Famil: Hdrageaceae Taxo: Philadelphus karwiskaus Som: Philadelphus scades Moore Commo Name Mexica Mock Orage evergree mock orage philadelphus Questioaire : curret 20090513 Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: H(HPWRA) Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 7 101 Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? 103 Does the species have weed races? 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio 205 302 Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals 405 Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 Prit Date: 2/25/2011 Philadelphus karwiskaus (Hdrageaceae) Page 1 of 6
411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed 603 Hbridizes aturall 604 Self-compatible or apomictic 605 Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio 607 Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, 1 4+ ears = -1 701 Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people 703 Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat 704 Propagules adapted to wid dispersal 705 Propagules water dispersed 706 Propagules bird dispersed 707 Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut 801 Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) 802 Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) 803 Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire 805 Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: H(HPWRA) WRA Score 7 Prit Date: 2/25/2011 Philadelphus karwiskaus (Hdrageaceae) Page 2 of 6
Supportig Data: 101 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical No evidece 102 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA 103 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA 201 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical 202 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical 203 1954. Hu, S.-Y.. A moograph of the geus Philadelphus. Joural of the Arold Arboretum. 203 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical 204 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical 205 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical 301 1995. Lorece, D.H./Fl, T.W./Wager, W.L.. Cotributios to the flora of Hawai i. III. New additios, rage extesios, ad rediscoveries of flowerig plats. Bishop Museum Occasioal 301 2002. Starr, F./Martz, K./Loope, L.L.. New plat records from the Hawaiia archipelago. Bishop Museum Occasioal Papers. 69: 16-27. 302 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical "Native to souther Mexico " "Native to souther Mexico " "A great altitudial variatio is reported for this species. I Oaxaca it has bee collected 2000 meters above the sea level ad i Sialoa, it has bee reported from humid lowlads almost at sea level." [evirometal versatilit] "Native to souther Mexico grows betwee sea level ad 6500' i the moutais of Oaxaca, Sialoa, ad Veracruz." [although ative to tropical climate, elevatio rage exceeds 1000 m, displaig evirometal versatilit] "Native to souther Mexico " No evidece "This is a ew aturalized record of Philadelphus L. i the Hawaiia Islads. A ative of Mexico, Philadelphus karwiskiaus has bee cultivated o Oahu sice 1944 ad was origiall plated o Kauai as a orametal at cabis i Kokee State Park where it has subsequetl spread extesivel...material examied. KAUAI: Waimea District, Kokee State Park, uamed trail from Kokee- Halemau Trail to Hw 550, 1100 1150 m, 17 Feb 1988, D. Lorece et al. 5811 (PTBG, US); Kokee State Park, below J.H.R. Plews cabi alog Mohihi Road, 5 Aug 1983, T. Fl 519 (PTBG), 21 Aug 1985, R. Howard 20217 (A, PTBG). MAUI: Kula District, commo i Kula alog Kula Hw, ca. 1219 m (ca. 4000 ft), 13 Ju 1984, K. M. Nagata 2461 (BISH)." "Philadelphus karviskaus (philadelphus) has bee cultivated i Hawai i sice 1944. Plated o at least Kaua i, O ahu, ad Maui, it is ow escapig b spreadig vegetativel ad blaketig large areas, ad has become aturalized o Kaua i (Lorece et al., 1995: 38). O Maui, Philadelphus is widel plated i the Kula area, ad though ot oted to be producig viable fruit, is spreadig well beod iitial platigs i the Kula area. This collectio represets a