DAK LAK PROVINCE 1 Basic Information 1.1 Geography 1 Dak Lak (in M nông language: Dak = water, Lak = lake), Đắk Lắk, or Darlac (French name) is one of the five provinces in the Central Highlands. Dak Lak iss home to a high number of indigenous people who are not ethnically Vietnamese and one of the cradles nurturing the space of gong culture 2 recognized by UNESCO. Dak Lak is renowned for its magnificent forests, rivers, lakes, and majestic waterfalls in the midst of an enchanting gong culture. - Area (km 2 ) 13,125 - Population (2011) 1,771,8000 * Male/Female 894,200 (50.46)/877,600 (49.54%) * Population of labor age (2010) 1,052,1500 - Administrative units: Buon Me Thuot City, Buon Ho Town, and 13 districts - GDP growth in 2012 (%) 8.57 - GDP in 2012 (at constant price 1994) (bil. VND) 15,180 Average GDP per capita (US$ $) (2012) 1,185 - Total accumulated FDI projects until June 2012 8 * Total registered capital (mil. US$) (accumulated) 1666 KAMPUCHEA 6 8 Gia Lai Province 7 9 5 II 10 Phu Yen Province 4 11 I Dăk Nong Province 133 3 I Buon Ma Thuot City II Buon Ho Town 12 Distri icts 2 1 Lak 8 Ea Hleo 2 Krong Ana 9 Krong Nang 3 Cu Kuin 10 Ea Kar Khanh Hoa 4 Cu M gar 11 M Drak 1 Province 5 Buon Don 12 Krong Bong 6 Ea Sup 13 Krong Pak 7 Krong Buk Lam Dong Provincee 1 http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%c4%90%e1%ba%afk_l%e1%ba%afk 2 The UNESCO recognized Gong culture as a Masterpiece of thee Intangible Heritage of Humanity on November 25, 2005. 1
- Export turnover (mil. US$, 2012) 730.2 (coffee, rubber, cashew nut, pepper, cocoa, honey, tapioca, wood products, etc.) - Import turnover (mil. US$, 2012) 19.3 (raw materials for production, machinery and equipment for industry and hydropower plants, etc.) Dak Lak was established by separating from Laos under the Decree dated 22/11/1904 of the Governor-general of Indochina. The province was ruled by French Resident Superior of the Central then. Dak Lak was re-established on 26 November 2003 by separating Dak Lak Province into two Dak Lak and Dak Nong. The former is the largest in Vietnam, bordering Gia Lai Province to the north and Lam Dong Province to the south, Kampuchea to the west by a borderline of 73 km, Dak Nong Province to the northwest, and two provinces of Phu Yen and Khanh Hoa to the east. Dak Lak is famous for coffee, rubber and traditional festivals. Dak Lak is in the center of the Highlands, at the origating source of the Serepork River network and a part of the Ba River. The province is well positioned in a strategic site in terms of national socio-economy, security, and national defence. Thanks to all year-round temperate climate and relatively deiversified and abundant soil with over 8 different types, the area of 700,000 ha of basaltic soil can be developed into industrial plantations of coffee, rubber, and short-term industrial plants of high economic value. Dak Lak forest has the highest reserve of many rare and precious wood types. The provincial territory is a junction of many national roads. Dak Lak is likened to a link connecting the central coastal region with the Central Highlands, the lower Laos, and the northeast Kampuchea. 3 The National Road (NR) no. 14C runs along the 73-km borderline, creating favorable conditions for border economic development in association with national defence protection. Buon Ma Thuot City, the leading site in Vietnam in coffee quality and quantity, is the politial, socio-economic center of the entire Central Highlands. The coffee trade brand of Buon Ma Thuot has been announced to the world since 2005. The yearly coffee festival has been held since then, accompanied by many special cultural and business communication programs and attended by thousands of domestic and international visitors. 4 Buon Ma Thuot City is a busy intersection of NR no. 14 (running from the north to the south) with NR no. 26 and NR no. 27, conneting the city with Nha Trang City (Khanh Hoa Province), Da Lat City (Lam Dong Province), and Pleiku City (Gia Lai Province). In the future, when the Ho Chi Minh Road is built together with the airway upgrading, Dak Lak will be the important communication hub linking national economic centers such as Da Nang City and HCMC. This would generate great and fresh momentum to the economic development of Dak Lak Province as well as the entire Central Highlands. 5 The provincial industry gains a distinct advantage by a bauxite reserve of about 5.4 billion tons distributing in the south of Dak Lak. In addition, there are others mines such as kaolin, clay for brick and tile production, gem, peat, mineral water, gold, lead, phosphorous, etc. The hydropower is estimated at 2.6 billion kwh but it is still far from being harnessed, especially the 3 http://www.coviet.vn/home/tri-thuc-viet/bai-viet-n0fdqjbdmdi/tinh-dak-lak 4 http://www.coviet.vn/home/tri-thuc-viet/detail.aspx 5 http://daklak.gov.vn/portal/page/portal/daklak 2
network of Serepok River and the Dong Nai River. Many small rivers and streams scattering in the entire province such as Dak Rtik, Ea Sup, Krong Nang can be used to develop small- and medium-szie hydropower projects. 1.2 Population 6 Please see Annex 1: Population of Dak Lak Province, 1995, 2000-2011, page 19 According to the Population Census on 1/4/2011, the population of Dak Lak is 1,771,800 with a population density of 135 inhabitants/km², but unevenly distributed. The density is highest at Buon Me Thuot City (840.5 people/km²) and district-level townlets, along axis of national roads no. 14, no. 26, and no. 27 such as Krong Buk, Krong Pak, Krông Ana, Ea Kar (about 250-350 people/km 2 ). Districts having low population density are those in especially disadvantaged situation such as Ea Sup, Buon Don, Lalk, Krong Bong, M Drak, Ea Hleo, etc. (under 100 people/km 2 ), and lowest in Bac Ai District (24 people/km²). The urban and rural population is 436,000 (24.6%) and 1,335,800 (75.3%) respectively. The population growth rate decreased from 24.4 to 10.8 in 2010 but increased to 12,9 in recent years mainly due to free immigration, creating pressure on land allocation, living, security, and ecological environment. Year 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Population 1,398,3 1,860,9 1,635,6 1,658,5 1,677,8 1,696,6 1,715,1 1,735,7 1,754,0 x 1,000 According to the statistics of Vietnam General Statistics Office, there are 450,728 people confirming their belief in the Population Census 2009. Christianity Protestant Buddhism Caodaism Hoa Hao Islam Others