Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Hartmann, R. W. (Richard William), "Poamoho" pole bean. (Research extension series, ISSN 0271-9916 ) 1. Kidney bean--hawaii--varieties. 2. Kidney bean- Varieties. I. Title. II. Title: Pole bean. III. Series. SB327.H34 1984 635'.652 84-19174 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The cooperation and assistance of the following managers and workers at the University farms used for the evaluation of the breeding lines are gratefully acknowledged: Herbert Omizo and Koichi Kaneshiro at Waimanalo, Oahu; Yukio Otani at Pulehu, Maui; Kunio Fujii at Lalamilo, Hawaii; Sam Nuha atwaiakea, Hawaii; Hosea Lovell at Kapaa, Kauai; and Noburo Kanda at Poamoho, Oahu. Special thanks go to Richard Nakano at Poamoho, who has been primarily responsible for the care of most plantings over the years, as well as much of the evaluation and data taking. THE AUTHOR Richard W. Hartmann is Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii. CONTENTS Page Origin 3 Description......................................................................... 5 Seed Availability 6 Tables 1. Yield of breeding lines compared to 'Hawaiian Wonder' and 'Manoa Wonder' in comparative yield trial planted at Poamoho Farm on June 25, 1980 4 2. Yield of pole bean cultivars at five locations in Hawaii 6 Figures 1. Pedigree of 'Poamoho' pole bean 4 2. Harvested beans of 'Poamoho' showing indication of seed development 5
'POAMOHO' POLE BEAN Richard W. Hartmann 'Poamoho' is a vigorous, productive pole bean that produces long, straight, flat pods of the type preferred by Hawaiian consumers. The pods are stringless, however, unlike those of other similar cultivars. 'Poamoho', like the similar 'Manoa Wonder', is resistant to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) and has some field resistance to Rhizoctonia. It is intended to replace 'Manoa Wonder' but is an improvement because it is earlier and more productive, and the stringless pods are tender even when overmature. ORIGIN 'Poamoho' is the result of mor~ than 10 years of effort to add better quality (stringlessness and tenderness) to the root-knot nematode-resistant 'Manoa Wonder' and still keep the long, flat pods preferred by the Hawaiian market. P.I. 289372, a bean introduced from Hungary and received from the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station at Pullman, Washington, was used as a source of unusual length (up to 9-10 inches at times) combined with a lack of strings. This line, however, has weak growth and poor productivity under Hawaiian growing conditions, even when free of diseases. A cross between P.I. 289372 and 'Manoa Wonder' was made in 1970. Progeny from this cross were selected for four generations for root-knot nematode resistance and lack of strings. The best of these selections was crossed in 1973 with a different root-knot nematode-resistant line (an F 4 from a cross between E8207, a line received from Ferry-Morse SeedCo., andp.i. 165426, a highly root-knot nematode-resistant introduction from Mexico, also received from the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station at Pullman). Selection continued for six generations for lines that were free of strings, productive, and resistant to root-knot nematodes, and had long, flat pods. However, no selection combined nematode resistance and lack of strings with sufficiently high productivity. Therefore, a backcross to 'Manoa Wonder' was made. This new segregating population was selected for seven generations for long, straight, smooth, stringless, tender pods, root-knot nematode resistance, and high productivity. The seven best selections were evaluated in 1980 in a yield trial in comparison with 'Manoa Wonder'. and 'Hawaiian Wonder' (Table 1). All breeding lines outyielded the two older cultivars significantly, were earlier, and had higher quality, so plans to introduce one or more of them were considered. As the next step, seeds of the three lines with the best pod characters, listed as 10-2, 10-3, and 10-5 in Table 1, were collected from small plots grown along with the yield trial and replanted for further evaluation and increase before introduction. However, these lines showed variability for several traits and, in the following generation, segregation was noticed for flower color, which had previously been uniform. Apparently, in the planting of June 25, 1980, there was some, and perhaps much, natural crossing among the lines listed in Table 1 (the only materials in the planting). The female parent involved in the pedigree of 'Poamoho' is known to be line 10-2 (full designation: 77-10-8-2-4-3-2), which had lavender flowers. The male parent involved, because of the later segregation of white flowers, must have been either line 12-4 (77-12-3 1-1-3-4-1) or line 12-8 (77-12-3-1-1-3-8-1), the only lines in the planting with white flowers. Lines 77-10 and 77-12 differ only in that two sister plants from the same line were used in the backcross to 'Manoa Wonder' made in 1977. Following the 1980 outcross, six more generations of selection eliminated the new segregation. The full pedigree of 'Poamoho' is illustrated in Figure 1. 3
Table 1. Yield (in p:>unds ~r 20-foot plot) of breeding lines coidp3.red to I Hawaiian Wonder I and 'Manoa Wonder l in COIDp3.rative yield trial planted at Poamdlo Farm on JlIDe 25, 1980 Line Breeding line 10-5 Breeding line 10-2 Breeding line 10-1 Breeding line 10-4 Breeding line 10-3 Breeding line 12-8 Breeding 1 ine 12-4 Manoa wonder Hawaiian Wonder Yield Z 44.4a 41.lab 41.lab 39.5ab 34.8ab 34.2ab 33.7b 23.3e 18.0e Z Means follcmed t the same letter are not significantly different at the 5% le.vel of significance t Duncan ' s Multiple Range Test. 70-3 F 4 PI. 289372 Manoa Wonder 73-8 F 6 E8207 77-10 F7 Manoa Wonder 71-2 F 4 P.1. 165426 P.I. 289372 Poamoho 70-3 F 6 F 4 Manoa Wonder 73-8 F S E8207 77-12 F 7 Manoa Wonder 71-2 F4 P.I. 165426 4 Figure 1. Pedigree of 'Poamoho' pole bean.
