Disease Susceptibility of New Apple Cultivars Keith Yoder Virginia Tech AREC Winchester, VA Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention Hershey, PA February 2, 2012 With credits to Dr. Steve Miller, USDA-Kearneysville, WV
MULTI-STATE PROJECT NE-183 Multi-disciplinary Evaluation of New Apple Cultivars 1994-2004
REGIONAL PROJECT NE-183 Multidisciplinary Evaluation of New Apple Cultivars Web site: www.ne183.org Project composed of about 23 matched plantings, 1995 and 1999, in 22 states, Ontario and BC Winchester planting one of eight directed at disease evaluation; USDA-WV and others aimed at horticultural qualities and pest susceptibility Cultivars in plantings selected by the varietal selection committee chaired by Duane Greene Interim reports written annually; four joint publications in Plant Health Progress and a poster at: http://www.caf.wvu.edu/kearneysville/articles/biggs-etal-ne183-researchposter-diseasesusceptibility-arc.pdf
General Protocol for NE-183 Disease Plantings All cultivars on M.9 rootstock; Braeburn, Golden Delicious, and Yataka also on Mark in 95 planting At Winchester, '95 test trees inter-planted with Fuji; '99 with Ramey York to stabilize disease pressure Supported with conduit post; single trellis wire Five replicate blocks Minimal pruning Minimal spray program as needed to maintain tree growth - Fire blight controlled with streptomycin - Insecticides as needed - Protectant scab fungicides used sparingly - No summer fungicides Fruit disease data taken near harvest
Cultivars in the 1995 NE-183 Planting Arlet Braeburn Cameo (Carousel) Creston (BC8M15-15) * Enterprise Fortune (NY 429) Fuji, Redsport #2 Gala Supreme Ginger Gold Golden Delicious Golden Supreme * Goldrush Honeycrisp * NY 75414-1 Orin Pioneer Mac * Pristine Sansa Senshu Shizuka Suncrisp Sunrise Yataka (Fuji) * denotes scab-resistant cultivar
Cultivars in the 1999 NE-183 Planting Ambrosia BC-8S-26-50 Chinook (8S-27-51) * Coop 29 (Sundance) * Coop 39 (Crimson Crisp) * CQR10T17 * CQR12T50 (Princess) Golden Delicious, Gibson Hampshire * denotes scab-resistant cultivar (WV) not included in disease rankings Sept. Wonder Fuji Rogers McIntosh Mutsu NJ 109 NJ 90 * NY 65707-19 * NY 79507-49 * NY 79507-72 Cripps Pink (Pink Lady) Corail (Pinova) Runkel * Scarlet O Hara (Coop 25) Zestar! (MN 1824) Ramey York (VA) Red Yorking (VA)
Apple Scab Known resistant cultivars A couple surprises
Powdery mildew Dry weather disease Strong pressure at Winchester Rapid build-up on young trees 20% leaf infection reduces yield Russet / fruit infection at pink Sulfur would suppress in organic production
Local inoculum pressure Time of inoculum availability may vary Apple trees susceptible while still growing Regional differences? Data contributed by five states Hard to control with organic program Cedar-apple rust
Local inoculum pressure Quince rust inoculum in perennial cankers; c-a rust annual galls Apple trees susceptible at bloom Occurrence depends on bloom stage during wetting periods Hit or miss in evaluation period Quince rust
Basis for disease rankings ('99 planting) All individual rankings based on field data Mean ranking equally weighted for early and late season diseases Scab ranking is mean of rankings for % lvs inf. 2000-03 and % fruit inf. 01-03, Winchester Mildew based on % leaves infected 2000-03, Winchester Cedar-apple rust ranking based on % lvs infected, equal weighting of data from Winchester, 00-03 and Hudson Valley 01-02. Quince rust ranking based on mean % fruit infected Winchester, VA, 00-03 data and Hudson Valley 01-02. All summer disease rankings based on disease incidence at Winchester 01-03.
Top ten mean rank order, early season diseases NE-183 95 planting, Winchester Rankings C-apple Quince Mean Scab Mildew rust rust ranking NY 75414-1... 1 1 1 5 2.0 Gala Supreme... 4 2 1 8 3.8 Enterprise... 1 3 1 13 4.5 Pristine... 1 5 15 1 5.5 Sunrise... 14 6 1 6 6.8 Sansa... 1 4 8 19 8.0 Suncrisp... 11.5 22 1 3 9.4 Orin... 11.5 16 10 2 9.9 Pioneer Mac... 14.5 21 1 6 10.6 Yataka... 19.5 7 11 8 11.4 Mean weighted equally for early season disease rankings.