Believer 171,661 149,526 125,698 3,572 162 65 31 The population is mainly composed of Kinh people (1,161,533, the dominant group in Vietnam), along with ethnic groups of Ede (298,534) 7, Nung (71,461), Tay (51,285, M nong (40,344) 8, Mong (22,760), Thai (17,135), Muong (15,510), Gia Rai, Chinese, etc. The ethinic minorities settle in 125 out of 170 communes in Dak Lak, concentrating mainly in high and remote areas. Besides the indigenous minorities, there are other ethnic migrants from the north and the central living in Dak Lak. 1.3 Administration Dak Lak has 15 administrative units, including: Buon Ma Thuot City (a first-class city and provincial center), Buon Ho Town, 13 districts of Buon Don, Cu Kuin, Cu M'Gar, Ea H'leo, Ea Kar, Ea Sup, Krong Bong, Krong Buk, Krong Pak, Lak, M Drak, Krong Ana, Krong Nang, and 180 communes, wards, and townlets 6 http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%c4%90%e1%ba%afk_l%e1%ba%afk 7 The Ede ethnic speak the language family of Malayo-Polynesian, settling mainly in northern and southern districts from Ea Hleo, Buon Ho to M Drak and up to Buon Ma Thuot. 8 The M'nong ethnic speak the langage family of Mon-Khmer, settling mainly in southern districts and along the southwest border. 3
Provincial People s Committeee (since 2011) + Chairman Mr. Hoang Trong Hai - Native village Tam Quan Bac Commune, Hoai Nhon District Binh Thuan Province - Date of birth 24/9/1954 - Education Bachelor of Economics andd Finance - Current position Chairman of Dak Lak Provincial People s Committee Vice Standing Secretary of Party Committee, Dak Lak Province - Party admission date 1972 - Official admissiond date N/A Service record: N/A Vice Chairman Mr. Y Dhăm Ênuôl Vice Chairman Dinh Van Khiet Vice Chairman Mr. Tran Hieu Vice Chairwoman Ms Mai Hoan Niê Kdăm Provincial Party Committee + Secretary Mr. Nie Thuat 2 Topography and climate 9 Dak Lak is situated in the western end of Truong Son Range, at the originating source of the Serepok River system and a part of the Ba River. The province lies in a large plateau with corrugated, relatively flat terrain sloping from the southeast to the northwest, and alternatee low plains along main rivers. The average height is 650 m above sea level. The high mountain area concentrates in the south and the southeast, accounting for 35% of the provincial area, with an average height of 1,000 1, 200 m and the highest peak is Chu Yang Sin (2,405 m). The Ban Me Thuot Plateau and adjacentt areas are relatively flat, accounting for 53.5% of the natural area, with an average height of 450 m. The low terrain accounts for 12 % of the natural area, concentrating in districts of Krong Ana, Krong No,, Lak, and Ea Sup table land. In the middle of highlands, Buon Ma Thuot City stretches over 90 km from north to south and about 70 km from east to west with the surface of a wavy hill form. The slope is from 30-800 and average height is 475 m with an area of 371 km 2, occupying 28% of the province. Most of the plateau area is fertilee basalt soil. 10 Climate The climate is pleasant and emperate with the tropical humidity of highlands, and is affected by the dry southwestt monsoon with two distinct seasons: the dry season from November to April when it is cool accompanied by low humidity, high evaporation by strong northeast wind, 9 http://www.daklakdpi.gov.vn/doc-tin/ /tabid/162/flag/2/topic/ol6653h1215t764810/language/vi-vn/default.aspx 10 http://vi..wikipedia.org/wiki/%c4%90%e1%ba%afk_l%e1%ba%afk and http://www.vietrade.gov. vn/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id= =1155:orientation-of-dak-lak- socio-economic-development-up-to-2020-part-1&catid=294:dak-lak-province&itemid=271 4
causing serious drought; the rainy season from May to October and July, August, September are the months with highest rainfall, accounting for 80 90 % of the total 1,900-2,000 mm a year. Raining in the east of Dak Lak lasts until November because the area is affected by the east side of Truong Son Range. The average yearly temperature is 24 o C with 37 o C the highest (the hottest month is April), and the lowest temperature is 14 o C (the coldest month is December). The average relative humidity is 81%. There is no storm in Dak Lak. In general, the climates are different by regions and the temperature decreases by elevation. The area under 300 m is hot by sunshine all year-round, hot and humid from 400 800 m, and cool over 800 m. The climatic features which are affected the tropical monsoon and year-round mild tempearture in the highlands have created ecological agriculture areas suitable for many plants, especially long-term industrial plants such as coffee, pepper, rubber, cashew, cotton, etc. However, the rainfall by season may hinder development of agricultural production. 3 Resources 3.1 Land resources 11 (Please see Annex 2: Soil types of Dak Lak Province, page 20) The total area is 1,312,450 ha in the Land Inventory 2005 of Dak Lak Province. The land comprises the following types: No. Land type Area (ha) Rate (%) 1 Agriculture land 1,084,600 82.64 1.1 Land for agricultural production 464,800 35.41 1.2 Forest land 618,200 47.1 1.2.1 Forest land for production purpose 246,600 18.8 1.2.2 Forest for preventive purpose 143,400 10.9 1.2.3 Forest for special purpose 228,200 17.4 1.3 Land for aquaculture 1,597 1.4 Other agriculture land Over 11,000 2 Non-agriculture land 91,550 6.98 2.1 Urban residential land 2,200 2.2 Rural resiential land 10,700 2.3 Land for special purpose 45,500 2.4 Land for religion and belief 96.97 2.5 Cemetery 1,670 2.6 Surface of rivers and streams for special purpose 31,300 2.7 Other non-agriculture land 13,300 10.39 3 Unused land 136,300 3.1 Unused flat land 12,000 3.2 Unused mountainous land 123,800 Total (1) + (2) + (3) 1,312,450 There are 12 soil types according to the classification published by FAO UNESCO in 1995. The rich, flat red soil is a great advantage to develop agriculture because it is easy for exploitation and requires low investment for improvement. Moreover, its ecological reliability is high. There are 311,429 ha of basaltic soil (Ferrasols), occupying 23.7% of the area. It is mostly 11 http://www.vietrade.gov.vn/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1155:orientation-of-dak-laksocio-economic-development-up-to-2020-part-1&catid=294:dak-lak-province&itemid=271 and http://www.daklakdpi.gov.vn/doc-tin/tabid/162/flag/2/topic/ol6653h1215t764810/language/vi-vn/default.aspx 5