ew islad record for Maui. Material examied. MAUI: E. Maui, Kula, above Surise Market, sprawlig alog Crater Rd., 3900 ft [1189 m], 26 Aug 1998, Starr & Martz 980129-1." " a sigle plat ca soo give rise to a thicket of cosiderable size. For this reaso, P. karwiskaus should be moitored i all upcoutr areas, where it could escape from cultivatio to become a weed." 302 2011. Divisio of Forestr ad Widlife. Hawaii's Most Ivasive Horticultural Plats: mock orage, Philadelphus karwiskaus. DLNR, http://www.state.hi.us/dlr/dofaw/hortweeds/speci es/phikar.htm "WARNING: The stems of this species root where the touch the groud, ad oe shrub soo gives rise to a thicket capable of coverig trees or hillsides." Prit Date: 2/25/2011 Philadelphus karwiskaus (Hdrageaceae) Page 3 of 6
303 2007. Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Philadelphus karwiskiaus [Olie Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/philadelphus_ka rwiskiaus/ No evidece 304 1995. Lorece, D.H./Fl, T.W./Wager, W.L.. Cotributios to the flora of Hawai i. III. New additios, rage extesios, ad rediscoveries of flowerig plats. Bishop Museum Occasioal 305 1993. Hiebert, R.D. /Stubbedieck, J.. Hadbook for Rakig Exotic Plats for Maagemet ad Cotrol. Natural Resources Report NPS/NRMWRO/NRR-93/08. NPS Natural Resources Publicatio Office, Dever, CO 305 2007. Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex [Olie Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 401 1954. Hu, S.-Y.. A moograph of the geus Philadelphus. Joural of the Arold Arboretum. 402 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow 403 1954. Hu, S.-Y.. A moograph of the geus Philadelphus. Joural of the Arold Arboretum. 404 2011. Motaa Native Plat Societ. Philadelphus lewisii - Lewis s Mockorage. www.mtativeplats.org/filelib/35.pdf 405 2011. Lad Bird Johso Wildflower Ceter. Native Plat Database - Philadelphus microphllus. http://www.wildflower.org/plats/result.php?id_pla t=phmi4 406 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow 407 2011. Lad Bird Johso Wildflower Ceter. Native Plat Database - Philadelphus microphllus. http://www.wildflower.org/plats/result.php?id_pla t=phmi4 408 1954. Hu, S.-Y.. A moograph of the geus Philadelphus. Joural of the Arold Arboretum. 409 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow 410 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow 411 1995. Lorece, D.H./Fl, T.W./Wager, W.L.. Cotributios to the flora of Hawai i. III. New additios, rage extesios, ad rediscoveries of flowerig plats. Bishop Museum Occasioal 412 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical "plated o Kauai as a orametal at cabis i Kokee State Park where it has subsequetl spread extesivel. Although it does ot appear to set fruit, it spreads vegetativel, blaketig large areas o slopes alog streams i koa forest. Curretl ifestatios occur i at least 3 areas: alog the Noe Stream adjacet to Mohihi Road; alog ad above the Elekeiui Stream facig Mohihi Road;" [potetial to become a serious evirometal weed i ative koa forest] Philadelphus coroarius raked as a weed of Pipestoe Natioal Moumet Thirtee other Philadelphus species of hbrids listed as aturalized or weeds "A subscadet shrub up to 4 meters high, brachlets sleder, the flowerig oes over 50 cm. log, much ramified, terete, striate, villose, the base of the hairs thickeed; axillar buds coic, villose. Leaves ovate, 4 7.5 cm. log, 2-3.5 cm. wide, rouded at the base, acumiate at the apex, 5-erved, reticulatios cospicuous beeath, remotel sharp serrate, 5-8 teeth o each side, sparsel strigose o both surfaces; petiole 5-10 mm. log, attached o cushio-like projectios of the ode." [o spies, thors, or burrs] "A subscadet shrub up to 4 meters high, brachlets sleder, the flowerig oes over 50 cm. log " [No evidece, ot parasitic] "The ew sprouts are ver palatable ad are cosumed b deer ad elk." [Descriptio for Philadelphus lewisii. Ukow for P. karwiskaus] "Warig: This plat ma be somewhat toxic to livestock. Humas should geerall avoid igestig plats that are toxic to aimals. " [descriptio for Philadelphus microphllus. Ukow for