Bottom ten mean rank order, early season diseases NE-183 95 planting, Winchester Rankings C-apple Quince Mean Scab Mildew rust rust ranking Golden Supreme 17 11 7 15 12.5 Fortune... 9 12 9 23 13.3 Senshu... 16.5 9 16 17 14.6 Braeburn... 11 18 20 10 14.8 Fuji, Redsport #2 21 8 13 20 15.5 Ginger Gold... 20.5 23 19 3 16.4 G. Delicious... 14.5 20 17 15 16.6 Shizuka... 21 17 22 11 17.8 Creston... 9 19 23 22 18.3 Cameo... 21 13 18 21 18.3 Mean weighted equally for early season disease rankings.
Top ten mean rank order, summer diseases NE-183 95 planting, Winchester Rankings Brooks sooty fly Mean spot blotch speck rots ranking Pristine... 1 1 2 1 1.3 Sansa... 5 3 1 2 2.8 Sunrise... 6 2 4 4 4.0 Honeycrisp... 1 6 6 6 4.8 Arlet... 7 4 5 5 5.3 NY 75414-1... 1 5 12 8 6.5 Pioneer Mac... 1 10 15 2 7.0 Golden Supreme 9 7 9 16 10.3 Fortune... 6 9 17 9 10.3 Ginger Gold... 10 8 8 17 10.8 Mean weighted equally for all summer disease rankings.
Bottom ten mean rank order, summer diseases NE-183 95 planting, Winchester Rankings Brooks sooty fly Mean spot blotch speck rots ranking Yataka... 10 15 20 14 14.8 Suncrisp... 21 15 3 22 15.3 Cameo... 23 12 15 13 15.8 Gala Supreme... 10 20 19 15 16.0 G. Delicious... 20 13 11 21 16.3 Orin... 16 17 14 20 16.8 Senshu... 18 18 21 10 16.8 Fuji, Redsport #2 15 21 22 12 17.5 Goldrush... 14 23 23 19 19.8 Shizuka... 17 22 18 23 20.0 Mean weighted equally for all summer disease rankings.
Summer disease incidence on NE-183 cultivars in relation to harvest date and accumulated wetting hours, 1999 vs. 2000 1995 planting, Virginia Tech AREC, Winchester VA 1999 2000 harv. wet sooty fly harv. wet sooty fly Cultivar date hours blotch speck rots Cultivar date hours blotch speck rots Pristine 7/29 290 0 0 0 Pristine 7/17 489 26 12 0 Sunrise 8/12 307 0 0 0 Sunrise 8/3 646 54 12 2 Ginger Gold 8/16 321 0 0 0 Ginger Gold 8/11 721 100 18 34 Sansa 8/18 325 0 0 0 Sansa 8/11 721 20 1 1 Arlet 8/30 419 0 0 0 Arlet 8/21 768 37 1 0 Honeycrisp 8/30 419 0 0 0 Honeycrisp 8/21 768 71 17 15 Golden Sup. 9/8 489 8 2 0 Golden Sup. 8/21 768 83 12 12 NY 75414-1 9/9 498 0 0 0 Fortune 9/5 912 100 98 30 Pioneer Mac 9/9 498 6 2 0 NY 75414-1 9/5 912 93 73 12 Senshu 9/15 533 48 30 0 Senshu 9/5 912 100 81 13 Yataka 9/27 609 24 14 0 Pioneer Mac 9/5 912 100 76 1 Creston 9/27 609 38 20 0 G. Delicious 9/8 936 100 78 46 Fortune 9/27 609 20 0 2 Braeburn 9/29 1088 100 34 12 G. Delicious 10/1 653 52 10 26 Yataka 9/29 1088 100 39 31 Five reps. Cumulative wetting hours as rainfall or dew starting ten days after petal fall.