located on relatively flat terrain ideal for developing long-term industrial trees such as coffee and rubber. Dak Lak is endowed with grey soil (Acrisols), brown soil (Lixisols), dark brown soil (Phaeozems) having high homogeneity of fertility, advantageous for developing food crops, short-term industrial trees and bushes, fruit trees and some other perennial plants. The Gley soil (Gleysols) distributes in sunken areas of districts of Lak, Kron Ana, and Krong Bong. 3.2 Water resources 12 The network of rivers and streams is dense and evenly distributed. However, its waterretaining capacity is so poor due to steep terrains that all small springs become dry during the dry season. Dak Lak has 2 major river systems emanating from the Serepok River and Ba River (i) The Serepok River system flows in northwestern direction, converging into the Mekong River, with a 341 km length running through the province. The associated total area is 30,100 km 2 and has two main tributaries the Krong Ana and Krong No Rivers, the Krong H nang and Dong Nai River. The Serepok River is of enormous potential for hydropower, with total storage capacity of 1,000 MW, (ii) The associated area of Ba River is 13,900 km 2, located northeast of the province and has two main tributaries flowing within the province - Krong Hin and Krong Nang. These two rivers originate from the high mountains and flow through areas having high and abundant rainfall. In addition, the water resources in Dak Lak are complemented by 500 lakes, some 25 m deep, 1,000 springs, and some man-made lakes such as Lak, Ea Kao, Buon Triet, and Ea So. These are water resources on the plateau that can serve irrigation, sightseeing, aquaculture, ecology, and environmental protection. Especially, they can be used to develop small and medium-scale hydro-power projects, such as Dak Rtik, Ea Sup, and Krong Nang. The estimated hydro-power is about 2,6 billion kwh but far from exploitation, especially along elevations of the Serepok and Dong Nai river network. With an average annual rainfall of 1,900 mm, Dak Lak receives 38.8 billion m 3 of water of which the amount flowing to the current is about 17.5 billion m 3. The underground water source in basalt soil is relatively substantial with an industrial reserve of about 21,028,000 m 3 /day in Buon Me Thuot Plateau. The underground water of large reserve at the depth of 40 90 m. distributed in basalt area needs signifiant investment. The locals are exploiting the underground water at the depth of 10-40 m for daily needs, household economy, and coffee plantations. The total amount of underground water used in the dry season is about 482,400 m 3 /day. 3.3 Mineral resources 13 Dak Lak has potential in minerals for industrial development of construction materials such as - Kaolin reserves used as raw material for ceramics: 37 million tons (34 million tons at the M Drak mine at Ea Kar District s Knop mine; 3 million tons, mainly in M'Drak, Ea Kar). - Clay for tile and brick production with an estimated reserve of 50 million tons, distributed in districts of Krong Ana, M Drak, Buon Ma Thuot, Cu Jut and many sites in Dak Lak. 12 http://www.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/cactinhvathanhpho/tinhdaklak/thongtintinhthanh? and http://www.vietrade.gov.vn/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1155:orientation-of-dak-laksocio-economic-development-up-to-2020-part-1&catid=294:dak-lak-province&itemid=271 13 http://www.daklakdpi.gov.vn/doc-tin/tabid/162/flag/2/topic/ol6653h1215t764810/language/vi- VN/Default.aspx 6
- Two mines of feldspar with total reserves of 3 million tons. (M Drak s Hnang Krong mine has 0.74 million tons; Ea Kar District s Iak Bo mine 2 million tons.) Feldspar is mined for distribution to ceramic producers. - Construction sand and gravel is in rivers, streams, river depressions and streams in the western districts of Krong Ana, Lak, Krong Bong, Krong Pak, Ea H'leo, and Buon Ma Thuot. The North Chu Pong mine has identified reserves of about 8 million m 3 of sand and gravel. - Building stone including granite in Ea H leo, Krong Bong, with a reserve of nearly 1 billion m 3, basalt, etc. - Peat with 20 sites scattered in the province. Peat deposits are in Ea Pok, Buon Ja Wam, Cuor Dang, Krong Ana, and Ea Ktur etc. - Bauxit mines with a reserve of about 5.4 billion ton having alumina content about 35-40%, concentraing in Dak Nong District and the south of Dak Lak. The surface of bauxit area is good basalt soil currently covered by forest or long-term industrial plants. - The mineral water resource is in Dak Mi District, with an exploitable capacity of 800m 3 /day for 20 to 30 years. - Besides, Dak Lak is endowed with other minerals such as lead (in Ea H leo), zinc, fluorite, gold (in Ea Kar), phosphorus (in Buon Don), gems, zinc, fluorite with inconsiderable reserve. 3.4 Forest resources 14 Dak Lak has 620,000 ha of forestry land, of which the natural forest is 585,939 ha. The coverage rate of forest is 46%. The wood reserve is over 50 million m 3. There are Yok Don National Park, the largest one in Vietnam, at 115,500 ha and four special-use forests, i.e. Chu Yang Sin National Park (districts of Krong Bong, Lak), South Kar Nature Reserve (Lak District) and Lak Lake the historical environmental-culture forest (Lak District), and Ea So Nature Reserve (Ea Kar District), each spanning 20,000 60,000 ha. The forest stretches in upper reache of large rivers and streams, playing an important role in prevention and protection of ecological and water resources of Dak Lak and the entire region. Dak Lak has mountains covered by forests of biological diversity (closed broadleaf forest, evergreen forest, coniferous tropical forest, semi-evergreen rain forest, sparse forest, mixed bamboo forest, and natural grass). There are more than 3,000 species of plants with precious trees such as barian kingwood (Dalbergia), rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis), yellow flamboyant (Peltophorum pterocarpum), bassia (Madhuca pierrei), Pterocarpus macrocarpus, etc. and 93 mammals, 197 species of birds, some of which are recorded in the Red List of Threatened Species, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 3.5 Tourism resources 15 With a temperate climate, average temperature of 20.7ºC and annual average rainfall of 2,000 mm, Dak Lak boasts favorite primeval forests in Yok Don National Park, Ea Kao Forest Park, Buon Don which is well known as the native land of elephant hunters and trainers throughout Southeast Asia. Buon Me Thuot City is considered as one of the world coffee metropolis. 14 http://www.daklakdpi.gov.vn/doc-tin/tabid/162/flag/2/topic/ol6653h1215t764810/language/vi- VN/Default.aspx 15 http://www.dpibinhthuan.gov.vn/tiemnang 7