DESCRIPTION 'Poamoho' produces attractive, long, straight pods when grown under favorable cultural conditions. The pods in Figure 2 are all about 8 inches long and are typical under good growing conditions. However, if nutrition or water is limiting, or insect infestation is heavy, both the length and straightness of the pods may be severely affected. 'Poamoho' should be grown with ample fertilization and irrigation and good insect control. Wider spacing results in earlier production. Like its parent, 'Manoa Wonder', 'Poamoho' remains free of galls when grown in soil infested with root-knot nematodes, compared to the susceptible 'Hawaiian Wonder', which becomes heavily galled. Since Rhizoctonia has not been observed on 'Poamoho', it may. be somewhat tolerant, as 'Manoa Wonder' is. The seeds develop rapidly, however, so frequent harvesting is recommended to obtain pods at the maximum length but without swollen seeds. But since no strings develop, even pods that appear to be somewhat old because of their swollen seeds are still tender and usable. 'Poamoho' has been tested at experimental farms throughout the state (Table 2). The results from different farms varied widely. Some of the differences may be due to different row widths, since different farms used different spacings. Three replications were grown at each farm. No results are shown from Waimanalo Farm because all 'Poamoho' plots there were damaged by birds. The one consistent finding is that 'Poamoho' always outyielded both 'Hawaiian Wonder' and 'Manoa Wonder'. In all cases except at Pulehu (Maui), the differences were statistically significant. (Other breeding lines similar to the one that is being named 'Poamoho' were also tested; all the breeding lines nearly always outyielded 'Hawaiian Wonder' and 'Manoa Wonder'.) 'Poamoho' usually was about 3-6 days earlier, as well. Figure 2. Harvested beans of 'Poamoho' showing indication of seed development. 5
Table 2. Yield (in :rounds ~r 20-foot plot) of :role tean cultivars at five locations in Hawaii planting Location Date Hawaiian wonder Nanoa vlonder Poamoho PoamohOZ 7/8/82 15.5 12.9 16.8 Waiakea 9/2/82 23.5 21.1 33.8 KapaaY 9/10/82 9.1 8.6 17.5 Lalanilo 8/18/82 28.3 26.9 40.4 Pulehu 11/16/82 36.9 42.4 44.1 z y severely infested with thrips. Severely infested with mites. 'Poamoho' is being named after the University farm at which most ofthe selection work leading to this cultivar was done. It should replace the presently grown 'Manoa Wonder' because it has the same kind of long, straight, flat, smooth pod, but is also stringless and tender even when older. It is slightly earlier, yields significantly more, and is equal to 'Manoa Wonder' in resistance to root-knot nematodes and tolerance of Rhizoctonia. SEED AVAILABILITY Seed samples for trial purposes (complimentary) or for purchase ($2.50 per pound plus postage) are available from Seed Distribution Program, 3190 Maile Way, Room 112, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822. DISCLAIMER Reference to a company or product name does not imply approval or recommendation of the product by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, or the United States Department of Agriculture to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. 6
Hawaii residents may order single copies of this publication free of charge from county offices. Out-oC-State inquiries or bulk orders should be sent to the Agricultural Publications and Information Office, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, 2500 Dole Street, Krauss Hall, Room 6, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822. Price per copy to bulk users, $.45 plus postage.
NOTE: As part of a structural reorganization, the Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service and the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station have been merged administratively under the name HAWAII INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN RESOURCES, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Noel P. Kefford, Director and Dean, Cooperative Extension Service, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822. An Equal Opportunity Employer providing programs and services to citizens of Hawaii without regard to race, color, national origin or sex. RESEARCH EXTENSION SERIES 051-11.84 (3M)