1997 order of ripening of NE-183 cultivars, Winchester, VA Approximate ripening date Sunrise... 8/4 Creston... 9/15 Pristine... 8/4 NY 75414-1... 9/20 Arlet... 8/20 Fortune... 9/22 Sansa... 8/20 Yataka... 9/22 Ginger Gold... 8/23 Golden Delicious... 9/25 Honeycrisp... 8/25 Shizuka... 10/3 Pioneer Mac... 9/1 Suncrisp... 10/6 Senshu... 9/8 Orin... 10/6 Cameo... 10/10 Enterprise... 10/15 Fuji, Redsport #2... 10/15 Gala Supreme... 10/15 Braeburn... 10/20 Goldrush... 10/29 Golden Supreme no fruit Approximate 1997 fruit ripening dates based on starch ratings, soluble solids and firmness, not on taste or confirmed storability. The long bloom period likely resulted in some variability of fruit maturity. Based on Ginger Gold and Golden Delicious, maturity at Winchester was delayed 7-10 days from normal. K. S. Yoder and R. E. Byers,1997
Top ten mean rank order, early and summer diseases NE-183, 95 planting, Winchester Rankings Early Summer Overall season disease mean Pristine... 5.5 1.3 3.4 NY 75414-1... 2.0 6.5 4.3 Sunrise... 6.8 4.0 5.4 Enterprise... 4.5 11.0 7.8 Honeycrisp... 11.5 4.8 8.2 Arlet... 11.6 5.3 8.5 Pioneer Mac... 10.6 7.0 8.8 Gala Supreme... 3.8 16.0 9.9 Golden Supreme 12.5 10.3 11.4 Fortune... 13.3 10.3 11.8 Ranking equally weighted for all disease columns.
Bottom ten mean rank order, early and summer diseases, NE-183 95 planting, Winchester Rankings Early Summer Overall season disease mean Orin... 9.9 16.8 13.4 Ginger Gold... 16.4 10.8 13.6 Braeburn... 14.8 14.5 14.7 Senshu... 14.6 16.8 15.7 Goldrush... 12.3 19.8 16.1 Creston... 18.3 14.5 16.4 G. Delicious... 16.6 16.3 16.5 Fuji, Redsport #2 15.5 17.5 16.5 Cameo... 18.3 15.8 17.1 Shizuka... 17.8 20.0 18.9 Ranking equally weighted for all disease columns.
Link to published papers: http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/yoder.asp
Joint data by several NE-183 project cooperators; poster by A. Biggs, WVU http://www.caf.wvu.edu/kearneysville/articles/biggs-etal-ne183-researchposter-diseasesusceptibility-arc.pdf
Relative Susceptibility of Apple Cultivars and Selections from the NE-183 Regional Project
Apple scab, % leaves infected, 1995 NE-183 Cultivars Cultivar NY NC VA WV Ginger Gold (most) 34 26 33 31 Orin 48 28 24 26 Pioneer Mac 46 38 23 25 Cameo 33 22 30 26 Shizuka 33 21 28 25 Sunrise 35 21 22 26 Yataka 31 18 28 31 Braeburn 39 15 18 24 Fuji Red Sport #2 29 14 25 26 Suncrisp 33 16 22 22 Golden Delicious 32 18 20 15 Golden Supreme 21 25 18 21 Arlet 29 19 12 14 Senshu 23 14 23 20 Creston 27 11 8 13 Fortune 26 7 2 9 Honeycrisp 19 0 <1 11 Sansa 16 0 0 5 Gala Supreme 9 0 <1 4 NY 75414-1* 3 0 <1 0 GoldRush* 1 0 <1 0 Enterprise* 1 0 0 0 Pristine* <1 0 0 0 Data from 97-98 (NY), 98 (NC), 96-98 (VA), and 96-98 (WV).
Apple scab, % fruit infected, 1995 NE-183 Cultivar NY VA WV Fuji Red Sport #2 32 z 41 28 Pioneer Mac 36 19 74 Cameo 30 35 19 Shizuka 24 38 27 Yataka 24 24 51 Golden Supreme 10 35 38 Orin 27 23 27 Senshu 26 34 16 Sunrise 23 19 33 Ginger Gold 16 29 31 Arlet 29 24 14 Fortune 30 11 16 Braeburn 23 15 17 Creston 28 5 8 Suncrisp 25 1 3 Golden Delicious 17 18 7 Sansa 9 0 14 Gala Supreme 22 1 2 GoldRush* 3 0 0 Honeycrisp 1 0 0 Enterprise* <1 0 0 Pristine* 0 0 0 NY 75414-1* 0 0 0 Data: 97 and 98 (WV), 97-99, 03-04 (NY), and 1997-2001 (VA).