+ Ecotourism and scenery - Chu Yang Sin National Park: The Chu Yang Sin Mountain range consists of many mountain peaks, of which the 2,422 m Chu Yang Sin peak is the highest. The Park covers 59,667 ha, with tropical climate of high mountain. The topography has many slopes, facilitating varieties of forests with diversified flora and fauna, of which 44 species are rare and precious animals listed on Vietnam's Red Book such as big halcyons, great hornbills, and white headed hornbills. - Kron Kmar Waterfalls: Originate from the highest top of Chu Yang Sin Range which is considered the roof of the Highlands, the Krong Kmar River cascades to the foot of the mountain, forming the Krong Kmar Waterfall. Upstream, atop the Chu Yang Sin range, water falls down and forms various terraces. The waterfall produces white spume, creating a series of roaring sound that echo through the forest. - Ako Dhong Village (or Co Thon): There are about 300 villagers of the Ede and M Nong minorities. "Ako" means the original source in the E De's language, and "Dhong" means Valley, the Valley of the original source of Ea Nhon Spring. This is a village famous for its prosperity, and is often called "The village of tile-roofed houses" or "Ama Rin Village". - Lak: The mysterious land of Lak not only attracts tourists but also is considered as the symbol of Dak Lak's unique culture, which expresses in the sound of lithopone - a product of the traditional culture of the Central Highlands. - The tourist resort of Ea Kao Lake covers an area of 120 ha. (excluding the lake surface) with various areas, including amusement parks, gardens, restaurants, natural reserve and guesthouses. This tourist resort is surrounded with numerous green trees, which contributes to maintaining and restoring the province ecological environment, as well as to preserving and promoting cultural values of the ethnic groups in the region. Visitors to Ea Kao Lake will have opportunities to relax and enjoy fresh air, and take part in entertainment, tourist and cultural activities. The mysterious land around the 500-ha Lak Lake not only attracts tourists but also is considered as the symbol of Dak Lak's unique culture, which expresses in the sound of lithopone - a product of the traditional culture of the Central Highlands. - Other ecotourism sites are Dray Nur, Gia Long, Dray H Linh, Ea So Nature Reserves, Dak Tuor Cave, and Upper Ea Sup Lake etc. + Cultural tourism and history: Buon Ma Thuot Stockade, Dak Lak Ethnological Museum Dak Lak has a diversified cultural identity comprising the ancient oral epics of Dam San, Xinh Nha, and Dram Bi with thousands of sentence, languages of the Ede and Mnong ethnic minorities, Dan Da (lithophone) 16, musical instrument of T rung, K long put, etc. Dak Lak is a part of the Space of Gong Culture in the Highlands, recognized by UNESCO in 2005. The culture sees gongs as a privileged connection between men and the supernatural, where each gong houses a deity whose power corresponds to the gong's age. The tourism festivals include gong festival, new rice festival, coffee festival, elephant race festival, buffalo-stabbing festival, and other festivals of the ethnic minorities are organized yearly as a tradition. Particularly, Buon Ma Thuot Coffee festival, held every two years, is a unique event in honour of coffee production. Dak Lak has 23 revolutionany historical relics, 2 cultural relics, 13 architectural relics, 8 archaeological relics until 2010. Other famous historical 16 Discovered by the French in 1949. Dan Da lithophone is a musical instrument with 11 slabs of stone. Later, four more Dan Da were discovered in Song Be and Khanh Hoa. It results from researches that Dan Da existed between 4,000 10,000 years ago. 8
and cultural sights are Khai Doan Pagoda, Bao Dai Palace, Buon Ma Thuot Prison, Giao Lac Temple and Monument, Ako Dhong Valley, ancient wooden house, etc. The Dak Lak Museum houses a fine collection of over 8,000 cultural and historical artifacts and objects. 3.6 Human resources 17 Until 2006, Dak Lak has 968,843 laborers, accounting for 55.8% of total population, of which 360,000 (37.15%) have been vocationally trained. Target 2005 2010 2015 2020 Growth rate 2006-2010 2011-2015 2016-2020 Total 796.5 957.7 1.080.6 1.177.6 3.75 2.44 1.73 1 Industry - construction 58.4 96.7 156.7 223.7 10.62 10.13 7.39 Percentage as of total 7.1 10.1 14.5 19.0 2 Agriculture - Forestry 630.6 709.7 702.4 647.7 2.39-0.21-1.61 Percentage as of total 76.3 74.1 65.0 55.0 3 Service 107.5 151.3 221.5 306.2 7.07 7.92 6.69 Percentage as of total 13.1 15.8 20.5 26.0 4 Education and health care 4.1 Education Dak Lak was recognized by the Ministry of Education and Traning in 2010 for the provincial completion of illiteracy eradication and universalization of primary eduaction. In the school-year 2008-2009, there were 656 general education schools with 12,856 classes, 20,261 teachers, and 420,751 pupils. Dak Lak has the University of Highlands, the largest in the Central Highlands, 1 Teacher Training College, 1 Arts and Culture College, 1 Polytechnic College of Highlands, 1 Law School of intermediate level, 3 vocational training schools, i.e. Mechanic and Eletricity Engineering Worker School, Vocational School for Ethnic Youth, and Employment Service Center, and other vocational training units managed by the private sector and mass organizations. The centers in charge of continuing education center, foreign languages, and informatics in all districts and city have provided sufficient cadres, teachers, and skilled labor for the provincial economic development. + Centrally-managed schools and educational institutes base in Dak Lak Province - The University of Highlands comprises 5 faculties (Pre-university, Teacher Training, Agriculture and Forestry, Economics, and Medicine), 3 centers (Highlands Social Science and Humanity Center, Bio-tech, Clinical Study and Community Health), and 2 serving units (Examination Center, Information and Library Center). The university is staffed by 117 and 277 teachers including 30 educated to Ph.D level, 91 to Master level, and 48 principal lecturers. Currently, there are 5,000 students at the university. - The Western Highlands Agro-Forestry Scientific and Technical Institute provides scientific studies and technology transfer in connection with agriculture, aquaculture, forestry, and water resources of the Central Highlands. The Institute also participates in training, consultation, and international cooperation in relevant fields. There are 268 staff in the Institute, comprising 6 Ph.D and 10 Masters. 17 Human resource and Education source: http://www.daklakdpi.gov.vn/doctin/tabid/162/flag/2/topic/ol6676t5710161215h/language/vi-vn/default.aspx 9