P. karwiskaus] "Warig: This plat ma be somewhat toxic to livestock. Humas should geerall avoid igestig plats that are toxic to aimals. " [descriptio for Philadelphus microphllus. Ukow for P. karwiskaus] "A great altitudial variatio is reported for this species. I Oaxaca it has bee collected 2000 meters above the sea level ad i Sialoa, it has bee reported from humid lowlads almost at sea level. It is a evergree shrub, flowerig all ear aroud." [probabl does ot icrease fire hazards. Native to humid areas] "Although it does ot appear to set fruit, it spreads vegetativel, blaketig large areas o slopes alog streams i koa forest. Curretl ifestatios occur i at least 3 areas: alog the Noe Stream adjacet to Mohihi Road; alog ad above the Elekeiui Stream facig Mohihi Road; ad betwee the S ed of the Kokee- Halemau Trail ad Hw 550." "The archig, limber stems apparetl self-laer whe the spread o the groud; i this wa, a sigle plat ca soo give rise to a thicket of cosiderable size. For this reaso, P. karwiskaus should be moitored carefull i all upcoutr rural areas, where it could escape from cultivatio to become a oxious weed." Prit Date: 2/25/2011 Philadelphus karwiskaus (Hdrageaceae) Page 4 of 6
501 1954. Hu, S.-Y.. A moograph of the geus Philadelphus. Joural of the Arold Arboretum. 502 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical 503 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical 504 1954. Hu, S.-Y.. A moograph of the geus Philadelphus. Joural of the Arold Arboretum. 601 1954. Hu, S.-Y.. A moograph of the geus Philadelphus. Joural of the Arold Arboretum. 602 1954. Hu, S.-Y.. A moograph of the geus Philadelphus. Joural of the Arold Arboretum. 602 1995. Lorece, D.H./Fl, T.W./Wager, W.L.. Cotributios to the flora of Hawai i. III. New additios, rage extesios, ad rediscoveries of flowerig plats. Bishop Museum Occasioal 603 1954. Hu, S.-Y.. A moograph of the geus Philadelphus. Joural of the Arold Arboretum. 604 1995. Lorece, D.H./Fl, T.W./Wager, W.L.. Cotributios to the flora of Hawai i. III. New additios, rage extesios, ad rediscoveries of flowerig plats. Bishop Museum Occasioal 605 1954. Hu, S.-Y.. A moograph of the geus Philadelphus. Joural of the Arold Arboretum. 605 2004. Sarget, R.D./Otto, S.P.. A phlogeetic aalsis of polliatio mode ad the evolutio of dichogam i agiosperms. Evolutioar Ecolog Research. 6: 1183 1199. 606 1995. Lorece, D.H./Fl, T.W./Wager, W.L.. Cotributios to the flora of Hawai i. III. New additios, rage extesios, ad rediscoveries of flowerig plats. Bishop Museum Occasioal 607 1995. Lorece, D.H./Fl, T.W./Wager, W.L.. Cotributios to the flora of Hawai i. III. New additios, rage extesios, ad rediscoveries of flowerig plats. Bishop Museum Occasioal "A subscadet shrub up to 4 meters high " [terrestrial] Hdrageaceae Hdrageaceae [ot a itroge fixig wood plat] "A subscadet shrub up to 4 meters high " [ot a geophte] Ukow. Limited iformatio from ative rage. "Capsule ad seed ot kow" "...it does ot appear to set fruit " "Garde hbrids usuall have low stame couts, ad ma of them are sterile, with the exceptio of oe form, which has up to 60 stames, the have 20 to 29, rarel up to 40 stames." [abilit to hbridize aturall ukow] "...flowers 4-merous, hermaphroditic, fragrat; hpathium turbiate, 5 6 mm log, sericeous, sepals gree, triagular-ovate, 6 8 x 4 5 mm, sericeous, petals white, subcircular, 10 15 x 10 15 mm, stames ca. 50, filamets white, athers ellow; stigma lobes 4, stle villous basall, disc villous." [self-compatibilit ukow] "Ifloresceces with 5-31 flowers, i a loose depauperate paicle, the wood portio below the pedicel 4-20 mm. log, pubescet, the pedicels 2-5 mm. log, thickl strigose ad laate; hpathia subglobose, 4 mm. i diameter, strigoselaate, the sepals ovate, 5-8 mm. log, desel laate, the hairs etirel obscurig the tissue beeath; corolla 2.5 3 cm. across, the petals obovatesuborbicular 0.8-13 mm. i diameter, sparsel pubescet alog the media dorsal lie, glabrous o the vetral side, the apex rouded; stames about 45, the logest half as log as the petals; disc subcoic, pubescet, stigmas 2.5-3 mm. log, elarged cristate, the sterile