Relative Susceptibility of Apple Cultivars and Selections from the NE-183 Regional Project
Cedar-apple rust, % leaves or fruit infected, 1995 NE-183 % leaves infected (no. of years data) % fruit Cultivar NC (1) VA (2) WV (3) NY (4) CT (3) NY (5) VA (1) Creston 33 27 32 23 45 1 0 GoldRush* 35 23 27 22 44 5 0 Shizuka 29 25 28 27 36 1 0 Cameo 19 21 22 16 36 1 2 Golden Delicious 23 22 17 18 33 0 1 Braeburn 27 23 21 14 33 1 1 Ginger Gold 19 23 19 15 31 1 1 Arlet 24 16 19 15 29 0 1 Pristine* 18 17 17 13 26 0 0 Senshu 14 19 8 12 23 1 1 Fuji Red Sport #2 8 11 13 10 26 0 2 Yataka 18 7 11 9 28 0 6 Honeycrisp 30 10 11 7 21 0 0 Orin 20 7 11 11 20 0 0 Sunrise 27 <1 7 <1 15 0 0 Suncrisp 7 <1 2 2 18 0 1 Golden Supreme 0 <1 1 <1 16 0 0 Pioneer Mac 5 0 3 <1 12 0 0 Fortune 15 <1 3 <1 7 0 1 Sansa 6 <1 <1 3 8 0 1 Enterprise* 0 0 <1 1 10 0 0 NY 75414-1* 1 0 1 <1 9 0 0 Gala Supreme 0 0 3 <1 6 0 0 - Higher amount of infection in CT for Enterprise, Mac, Golden Supreme and Suncrisp suggests possible difference in genetic make-up of inoculum there. - Note unusual amounts of fruit infection on GoldRush in NY and Yataka in VA.
Relative Susceptibility of Apple Cultivars and Selections from the NE-183 Regional Project
Mildew, % leaves infected, 1995 NE-183 Cultivar x NY VA WV Ginger Gold 44 52 6 Suncrisp 23 36 5 GoldRush* 30 28 9 Creston 19 30 8 Braeburn 17 30 8 Shizuka 23 30 4 Pioneer Mac 15 33 5 Orin 17 29 5 Golden Delicious 16 31 4 Honeycrisp 14 29 4 Cameo 15 27 4 Sunrise 13 17 4 Arlet 10 22 5 Sansa 12 15 7 Golden Supreme 14 23 2 Fortune 12 26 2 Yataka 3 19 3 Fuji Red Sport #2 5 19 3 Senshu 7 21 2 Pristine* 8 16 2 Enterprise* 5 14 3 NY 75414-1* 6 8 2 Gala Supreme 3 9 2 Data: VA ( 95-98); WV. ( 95-98); NY ( 95-98). Good resistance by Pristine, Enterprise, NY 75414-1 and Gala Supreme. Scab resistant cultivar GoldRush is very susceptible to mildew
Top ten mean rank order, early season diseases, NE-183 99 planting, Winchester Rankings VA/ NY quince Mean Scab mildew c-a rust rust ranking NY 79507-72... 1 7 1 16 6.3 Coop 29 (Sundance)... 1 23 1 1 6.5 NY 65707-19... 1 4 5 18 7.0 NY 79507-49... 1 10 3 14 7.0 BC-8S-26-50... 9 5 12 13 9.8 Scarlet O Hara (Coop 25) 1 8 23 7 9.8 Hampshire... 24 6 7 4 10.3 Runkel... 14 16 8 5 10.8 Red Yorking... 17 14 14 1 11.5 Corail (Pinova)... 11 20 11 6 12.0 All diseases weighted equally for early season disease mean rankings
Bottom ten mean rank order, early season diseases, NE-183 99 planting, Winchester Rankings VA/NY quince Mean scab mildew c-a rust rust ranking Zestar (MN 1824)... 19 3 6 24 13.0 Chinook (8S-27-51)... 20 12 13 8 13.3 CQR12T50 (Princess)... 1 9 21 22 13.3 Golden Del. (Gibson)... 12 13 18 12 13.8 McIntosh... 15 22 3 17 14.3 NJ 109... 10 11 17 20 14.5 Mutsu... 23 18 14 10 16.3 Coop 39 (Crimson Crisp) 1 21 22 23 16.8 CQR10T17... 1 24 24 21 17.5 Cripps Pink (Pink Lady)... 21 19 19 11 17.5 All diseases weighted equally for early season disease mean rankings.