- The Institute of Hygiene and Epedemiology of Tay Nguyen operates in medical and pharmaceutical science, staffed by 89 personnels, including 54 educated to college and higher levels. - The province has applied to the government for establishment of the University of Buon Ma Thuot with a projected enrollment of 2,200 students a year. 4.2 Health care (Please see Annex 3: Health data 2005 2011, page 21) Dak Lak has 1 polyclinic, 1 traditional medicine hospital, 1 section for leprosy treatment, and 7 medical units related to dermatology, malaria, and mental illness in the provincial level and 14 polyclinics, 14 teams of malaria sanitation and prevention, and 14 teams of population and family planning. All health care units are staffed by 4,230 medical staff and equipped by with 3,911 beds, reaching the rate of 22 beds and 23.8 staff per 10,000 inhabitants. Dak Lak has 85% of its communes reaching the national standard on health care, over 80% of health station being staffed with doctors, and 100% of hamlets and villages having medical cadres. The province is building a Hospital of Surgery and Obstetrics, a Polyclinic of Highlands to meet medical treatment needs of the people in Dak lak and surrounding provinces. 5 Infrastructure 18 5.1 Transportation Dak Lak has a fairly developed road and airway system, including many important national highways; both link to the Central Highlands, the sea, and the northeastern area of Kampuchea. + Roads The province has 576.5 km of national roads (NR). There are 114 bridges in the national roads with a total length of 4,178.6 m. - NR no. 14, 126 km long, goes from the boundary of Gia Lai Province to the boundary of Dak Nong Province. (350 km from HCMC and 190 km from Pleiku City of Gia Lai) - NR no. 26, 119 km long, starting from the center of Ninh Hoa Town, Khanh Hoa Province, crossing Duc My, Phuong Hoang Pass, M Drak, Ea Kar, Krong Pac to Buon Me Thuot City (180 km from Nha Trang City of Khanh Hoa) - NR no. 27, 84 km long, starting from Lam Ha District, Lam Dong Province, crossing Lak, Krong Ana to Buon Ma Thuot City (185 km from Da Lat City) - NR no. 29, starting from Song Hinh District, Phu Yen Province, crossing districts of Krong Nang, Ea Kar, Buon Ho Town, to Buon ma Thuot and Phu Yen Province (185 km from Phu Yen) - NR no. 14 is a part of Ho Chi Minh Highway, starting from Chu Se District, Gia Lai province, crossing districts of Ea H Leo, Krong Buk, Buon Ho Town, Cu M gar, Buon M Thuot City, Cu Jut District, Dak Nong Province. - NR no. 14C, 68.5 km long, starting from Plei Kan Townlet, Ngoc Hoi District, Kon Tum province, linking the localities in the central and sounthern Highlands, running along the border between Vietnam and Kampuchea. NR no. 14C starts from the junction with NR no. 19 in Ia Nam Commune, Duc Co District, Gia Lai Province, crossing districts of Duc Co, 18 http://www.vietrade.gov.vn/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1155:orientation-of-dak-laksocio-economic-development-up-to-2020-part-1&catid=294:dak-lak-province&itemid=271 10
Chu Prong, Ea Sup, Buon Don, Cu Jut, Dak Mil, Dak Song, ending at the junction with NR no. 14. 19 Urban Provincial District Commune Hamlet Farm Roads (km) 751.07 457 1,403.2 3,220 4,079.3 675 Bridges 78 67 Bridge length (m) 1,190 937.8 The provincial roads (PR) comprise 13 lines with 457 km in length. There are 78 bridges in PRs with a total length of about 1,190 m. The district roads have a length of 1,403.2 km and 67 bridges with a total length of about 937.8 m. Dak Lak is situated in the center of Central Highlands, linking with the economic center of Da Nang and Dung Quat Industrial Park through the NR no. 12, Chu Lai Open Economic Zone (in 2 provinces of Quang Nam and Da Nang) in the north. Dak Lak borders Khanh Hoa Province, a major tourism center of Vietnam having international sea port in the east. Dak Lak connects with Dak Nong Province and the Sounthern Key Economic Zone comprising provinces of Binh Phuoc, Binh Duong, and Ho Chi Minh City (350 km between Buon Ma Thuot amd HCMC) through NR no. 14 in the south. Goods can be easily transported to Kampuchea in the west through the Dak Rue Economic Border Gate. Along with investment from the government for the Ho Chi Minh Highway, there are many investment projects to benefit from the advantages of this route like investing in the construction of the Bo Y International Border Gate (IBG) (Kon Tum) and the inland roads to form a branch of the Trans-Asia route of Kun Ming (China) - Myanmar - Laos - Thailand to Bo Y IBG to create an international trade relationship between the north-eastern Thailand provinces with southern Laos, Vietnam s central coast and the southeast areas. Besides, many provincial routes are newly built and upgraded running to the border of Cambodia. Dak Lak has bus routes to all destinations in Buon Ma Thuot City, and from here to the center of all districts and to Gia Nghia Town (Dak Nong Province). Dak Lak is upgrading the road projects, completing the network, starting to consider a number of new construction works which are urgently required, ensuring a road network density over 0.6km/km 2. + Railways It is projected to build the Tuy Hoa - Buon Ma Thuot line 160 km long with eight stations. The section in Dak Lak Province has 5 stations and to be 85 km long. The Tuy Hoa - Buon Ma Thuot railway will serve to transport goods and passengers not only in Dak Lak Province, but also other provinces in the Central Highlands with the aim to connect the Central Highlands to the central coastal ports. Further, the road connecting Vung Ro - Dak Lak - Dak Nong - Thi Vai Port will be convenient for exploiting bauxite in Dak Nong and goods transportation between the Central Highlands provinces, and is also being considered. + Waterways There are 544 km of waterways created by the rivers of Serepok, Krong No, Krong Ana, etc., 834 water transport means, 4 piers, namely, Quynh Ngoc, Giang Son, Lang Thai, and Cu Pam. 19 http://daklak.gov.vn/portal/page/portal/daklak/tong-quandaklak?p_page_id=13371692&pers_id=&folder_id=15937106&item_id=15937125&p_details=1 11
