahf/ls/0f pkcfof]hgf xfn ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg eo;s]sf] 5. pkcfof]hgf ;~rfngsf qmddf cg'bfg ;Demf}tfdf pnn]v ep adf]lhdsf ;a} ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ul/of]. To:t} cfjzos cf}hf/ tyf pks/0fx? klg v/lb ul/p. KofS6 cfof]hgf ljzj a}+ssf] cfly{s ;xof]udf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;~rfng u/]sf] xf]. To;}n] o;sf] k"/s cg'bfgdf pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ ;+3;+:yfn] pkcfof]hgf leq ;'zf;gsf] ceof; ug{'kb{5. o;sf] ;a}egbf dxtjk"0f{ kif eg]sf] ;/f]sf/ jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf cfjlws?kdf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfo ug{' xf]. kmfd{n] klg tl lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng u/]sf] 5. To:t} ljzj a}+ssf] kl/kf6l adf]lhd pkcfof]hgfdf jftfj/0flo tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf ;Dk"0f{ pkfox? cjndjg ul/psf] 5.
^ Nepal's First Agriculture Weekly In Iowa s GOP agriculture epicenter, tariffs spark Trump skep cism By : Thomas Beaumont VICTAM Asia 2018 to focus on Asia's animal feed processing industries HOSPERS, Iowa In Sioux County, where swine barns interrupt the vast landscape of corn-stubbled fields, exports of meat, grain and machinery fuel the local economy. And there s a palpable sense of unease that new Chinese tariffs pushed by President Donald Trump who received more than 80 percent of the vote here in 2016 could threaten residents livelihood. The grumbling hardly signals a looming le ward lurch in this dominantly Republican region in northwest Iowa. But a er standing with Trump through the many trials of his first year, some Sioux County Trump voters say they would be willing to walk away from the president if the fallout from the tariffs causes a las ng downturn in the farm economy. I wouldn t sit here today and say I will definitely support him again, said 60-year-old hog farmer Marv Van Den Top. This here could be a real nega ve for him. Last week, Trump announced plans to impose tariffs on a range of Chinese goods, a move aimed at punishing Beijing for stealing American technology. The Chinese government responded with a threat to tag U.S. products, including pork and aluminum, with an equal 25 percent charge. That sent a chill through places like Sioux County, which ranks first among Iowa s 99 coun es in agricultural exports. In 2016, the county sold $350 million in meat, grain, machinery and chemicals overseas. Far closer to the sparsely populated crossroads of South Dakota and Minnesota than Iowa s bustling Des Moines metro area, Sioux County is home to just 34,000 people, but more than 1 million hogs, 6 million chickens and nearly as impressive numbers of ca le and sheep. Brad Te Grootenhuis sells about 25,000 hogs a year and could lose hundreds of thousands of dollars if the tariffs spark a backlash from China. He said it s possible he would abandon Trump if pork s price decline con nues and lasts. Any me you re losing money, nobody s happy, the 42-year-old farmer said. I ve got payments to make, plain and simple. Na onally, opinions on Trump s tariffs, which were a central part of his campaign pledges to get tough on China, are mixed. Although GOP congressional leaders have argued tariffs would prompt a trade war and have urged Trump to reverse course, 61 percent of Americans who iden fy as Republicans na onwide favor a tariff, according to a na onal poll taken this month by The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research. S ll, 39 percent of Republicans say it will lead to a decrease in jobs, according to the poll, compared to 32 percent who think it will lead to an increase. That s similar to the views of all voters, the survey shows. Countermeasures by China, which is second only to Canada in impor ng Iowa products, could cause pain across the American agricultural sector, according to economists. For instance, a pork tariff imposed by China, which spent $42 million on Iowa pork products in 2017, would back up the Iowa market and force prices sharply downward. Retaliatory tariffs from China would have a devasta ng impact on U.S. agricultural exports, especially if they focus on products like soybeans and hogs, said Adam Kamins, a senior economist at Moody s Analy cs. This puts northwest Iowa and the Great Plains more broadly on the front line in a trade war. For hog farmer Tim Schmidt, the fallout of a geopoli cal spat with China would force him to hold off on any new construc on or maintenance on the decades-old buildings on his family-run farm along the Missouri River. Bangkok, The event will focus on the animal feed processing, grain processing, ingredients and addi ves, aqua feed and pet food industries across Asia-Pacific. The VICTAM exhibi ons display the latest technology, ingredients and addi ves and process feed for animals, pets and aqua cs, together with a wide range of ancillary equipment including silos, conveyors, bagging, elevators, etc. The exhibi ons also showcase the latest equipment for grain, rice and flour milling. The organisers are pu ng together high quality industry conferences like Pet food Forum Asia 2018, Aqua feed Horizons Asia 2018, FIAAP Animal Nutri on Conference Asia 2018, GRAPAS and Global Milling Conference Asia 2018, Proagrica Feed Efficiency Conference 2018, a GMP+ seminar and the World Feed Perspec ves Seminar as part of the event. Exhibitors will also be given the opportunity to present technical seminars. New features at VICTAM Asia 2018 include a business m a t c h m a k i n g programme and the VICTAM newsroom. The matchmaking programme focusses on high quality mee ngs and will consist of an online tool which allows exhibitors and visitors to plan their appointments efficiently. Speakers, visitors and exhibitors will be interviewed and the news crew will make running reports about the event through VICTAM s social media channels. The next event organised by Victam Interna onal BV a er VICTAM Asia 2018 is VICTAM Interna onal 2019, to be held from 12 14 June 2019 in Cologne, Germany.
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