Top ten mean rank order, early and summer diseases, NE-183 99 planting, Winchester Rankings Early Summer Overall Cultivar season disease mean NY 79507-72... 6.3 6.5 6.4 NY 79507-49... 7.0 6.8 6.9 September Wonder Fuji 12.3 5.3 8.8 NY 65707-19... 7.0 12.5 9.8 BC-8S-26-50... 9.8 10.0 9.9 NJ 90... 13.0 6.8 9.9 Hampshire... 10.3 11.0 10.7 Scarlet O Hara (Coop 25) 9.8 11.8 10.8 McIntosh... 14.3 8.5 11.4 Zestar! (MN 1824)... 13.0 9.8 11.4
Bottom ten mean rank order, early and summer diseases, NE-183 99 planting, Winchester Rankings Early Summer Overall Cultivar season disease mean NJ 109... 14.5 9.5 12.0 Red Yorking... 11.5 12.8 12.2 CQR12T50 (Princess)... 13.3 12.0 12.7 CQR10T17... 17.5 8.5 13.0 Coop 39 (Crimson Crisp) 16.8 9.8 13.3 Ambrosia... 12.8 15.5 14.2 Golden Del. (Gibson)... 13.8 16.0 14.9 Chinook (8S-27-51)... 13.3 17.5 15.4 Cripps Pink (Pink Lady)... 17.5 15.3 16.4 Mutsu... 16.3 16.8 16.6
Top ten mean rank order, summer diseases NE-183 99 planting, Winchester Brooks sooty fly Mean spot blotch speck rots ranking September Wonder Fuji 1 9 10 1 5.3 NY 79507-72... 15 2 5 4 6.5 NJ 90... 1 6 14 6 6.8 NY 79507-49... 1 12 6 8 6.8 CQR10T17... 1 7 13 13 8.5 McIntosh... 1 14 18 1 8.5 NJ 109... 21 3 2 12 9.5 Coop 39 (Crimson Crisp) 23 5 4 7 9.8 Zestar (MN 1824)... 18 1 1 19 9.8 BC-8S-26-50... 1 4 23 23 10.0 Mean ranking equally weighted for all disease columns.
Bottom ten mean rank order, summer diseases, NE-183 99 planting, Winchester Brooks sooty fly Mean spot blotch speck rots ranking CQR12T50 (Princess) 1 14 17 16 12.0 NY 65707-19... 24 13 8 5 12.5 Runkel... 14 11 9 17 12.8 Red Yorking... 1 21 19 10 12.8 Cripps Pink (Pink Lady) 1 23 23 14 15.3 Ambrosia... 1 19 21 21 15.5 Golden Del. (Gibson)... 17 18 11 18 16.0 Mutsu... 15 16 16 20 16.8 Coop 29 (Sundance)... 1 24 22 22 17.3 Chinook (8S-27-51)... 1 21 24 24 17.5 Mean ranking equally weighted for all disease columns.
Thinning mummy- a source of rot inoculum on Fortune
Brooks spot on NE-183 cultivars, Winchester, 1997
Brooks spot on fruit of NE-183 cultivars, 1997 Winchester, VA Pristine... Sunrise... Ginger Gold... Honeycrisp... Sansa... *Fortune... Pioneer Mac... *NY 75414-1... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Percent fruit infected *Enterprise... 0 *Arlet... 5 Senshu... 8 Yataka... 8 Gala Supreme... 9 Goldrush... 9 Fuji, Redsport #2... 10 Shizuka... Orin... G. Delicious... Suncrisp... *Braeburn... Creston... Cameo... Based on harvest samples. * Two or more replications with fewer than six fruit / tree. 12 14 21 21 29 31 51 K. S. Yoder and R. E. Byers
Alternaria leaf blotch Red Delicious susceptible to toxin Causes severe defoliation; poor fruit color and flavor Starts as a purple spot, then brownish orange with purple margin Aggravated by mites 7-day life cycle High potential for fungicide resistance
Leafspot severity on foliage of NE-183 cultivars Blairsville, GA, 1997 Cameo... 0.33 Pristine... 0.33 Gala Supreme 0.50 NY 75414-1... 0.50 Suncrisp... 0.63 *Ginger Gold... 0.70 Enterprise... 0.75 Leafspot rating *Honeycrisp... Fortune... *Braeburn... *Yataka... *Arlet... *Fuji, Redsport #2 Sunrise... 0.75 0.75 0.83 0.90 0.90 1.00 1.10 Goldrush... Creston... *G. Delicious... *Orin... Shizuka... *Golden Supreme Data collected by W. Copes. Rated 11/3/97 on a scale of 0-3: 0= no leafspots; 1= 1-5 spots per leaf ; 2= 6-10 spots per leaf; 3= 11-15 spots per leaf. * Results comparable to ratings by Filajdic & Sutton in Henderson Co., 1992-93. 1.20 1.50 1.67 1.83 2.25 2.38
Glomerella leaf spot Necrotic leaf blotch T. B. Sutton
Susceptibility to new disease? Glomerella Pink Lady and Gala susceptible