+ Airways Buon Ma Thuot Airport, a 4E-class port for A321 aircraft, can handle 150,000 passengers a year. There are daily flights from Hanoi to Buon Ma Thuot, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, Vinh in mid-size A320 aircraft, which are served by Mekong Airlines and Vietnam Airlines. The runway has been upgraded since 2011, having a length of 3,000 m and a width of 45 m. The new terminal has bee operated since December 2011 with a surface of 7,200 m 2 and a capacity to serve 1 million passengers/year. The airport currently serves 300,000 passengers and 3,000 tons of cargo a year is undergoing modernization. The airline market of BuonMa Thuot has increased over 40%/year recently. By the year 2020, estimates are that 800,000 passengers will be served. 5.2 Electricity and Water 20 + Electricity - Power network The power network comprises transmission lines of 500KV, 220 KV, 110 KV, 35KV, 22KV, 10KV, and 0.4 KV. The electricity grid of Dak Lak is ensured to be adequate for the provincial demand and production needs. Dak Lak has provided power to 94% of the villages and hamlets; 95% of the households have electricity, and 100% of the communes are connected to the national grid. Average consumption is 437kwh/person/year. Transformer station 220KV 110KV 35KV 22KV & 10/0.4KV Quantity 2 9 1 1 - Hydropower System Dak Lak has tremendous potential for hydropower development. There are numerous large lakes such as Lak (Lak District). Serepok River has hydropower reserves of 3 billion kw. The province is operating 23 small hydropower plants having a total capacity of 14,280kW. Some large hydro projects such as Buon Kuop (280 MW), Buon Tua Srah (86 MW), Serepok III (220 MW) and Serepok IV (70 MW), Serepok IVA, Krong H Nang are either operational or soon to become operational. The power production in 2013 was 2,677 million KWh. In addition to the mentioned hydropower plants, there are 14 small-scale hydropower plants of a total capacity of 84.09 MW, producing 396 KWh in 2013. The planning until 2020 notes that Dak Lak will improve the power grid to meet the electricity demand in manufacturing, services, and homes. The development plan for up to the year 2015 documents that 100% of provincial households will have electricity. In addition, the province will continue to develop hydropower plants of small and medium capacity to complement a power source for the province's electricity system, and increase revenues for local budgets. During the period 2010-2020, expectations are that the province will build a 110 kv station to increase the continuousness of power supply, and build a high voltage transmission line from a 110 kv station to supply electricity to industrial parks. This 110 kv power grid in the sub-load area is to be completed gradually. 20 http://www.vietrade.gov.vn/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1155:orientation-of-dak-laksocio-economic-development-up-to-2020-part-1&catid=294:dak-lak-province&itemid=271 12
+ Water supply Dak Lak has a water treatment system supplying enough water for the people living in Buon Ma Thuot City, Buon Ho Town (Krong Buk), Buon Trap Town (Krong Ana District), and Quang Phu (Cu M'gar District). Other water supply systems are used in industrial zones. The province has 55 focused-life water supply projects with 204,560 ha of wells, 18,846 water tanks, and an urban water supply that provides 80 liters a person/day for 60% of the population. Safe water for rural inhabitants is available to 71% of them. Expectations are that by the year 2020, 100% of the provincial inhabitants will be using clean water. * Irrigation System Dak Lak Province has 607 irrigation works 489 reservoirs, 69 dams, 1 dike, and pumping stations. The total water storage capacity of irrigation works is 421 million m 3 (excluding Easup Lake), ensuring sufficient water for 18,000 ha of paddy fields and 41.000 ha of coffee plantations and 70% of the other crops. 5.3 Communications The fixed telephone network has reached all 184 communes and wards with a rate of 5.2 telephone sets/100 people. The telephone and mobile phone systems cover the province entirely by service providers of Mobifone, Vinaphone, Viettel, S-Fone, EVN Telecom, HT Mobile. Highspeed internet services are available in all districts by 2 service providers of VDC and Viettel. Total number of telephone subscriber is 1,577,976 (fixed phone: 96,840, moblile phone: 1,481,136), reaching the rate of 87.83 subscribers/100 people. Total number of internet subscribers is 42,524, reaching the rate of 13.38 sets/100 people. The rate of intenrnet user is 46.82%. 6 Economy Please see Annex 4: Some main economic indicators of Whole country and Dak Lak Province, page 22 The annual GDP growth for 2006-2010 (compared with 1994) is estimated at 12% and can be broken down as follows: 18% for industrial construction works, 22% for services, and 6% for agro-forestry-fishery. The average GDP in 2010 is 14 million VND a person, equivalent to 963 US$. 6.1 Economic results implemented in 2012 21 Indicators Implementation in 2012 - Gross Domestic Product (billion VND) (at current price 2012) N/A - Gross Domestic Product (billion VND) (at constant price 1994) 15,180 - Gross Domestic Product growth (%) 8.57 - Increased output value of agriculture forestry fishery (%) 4.42 - Increased output value of industry and construction (%) 8.91 - Increased output value of service (%) 14.02 - Average per-capita GDP (US$) 1,185 - GDP structure (at current price) + Sector I : Agriculture Forestry Aquaculture (%) 48.81 + Sector II: Construction and industry (%) 16.28 + Sector III: Service (%) 34.91 - Total export value (mil. USD) 730.2 - Total import value (mil. USD) 19.3 21 Socio-Economic Report of Dak Lak Province, 2012 13
