Spotted Wing Drosophila - Not so Bad, or was 211 Just an Odd Season? Okanogan Hort Day Okanogan County Agriplex, Omak, WA 31 January 212 1:-1:35 pm Elizabeth H. Beers WSU Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center 11 N. Western Ave. Wenatchee, Washington
29 BC 29 29 US SWD Distribution 22+ states as of 11/1/211 211 21 211: VT, NH, CT, ME 28 198 21 21 211 21 29 21 21 SWD found in: Italy 29 Russia 29 Spain 29 France 21
211 Eastern Washington SWD trapping program (E. Beers, D. Walsh)
SWD Trap Catches: 21 v 211 35 3 21 211 Avg. SWD/trap/week 25 2 15 1 Sum SWD/Sum Samples 7 6 5 4 3 2 1-9% CY 21 CY 211 5 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
What happened in 211? 3.5 3. Precipitation 8 7 6 21 WSU-TFREC Precipitation (inches) 2.5 2. 1.5 1. Long-term average 211 5.5 Degrees F 4 3 32 F. 75 May Jun Jul Total Temperature 7 2 1 21 max 21 min Max (long-term) Min (long-term) F Avg. Monthly Temp (F) 65 6 55-1 1-Nov 8-Nov 15-Nov 22-Nov 29-Nov 5 May Jun Jul
WSU-TFREC Codling moth 1 st cover 168 161 CM 1st cover 8 Jun 1984 6 Jun 211 17 Jun 1 Jun 154 3 Jun Julian Day 147 22 May 27 May 14 2 May 133 13 May 126 6 May 196 197 198 199 2 21 22
1 8 211 Date of First SWD Capture Rock Island Avg SWD (seasonal) 6 4 2 Tri-Cities Prosser Orondo Brewster Mattawa Yakima Chelan, Quincy Othello Wenatchee, Royal City Stemilt Hill, Wen. Hgts Oroville, Omak Entiat Zillah 6-Jun 2-Jun 4-Jul 18-Jul 1-Aug 15-Aug 29-Aug 12-Sep 9 days
Avg. SWD (seasonal) 1 21 v 211 Date of First Capture 8 6 4 2 21 <1 Aug, n = 1 >1 Aug, n = 4 1 6-Jun 2-Jun 4-Jul 18-Jul 1-Aug 15-Aug 29-Aug 12-Sep Date of First Capture (21) Avg SWD (seasonal) 8 6 4 2 211 <1 Aug, n = 4 >1 Aug, n =12 6-Jun 2-Jun 4-Jul 18-Jul 1-Aug 15-Aug 29-Aug 12-Sep Date of First Capture (211)
211 Date of First Capture does greater trapping intensity provide earlier catch? 2 n orchards trapped in district 15 1 5 6-Jun 2-Jun 4-Jul 18-Jul 1-Aug 15-Aug 29-Aug 12-Sep Date of First Capture (211)
SWD Standard Trap Test Haviland trap mesh top, cover Modified Haviland trap (1 holes in sides, no cover) Van Steenwyk trap, 1 qt ice cream, mesh top, cover Deli cup (32 oz, 1 holes in sides) Red cup (16 oz, 1 holes in sides) Contech (2 holes in sides)
Contech WF cd Standard Trap Test (SCRI*SWD) Contech Heinz d Redcup c Delicup b Haviland Mod c Haviland a VanSteenwyk b 5 1 15 2 25 3 Avg. SWD/trap
12 Trap volume (ml) 1 8 6 4 2 Van Steenwyk Haviland Haviland mod Clear cup Red cup Contech Trap Parameters 2 15 Diffusion area (cm 2 ) 16 12 8 4 Bait Volume 1 5 Mesh top 1 holes 2 holes Contech Other
Which trap in which crop? Prop of max trap CA Cherry OR Cherry WA Cherry BC Cherry OR Grape WA Grape OR Blackberry WA Blackberry OR Blueberry OR Raspberry VanSteenwyk 62% 46% 59% 1% 1% 82% 43% 61% 6% 6% Haviland 1% 1% 1% 1% 87% 1% 54% 31% 1% 73% Haviland Mod 36% 31% 15% 7% 93% 45% 29% 1% 35% 2% Clear cup 39% 33% 47% 21% 53% 45% 43% 44% 5% 33% Red cup 59% 25% 18% 4% 73% 55% 1% 17% 7% 1% Contech 36% 5% 5% % 23% 18% 9% 33% 13% 7%
211 Bait Test 2. 1.6 males females total a a SWD/trap 1.2.8 ab ab bc b a.4 a a b b a. SuperBait Contech "Zalom" Yeast Contech ACV Contech ACV Deli Cup
Scentry Lure Test Trt Lure Rationale Liquid 1 Damascenone Plug Strong apple/alcohol smell, thought to mimic fruit and the ethanol in the wine that SWD is known to gravitate towards. Water+surfactant 2 Apple Cider Known activity towards SWD, a different Water+surfactant Vinegar Fiber Tape presentation from a wet-trap, intended for use in a dry trap 3 cis-2-penten-1-ol Water+surfactant Plug 4 2- (Diethylamino)etha nol Plug 5 Red Raspberry Vinegar Fiber Tape Strong fruit aroma (cherry-like). Presence of ethanol (in the event there was a receptor at work) and the amine functional groups contribute a food-bait aroma. An alternative fruit smell to the apple, but contained the vinegar (acetic acid) known to attract SWD Water+surfactant Water+surfactant 6 2-Methylbutyric Strong decomposing order, thought to Water+surfactant Acid Plug mimic decomposing fruit. 7 (none) Standard ACV+surfactant