portio pubescet, the abaxial surface with 2 papillose ridges." [polliator requiremets ukow] "Appedix...Philadelphus coroarius...primar polliator Isect" [related species with similar floral morpholog does ot require specialist polliators] "Although it does ot appear to set fruit, it spreads vegetativel, blaketig large areas o slopes alog streams i koa forest." "Although it does ot appear to set fruit, it spreads vegetativel, blaketig large areas o slopes alog streams i koa forest." [abilit to spread vegetativel idicates that plats will be able to vegetativel reproduce withi the first ear of growth] Prit Date: 2/25/2011 Philadelphus karwiskaus (Hdrageaceae) Page 5 of 6
701 2002. Starr, F./Martz, K./Loope, L.L.. New plat records from the Hawaiia archipelago. Bishop Museum Occasioal Papers. 69: 16-27. 702 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical 703 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical 704 2007. USDA Forest Service. Umatilla Natioal Forest - Native Plat Notebook - Philadelphus lewisii. http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/uma/ative/ts35.htm 705 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical 706 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical 707 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical "Plated o at least Kaua i, O ahu, ad Maui, it is ow escapig b spreadig vegetativel ad blaketig large areas, ad has become aturalized o Kaua i (Lorece et al., 1995: 38). O Maui, Philadelphus is widel plated i the Kula area, ad though ot oted to be producig viable fruit, is spreadig well beod iitial platigs i the Kula area. This collectio represets a ew islad record for Maui. Material examied. MAUI: E. Maui, Kula, above Surise Market, sprawlig alog Crater Rd., 3900 ft [1189 m], 26 Aug 1998, Starr & Martz 980129-1." [growig alog roadsides, & i ards & gardes. Abilit to spread vegetativel suggests that plats could iadvertetl be spread with garde waste ad cuttigs] Cultivated orametall "Fruit a 4-valved capsule. Seeds umerous, ofte appedaged" [geus descriptio]. Frt ot see" [species descriptio. No evidece that seeds, if produced, are grow with or cotamiate produce] "Seed dispersal i fall. Seed remais i capsules util scattered b wid." [descriptio of related species Philadelphus lewisii. If P. karwiskaus produced fruit ad seeds, would probabl be wid-dispersed] "Fruit a 4-valved capsule. Seeds umerous, ofte appedaged" [geus descriptio]. Frt ot see" [species descriptio, Fruits & seeds, if formed, ot adapted for water dispersal] "Fruit a 4-valved capsule. Seeds umerous, ofte appedaged." [geus descriptio, ot adapted for bird dispersal, & capsules apparetl ot formed b P. karwiskaus i Hawaiia Islads] "Fruit a 4-valved capsule. Seeds umerous, ofte appedaged" [geus descriptio]. Frt ot see" [species descriptio, Fruits & seeds, if formed, have o meas of exteral attachmet] 708 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow if propagules survive passage through gut, ad capsules ot kow to form i Hawaiia Islads. 801 1954. Hu, S.-Y.. A moograph of the geus "Capsule ad seed ot kow" Philadelphus. Joural of the Arold Arboretum. 801 1995. Lorece, D.H./Fl, T.W./Wager, W.L.. "...it does ot appear to set fruit " Cotributios to the flora of Hawai i. III. New additios, rage extesios, ad rediscoveries of flowerig plats. Bishop Museum Occasioal 802 1995. Lorece, D.H./Fl, T.W./Wager, W.L.. Cotributios to the flora of Hawai i. III. New additios, rage extesios, ad rediscoveries of flowerig plats. Bishop Museum Occasioal "...it does ot appear to set fruit " 803 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow. No iformatio foud o use of herbicides with this species. 804 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical "Because of its sprawlig, scramblig maer of growth, shrubs require regular pruig to keep them from becomig straggl." [tolerates regular pruig] 805 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow, but abilit to spread o Kauai & Maui suggests that o atural eemies are keepig it i check. Prit Date: 2/25/2011 Philadelphus karwiskaus (Hdrageaceae) Page 6 of 6