Indicators Implementation in 2012 - Total revenue in area (billion VND) 3,720 Revenue from tax and fees 3,738 Revenue by financial measure 526.7 Revenue from import and export tax 127.4 - Total budget expenditure in area (billion VND) 9,822 Expenditure for development investment 2,522.3 Frequent expenditure 7,300.5 - Tourism activities Tourism turnover (estimated, billion VND) 24 Total visitor (thousand visitor arrival), of which 254,961 International visitor (estimated, thousand visitor arrival) 28,049 Domestic visitor (thousand visitor arrival) 226,912 - Investment activities Newly registered enterprises 495 Newly regsitered capital (billion VND) 2,272 Accumulative number of operating enterprises 6,525 Accumulative registered capital (billion VND) N/A - Skilled labor rate (%) 33 - Job creation (men) 25,680 of which export labor (men) 615 - Population growth rate ( o / oo ) 12 - Poor household rate ( o / o, poverty standard 2011-2015, estimated) 14.67 - Under 5 children mortality rate ( o / oo ) 29 - Rate of under-5 malnourished children (%) 26.5 - Urban population accessing fresh water (%, estimated) 65 - Rural population using hygienic water (%, estimated) - Forest coverage rate (%) 49.2 6.2 Agriculture Aquaculture - Forestry 22 Please see Annex 5: Data of Agriculture, Forestry, Fishery, 1995, 2000-2011, page 23 Total output value of agro-forestry-aquaculture increased from 8 trillion VND in 2005 to 13 trillion VND in 2010, achieving an average growth of 11% a year. The value per unit area of agricultural land is 32 million VND per ha. There are 120,000 ha in corn with an average yield of 5.1 tons/ha. Rice is grown on 72,000 ha, with an average yield of 5.4 tons/ha. Total production of cereals is 1 million tons, an increase of 254 thousand tons compared to 2005. There are 182,000 ha of coffee bushes with an output of 432,000 tons, 30,000 tons of rubber trees with an output of 30,000 ton, 5,000 ha of pepper bushes with 13,000 tons of output, 42,000 tons ha of cashew trees with an output of 26,000 tons, and 24,000 ha of cocoa. There are 33,000 buffaloes, 256,000 cows, 800,000 pigs, and 7 million domestic fowls in the province. The meat and aquaculture production reaches 86,000 tons and 13,000 tons respectively. The value of livestock products in 2010 was 2 billion VND, an average increase of 18% a year in the period of 2006-2010. 22 http://www.daklakdpi.gov.vn/doc-tin/tabid/162/flag/2/topic/ol6616t5010165615h/language/vi- VN/Default.aspx 14
6.3 Export and Import 23 Currently there are 24 enterprises engaging in export activities, of which 4 have business relations with Japan. Export is the provincial strength thanks to its large area of 13,125 km 2 suitable for coffee, rubber, pepper, cashew, and cassava plantations. The export growth is 7-8% in recent years, classified among provinces having high export turnover with over 700 million US$. In 2012 Dak Lak export a total value 763 million US$ and in 8 months of 2013, a total value of 400 million US$. Honey products were exported to the US, Canada, Japan and the Republic of Korea. Notably, the US imported 80% of honey products from Dak Lak Province. Dak Lak has gradually diversified its export products and increased the processing value of tapioca and powder coffee. However, the coffee still accounts for over 85% of the export turnover, contributing about 60% of total provincial products and providing jobs for over 500,000 laborers. Dak Lak Province has business and export relations with over 58 countries and territories, including the potential market of Japan. The provincial coffee has been exported the following top-10 importers Country Germany Japan USA Italy Switzerland South India Spain Indonesia Russia Korea Volume 30,257 26,272 11,137 15,810 16,843 11,524 7,600 10,265 2,165 7,941 (ton) Value (mil. US$) 63.4 55.7 Over 23 34.4 35.1 Nearly 24 14.4 Nearly 22 Over 4.3 15.6 Germany is still a leading country of coffee import. However, there are decreases of 39.7% in quantity and 38.5% in turnover as of the previous year. Japan market has decreased coffee import for 17.8% in quantity and 17% in turnover. Some markets increase such as China (82.5% in quantity, 60% in turnover), France (61.9% in quantity, 60% in turnover) 24 6.4 Tourism 25 In December 2012 the tourism sector of Dak Lak received 34,200 admissions of tourists, a decrease of 0.98% as of the same period, of which the number of international visitor is 2,200, decreasing -0.73%. The rate of room occupancy is 59% (decrasing 1%). The total turnover of tourism is 24 billion VND, an increase of 1.1% as of the same period. Tourist admission in 2012 Room occupancy rate (%) Domestic tourist (admission) Intl tourist (admission) Total 2012 61 226,912 28,049 254,961 2011 56.62 209,167 21,132 230,299 23 http://socongthuong.daklak.gov.vn/trang_ngoai/xem_tintuc_sukien_chitiet/tabid/94/default.aspx?id=269&idtab=78 24 http://www.daktra.com.vn/tin-tuc/tin-trong-tinh/48327.aspx 25 Socio-economic Report of Dak Lak Province, 2012 15
6.5 Industry 26 In 2006, the industrial production value is 2,519,777 billion (at current price), increasing 31.4% as of 2005. The number of manufacturing establishments increased rapidly. There are 7,950 units, an increase of 1,512 units over the number in 2005. The industry has established a relatively synchronous systtem comprising production and distribution branches relevant to power, water, andmine exploitation, especially the processin industry. Many small- and mediumscale modern units have been operated for processing of coffee, sugarcane, wood, cotton, and production of construction materials. 27 Value of industrial production (at current price) Unit: million VND Industrial sector 2004 2005 2006 Processing 1.193.507 1.572.882 2.068.168 Exploitation 89.801 98.824 166.462 Production and distribution of power, water, gas 208.268 246.445 285.147 Total 1.491.576 1.918.151 2.519.777 The industrial production value in 2010 was estimated at 4 trillion VND, 2 times higher that of 2005. The processing industry still accounts for a large proportion, about 69% of the industry. Industrial production, electricity distribution, and water account for 27%, and the mining industry accounts for the remainder. The quality and type of certain goods available have stepped up and created a competitive advantage in the market, and some products are exported abroad. Industrial energy has been invested in many scales, capital resources, types of ownership and will become key products in the future, and examples follow: Buon Kuop hydroelectric plant, Dary H linh II, Krong H'nang, Serepok III, and Krong Kma have gradually contributed to the increase of the total product value. Dak Lak Province will formulate the following main industries in the phase 2010-2020 + Processing of food and agriculture and forestry products: Focussing on renovation of modern and advanced technology for processing coffee, rubber, cahew nut, cotton, wood, and food, etc. in order to gradually reduce the preliminary processing products. This orientation would increase the quality, volume, and value of products and their competitiveness for stabilization and enlargement of export maerkets and higher