Analysis of Mustard in Flours and Finished Products Terry Koerner BCS, Food Directorate November, 2017
Comingling of Canadian Crops Complex grain system with a high potential for comingling of crops. Recognized to occur and built into Canadian Grain Regulations. Priority allergens: Peanuts, Tree Nuts, Sesame Seeds, Milk, Eggs, Fish (including shellfish and crustaceans), soy, wheat, sulphites, mustard. What is the extent of comingling of mustard with other crops? Does this pose a risk to the mustard allergic community? 2
Product Sampling Information Collected 1483 samples of products containing both gluten and naturallygluten free cereals Samples were collected from across the country at retail and directly from the mill Flours were collected directly from the mill and at retail Finished products were collected at the retail in the general categories of bread, cakes, cereals, cookies, crackers/snacks, and pasta 3
Product Sampling Information 1483 Samples 893 Flours 590 Finished Products 585 Retail 308 Mill Sample Preparation Minimum of 250 grams was collected If more that one sample was required these were combined Finished products were ground using Retsch GM200 food mill Each sample was mixed and subsampled for analysis Each positive sample was extracted two additional times A proportion of samples that were negative were extracted a second time 4
Detection Method - ELISA Veratox Mustard Test Kit (#8410) All results reported in total mustard Conversion to mustard protein multiply by 0.26 5
Mustard and Canola in Canada 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Field crops All wheat Canola Barley Oats Flaxseed Rye Soybeans Corn for grain Tame hay Special crops Canary seed Lentils Sunflower seed Mustard seed Dry peas Production in thousands of tonnes 37,529.60 29,419.60 27,594.10 31,728.60 27,129.80 18,551.00 16,410.10 18,376.50 19,600.50 19,707.90 10,237.10 7,119.00 8,225.70 8,783.60 7,305.50 3,905.60 2,979.00 3,427.70 3,194.60 3,802.20 730.7 872.5 942.3 588 501.2 222.9 217.5 225.5 415 326 5,358.90 6,048.60 6,459.10 6,552.10 8,321.10 14,193.80 11,486.80 13,559.10 13,193.10 14,312.60 26,404.60 25,960.00 22,526.30 27,564.00.. 131 124.9 148.6 140.3 116.3 2,261.70 1,987.00 2,540.50 3,248.20 2,438.60 51.9 55 72.6 50.6 52.3 154.5 198 123.4 235.6 114.9 3,960.80 3,810.10 3,200.70 4,835.90 3,861.60 http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/prim11b-eng.htm 6
Mustard and Canola Family: Brassicaceae Genus: Brassica? Genus: Sinapis B. napus (Oilseed rape) B. rapa subsp. oleifera (field mustard) B. juncea (Brown Mustard) Contains less protein (20.2%) Higher in oil (44.4%) S. Alba (Yellow Mustard) Higher in protein (32.3%) Contains less oil (29.5%) https://www.grainscanada.gc.ca/canola/harvest-recolte/2015/hqc15-qrc15-4-en.htm https://www.grainscanada.gc.ca/mustard-moutarde/harvest-recolte/2015/hqm15-qrm15-5-en.htm 7
Mustard and Canola Reference Sample How does Canola react in the mustard ELISA? No current reference materials for mustard or canola Developed a material for analysis 8
Mustard and Canola Mustard ANDANTE CUTLASS CENTENNIAL BROWN AC PENNANT FORGE L252 L140P L130 74-44 BL 5440 CANOLA Mustard Varieties - 2016 Insured Commercial Acres Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Total Acres % Acres % Acres % Acres % 81,792 22 76,417 20 4,422 1 162,631 43 1,195 0 33,425 9 92-34,712 9 5,360 1 25,970 7 722 0 32,052 9 11,895 3 7,310 2 175-19,380 5 2,148 1 13,973 4 - - 16,121 4 Canola & Rapeseed Varieties - 2016 Insured Commercial Acres Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Total Acres % Acres % Acres % Acres % 809,481 5 1,727,462 10 986,528 6 3,523,471 21 229,659 1 926,194 6 519,460 3 1,675,313 10 403,624 2 652,307 4 165,390 1 1,221,321 7 356,367 2 372,268 2 102,806 1 831,441 5 127,852 1 487,772 3 197,335 1 812,959 5 https://www.grainscanada.gc.ca/statistics-statistiques/variety-variete/varieties-en.htm 9
Mustard and Canola Reference Samples Created a mustard composite from yellow, brown, and oriental mustard seeds Created a canola composite from materials obtained from CGC Represents top four cultivars grown and 43% insured acres Conventional Canola Manitoba Cultivar n CN16HV3 74-44 BL 9 CN16HV4 L130 13 CN16HV5 L140P 60 CN16HV6 L252 124 Saskatchewan CN16HV13 74-44 BL 36 CN16HV16 L130 67 CN16HV17 L140P 69 CN16HV19 L252 126 Alberta CN16HV24 74-44 BL 44 CN16HV28 L130 39 CN16HV30 L140P 21 CN16HV32 L252 73 Analysed these materials on the mustard ELISA and by mass spectrometry 10
Mustard and Canola: ELISA ELISA Results Extracted equal portions of mustard and canola Mustard mix result was 13,200 ppm on the kit Canola mix result was 12,225 ppm on kit Lower protein level in canola resulted in a slightly lower response on the ELISA Cannot distinguish mustard and canola by ELISA 11
Summary Both flours and finished products have some level of mustard determined by ELISA The results are skewed to lower levels The ELISA method cannot distinguish between mustard and canola The ELISA produces a slightly lower response for canola due to lower protein content Given the amount of mustard vs canola grown in Canada the positive responses on the mustard ELISA may be in part related to canola Currently working on MS method to distinguish mustard and canola in samples 12
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