Glomerella leaf spot -examples from Hendersonville, NC area Pink Lady Golden Delicious
Water core in CQR10T17 NE-183 cultivar, Winchester, VA
Ten least disease-prone cultivars NE-183 95 and 99 plantings 95 planting: Pristine--immune to scab, escapes some summer diseases NY 75414-1--resistant to scab, c-a rust and mildew Sunrise-- Enterprise --resistant to scab, c-a rust and mildew Honeycrisp-- 99 planting: NY 79507-72--resistant to scab, c-a rust and mildew NY 79507-49--resistant to scab, c-a rust and mildew September Wonder Fuji NY 65707-19--resistant to scab, c-a rust and mildew BC-8S-26-50--
Considerations for Utilizing Disease Resistance in New Apple Plantings Cultivars must have market potential. Try to plan and set out test plantings of interesting cultivars with matched resistance to allow a reduction in the fungicide program for the whole block. If you choose to plant a cultivar which is highly susceptible to a given disease (such as mildew), having another similarly susceptible cultivar in the planting will provide more economic incentive to manage that disease more intensely. Matched plantings of early ripening cultivars may escape some of the summer diseases in drier years. Disease resistance should be utilized to its fullest in any effort in organic production. Pollination and harvest considerations?
Other thoughts about cultivar evaluation process: Disease secondary to horticultural qualities Some diseases may take some time to build up Early evaluation of fruit in 3-5 years is what it is... - may have more problem from bitter pit before trees settle down Process successfully showed some regional differences in disease and adaptability In spite of findings, we still try to grow adesirable variety out of its optimal range Project was re-written and renewed for a second 5-yr term, but then it became difficult to obtain the most promising new candidates to plant Kids taste-testing; favorite apple???
Multidisciplinary Evaluation of New Apple Cultivars (by 4th-graders)
Questions??? Link to published papers: http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/yoder.asp
NY 75414-1 Immune to scab; resistant cedar-apple rust and mildew Parentage: Liberty X MacSpur (McIntosh type) 1997 Winchester ripening date: Sept. 20 Good fruit size Average vigor
Enterprise Immune to scab; resistant to cedar-apple rust and mildew Parentage: PRI 1661-2 X PRI 1661-1, was Co-op 30 1997 Winchester ripening date: Oct. 15 Good fruit size and firmness Most vigorous cultivar in NE-183 planting A mystery spot seems to be suppressed by Ca sprays
Gala Supreme Resistance to scab, cedar-apple rust and mildew Parentage: chance seedling; not a Gala strain 1997 Winchester ripening date: Oct. 15 Good flavor and fruit size Moderately vigorous on M.9 Abnormal growth around stem (may be frost related)
Pristine Immune to scab; resistant to mildew, moderately susceptible to cedar-apple rust Parentage: Carnuzat X PRI1659-10; was Co-op 32 1997 Winchester ripening date: early, Aug. 4 Heavy bloom in 3rd leaf; small fruit size with heavy crop
Sansa Ranked 4th in combined foliar resistance to scab, mildew, cedar-apple rust and leaf spots Parentage: Gala X Akane 1997 Winchester ripening date: Aug. 20 Although foliage is disease resistant by evaluation standards, tree suffers from a chronic chlorosis which appears to cause early defoliation and reduced vigor.
Goldrush Immune to scab; resistant to mildew; highly susceptible to cedar-apple rust Parentage: Golden Delicious X Co-op 17; was Co-op 31 1997 Winchester ripening date: Oct. 29 Considered to have processing potential and store well Relatively low vigor in NE-183 planting