Trap for Scentry Lure
Scentry Lure Test 16 14 12 SWD/trap (seasonal) 1 8 6 4 2 Damascenone ACV fiber cis-pentene DEA-ethanol Raspberry Methylbutyric ACV
Which trap caught first? A B C D E F VanSteenwyk X X Haviland X X X X Haviland Mod Delicup X Redcup Contech Heinz X Contech WF A B C D E F G H Contech/Super X X X Contech/Yeast X X Contech/ACV X X X Deli/ACV X X X X X X
GF-12 Field Trial Adults+Pupae Emerged/5 fruit 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Sample date 18 Jul 26 Jul 2 Aug (no infestation) GF-12 Entrust Check
Bait+Toxicant Tests 1 8 % Mortality 6 4 2 GF-12 undiluted GF-12 1:5 dilution Check % Mortality (females, 48 h) 1 8 6 4 111-16 to 111-2 Success+NuLure Success+Molasses Entrust+Molasses Entrust+KaroLight Entrust+KaroDark 2 GF-12 Toxicant+Bait Toxicant alone Bait alone Check
PyGanic Rate Test % Mortaltiy (females, 48 h) 1 8 6 4 2 a PyGanic 64 fl oz PyGanic 32 fl oz PyGanic 16 fl oz 111-12 PyGanic 1.4EC b b b Check % Mortaltiy (females, 48 h) 1 8 6 4 2 a 111-12 PyGanic 5EC [18 fl oz/acre] b b b PyGanic 2 gal PyGanic 5 gal PyGanic 1 gal Check
Entrust Rate Bioassay 1 8 111-9 Female Male % Mortaltiy 6 4 2 Entrust 3 oz Entrust 2 oz Entrust 1 oz Check 1 8 111-1 Males Females % Mortality 6 4 2 Entrust 2.25 oz Entrust 1.8 oz Entrust 1.25 oz Check
SWD Field Trial - Sunrise 5 a 4 Oviposition puncture/5 fruit 3 2 1 ab b b b b Success Delegate Entrust Warrior Endigo Check
Height in canopy influences infestation by SWD Sampled fruit 6 June from 3 heights: Low <4 ft Med 4-8 ft High 8-12 6 5 Low Mid High 4 replications Brown sugar flotation San Joaquin County, CA % Infested fruit 4 3 2 *Data by Bob Van Steenwyk, UC Berkeley, 211 1 Bing Rainier
Pre-harvest Field Trial Max label rate 27 May Single tree reps (6) Brown sugar flotation 16 14 12 Leverage=imidacloprid+beta-cyfluthrin Baythroid=beta-cyfluthrin Perm Up=Permethrin Belay=Clutch (clothianadin) *Data by Bob Van Steenwyk, UC Berkeley, 211 % Infested Fruit 1 8 6 4 2 Untreated Bexar Assail Belay Admire Pro Cyazypyr Ultor Leverage PermUp Baythroid
SWD Timing Experiment Bing orchard, Santa Clara Co., CA 6 trts x 3 reps Up to 5 applications 4 weeks to 3 DBH All treatments better than check 4 or 5 treatments no better than 3 treatments Larvae per 1 Fruit 12 15 9 75 6 45 3 5 Treatments 4 Treatments 3 Treatments 2 Treatments Entrust (x2) Untreated 15 *Data by Bob Van Steenwyk, UC Berkeley, 211 7-May 17-May 27-May 6-Jun 16-Jun 26-Jun 6-Jul
Growing District Traps Deployed First fly captured? Oroville/Tonasket Yes 29-Aug Okanogan/Omak Yes 29-Aug Brewster/Pateros Yes 15-Jul Chelan/Manson Yes 16-Aug Orondo-Beebe Bridge Yes 12-Jul Entiat Yes 6-Sep Wenatchee/E. Wenatchee/ Wenatchee River Valley Yes 23-Aug Stemilt Hill/Wenatchee Heights Yes 26-Aug Rock Island/Malaga Yes 2-Aug SWD Website http://extension. wsu.edu/swd Quincy/Moses Lake Yes 16-Aug Royal City Yes 23-Aug Othello Yes 16-Aug Mattawa/Desert Aire Yes 2-Aug Yakima/Tieton Yes 15-Aug Union Gap/Zillah Yes 5-Sep Sunnyside/Prosser Yes 2-Jun Tri-Cities Yes 8-Jun
SWD Website http://extension. wsu.edu/swd
SWD Website http://extension. wsu.edu/swd
Trapcodes
SWD Website http://extension. wsu.edu/swd
What s coming in 212? So, what is normal - 21 or 211? More confidence in control options Still some questions on efficacy, interpretation of traps Still on learning curve