efficiency. + Power industry: Dak Lak is endowed with collosal potential of hydropower. The Serepok River network has an economic reserve of about 2.6 billion kwh. Besides there are many rivers and streams for building of about 100 small- and medium-scale hydropower plants with a total capacity of 182 MW, generating about 800 kwh a year. + Industry of construction material production and mine exploitation: Producing bricks, cement, roofing materials. Main mineral products comprise construction stone, sand, pebbles, gravels, fenspat, lead, zinc, etc. + Chemical industry: The source of peat as raw material for microbiological fertilizer is abundant to meet agricultural production. Other chemical products are plastic pipes, PP and PE packages, medicine, medicinal herbs, and drugs, etc. 26 http://www.vietrade.gov.vn/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1155:orientation-of-dak-laksocio-economic-development-up-to-2020-part-1&catid=294:dak-lak-province&itemid=271 27 http://www.daklakdpi.gov.vn/doc-tin/tabid/162/flag/2/topic/ol6666t5210164315h/language/vi- VN/Default.aspx 16
+ Industry of mechanic, electric and electronic equipment: This industry is developped to serve agriculture and forestry mechanization, specializing in production and repairing mechinery and equipment which are used to preserve, process the typical agriculture and forestry products of the Highlands such as coffee, rubber, cashew nut, vegetable oil. The industry also aims at production and repairing machinery for land tilling, cultivation, irrigation, communication mechanic, construction, consumption mechanic, etc. for Dak Lak and surrounding provinces. + Light inidustries: To develop extensively the dressmaking occupation in big cities such as Buon ma Thuot, towns, district townlets to meet garment needs, local tastes, and create more jobs for laborers. 6.6 Investment 28 + Domestic investment N/A + Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Dak Lak has attracted 8 FDI projects since 2006 with a total investment capital of 166 million US$. Seven of which have been operated. - Buon Ma Thuot Coffee Processing Joint-Venture, by Dakman English capital. - Plant processing coffee, cashew nut, pepper, and other agricultur product, by Olam Vietnam Co. Ltd., 100 Singaporean capital, - Animal Feed Preliminary Processing Plant, by CP Vietnam Co., Ltd. Thai capital, - Planting flower for export in Dak Lak, Dak Lak Flower Co., Ltd., by 100% Japanese capital, - Coffee Processing Plant, by Netherland Vietnam Coffee Co., Ltd., by 100 capital of Netherland, - Plant Processing Ngon Coffee, by Ngon Coffee Co., Ltd., by 100% Indian capital, - Metro Cash & Carry Center in Buon Ma Thuot City, by Cash & Carry Vietnam, 100% German capital. - Da Lak Bio-ethanol Production Plant, by MS (VN) Milestones Joint-Stock Fuel Co. Despite of its central position in the Central Highlands, Dak Lak still faces constraints on FDI attraction because of the following reasons: - The geographical position is unfavorable, being so far from big central cities that enterprises increase more transport cost for product consumption. - The infrastructure is too poor to meet investment demands of investors and entrepreneurs - The deficiency of human resources, especially engineers and those who have been trained technically. - Many limitations in terms of quality and quantity among cadres in charge of FDI. + Thai investment in Dak Lak - Animal Feed Preliminary Processing Plant, by CP Vietnam Co., Ltd. Thai capital. 28 http://www.daktra.com.vn/tin-tuc/tin-trong-tinh/37624.aspx 17
6.7 Border economy 29 The National Border Gate Dak Rue Chi Miet is situated in Ea Bung Commune, Ea Sup District, about 120 km to the northwest of Buon Me Thuot City, bordering Co Nhec District, Mondulkiri Province, Kampuchea. The People s Committee of Dak Lak Province has promulgated decisions to approve the construction planning of border gate infrastructure and border gate center in Ea Sup District. However, the Dak Rue Chi Miet border gate has not operated so far and its road network and infrastructure have not been invested fully. Consequently, the border trade has not been developped except some activities relevant to immigration, sight-seeing, tourism, and medical treatment for the locals living along the border. The investment attraction for infrastructure and road building has obtained no result. The calling of investment in tourism sites encountered difficulties because the tourism potentials are far from the center and the infrastructures are underdevelopped. Moreover, tourism human resources are insufficient and weak. Dak Lak has adopted many solutions to develop border trade such as implementing the project of planting rubber tree and some industrial plants in Mondulkiri and in Seda Commune, Lumphat District, Rattanakiri Province, Kampuchea; the project of producing KOMIX biochemical organic fertilizer in Champasak, Laos; participation in Overseas Vietnamese Conference in HCMC and in the 5 th Vietnam Kampuchea Border Economy Conference. The Central Highlands provinces of Vietnam and northeastern localities of Kampuchea will enhance their cooperation in the coming time, prioritising border security, agricultural production, poverty reduction, education and training. The Dak Rue (Dak Lak) Chi Miet (Mondulkiri) Border Gate will also be upgraded in the future. These are the outcomes of a meeting of officials of the Steering Committee for the Central Highlands of Vietnam and the Cambodian People s Party Central Committee s Foreign Relations Commission held in Buon Ma Thuot City, Dak Lak province, on 16 th December, 2013. 7 Industrial Parks (IP) and Industrial Clusters (IC) in Dak Lak 30 Please see Annex 6, Industrial Parks and Industrials Clusters in Dak Lak Province, page 26 8 Date: 29 November 2013 Updated: 18 December 2013 Prepared by: Mai Viet Hung The report is prepared mainly on the basis of publicly available information and comments retrieved from the internet and available provincial documents. All sources are cited and data stated in this report are for information purposes only. Users of this report should note that in the event of any inconsistency of data and facts between the English translations and the original Vietnamese text the latter shall prevail. 29 http://socongthuong.daklak.gov.vn/trang_ngoai/xem_tintuc_sukien_chitiet/tabid/94/default.aspx?id=324&idtab=78 30 http://www.daktra.com.vn/dau-tu/khu-cm-cong-nghip/tng-quan-cac-khu-cm-cong-nghip-trn-a-ban-tnh.aspx 18