Famil: Arecaceae Taxo: Actiorhtis calapparia Som: Areca calapparia Blume (basiom) Commo Name: calappa palm piag peawar Questioaire : curret 20090513 Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: EVALUATE Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 1 101 Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, =-1 103 Does the species have weed races? =1, =-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio 205 302 Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, =-1 405 Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 Prit Date: 11/20/2012 Actiorhtis calapparia (Arecaceae) Page 1 of 6
412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, =-1 603 Hbridizes aturall =1, =-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic =1, =-1 605 Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, =-1 607 Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, 4+ ears = -1 701 Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, =-1 703 Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, =-1 704 Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, =-1 705 Propagules water dispersed =1, =-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed =1, =-1 707 Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, =-1 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, =-1 801 Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, =-1 802 Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, =-1 803 Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, =-1 805 Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: EVALUATE WRA Score 1 Prit Date: 11/20/2012 Actiorhtis calapparia (Arecaceae) Page 2 of 6
Supportig Data: 101 2003. Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR. [Is the species highl domesticated? No evidece] 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA 201 2012. PACSOA. Palms: Actiorhtis calapparia. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/actiorhtis/cala 202 2012. PACSOA. Palms: Actiorhtis calapparia. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/actiorhtis/cala 203 2012. Dave's Garder. PlatFiles: Calappa Palm - Actiorhtis calapparia. http://davesgarde.com/guides/pf/go/156644/ [Accessed 19 Nov 2012] 203 2012. PACSOA. Palms: Actiorhtis calapparia. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/actiorhtis/cala 204 1999. Essig, F.B./Maka,T.J./Bussard, L.. A Sstematic Histological Stud of Palm Fruits. III. Subtribe Iguauriae (Arecaceae). Brittoia. 51(3): 307-325. 204 2012. PACSOA. Palms: Actiorhtis calapparia. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/actiorhtis/cala 205 2007. Radall, R.P.. The itroduced flora of Australia ad its weed status. CRC for Australia Weed Maagemet, Gle Osmod, Australia 205 2009. Chog, K.Y./Ta, H.T.W./Corlett, R.T.. A Checklist of the Total Vascular Plat Flora of Sigapore: Native, Naturalized ad Cultivated Species. Raffles Museum of Biodiversit Research, Natioal Uiversit of Sigapore, Sigapore 205 2012. USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN). http://www.ars-gri.gov/cgibi/pgs/html/idex.pl 301 2007. Radall, R.P.. The itroduced flora of Australia ad its weed status. CRC for Australia Weed Maagemet, Gle Osmod, Australia 301 2009. Chog, K.Y./Ta, H.T.W./Corlett, R.T.. A Checklist of the Total Vascular Plat Flora of Sigapore: Native, Naturalized ad Cultivated Species. Raffles Museum of Biodiversit Research, Natioal Uiversit of Sigapore, Sigapore 301 2012. Nickret, D.L./Barceloa, J./Pelser, P./Molia, J.E./Callado, J.R.. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippies. http://www.philippieplats.org/ 301 2012. Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia 301 2012. USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN). http://www.ars-gri.gov/cgibi/pgs/html/idex.pl [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Climate Zoes: New Guiea ad the Solomo Islads. " [Qualit of climate match data 2-High] [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No] "Hardiess: USDA Zoe 10a: to -1.1 C (30 F) USDA Zoe 10b: to 1.7 C (35 F) USDA Zoe 11: above 4.5 C (40 F)" [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? Borderlie. Elevatio rage 1000 m] "Habitat: Tropical raiforests from sea level to 1000m (3000'). " [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "the Solomo Islads, with a additioal species restricted to the Solomos" [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Climate Zoes: New Guiea ad the Solomo Islads. " [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Australia] [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Sigapore] [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Yes] "Naturalized: ASIA-TROPICAL: Ido-Chia: Thailad; Malesia: Idoesia - Sumatra; Malasia" [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece i Australia] [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece i Sigapore] "cultivated ol" [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece[ "Widespread i Malesia but probabl ot ative to the Philippies. MINDANAO: Davao. Isolated trees i agricultural lads mostl plated with cocout ad betel ut, c. 500m altitude." [Naturalized beod ative rage? Ukow] Report of "ucofirmed aturalizatio" i the Philippies [Naturalized beod ative rage? Yes] "Naturalized: ASIA-TROPICAL: Ido- Chia: Thailad; Malesia: Idoesia - Sumatra; Malasia" Prit Date: 11/20/2012 Actiorhtis calapparia (Arecaceae) Page 3 of 6
302 2012. Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia 303 2012. Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia 304 2012. Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia 305 2012. Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia 401 2003. Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR. 401 2010. Frech, B.R.. Food Plats of Solomo Islads. A compedium. Food Plats Iteratioal Ic., Burie, Tasmaia [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No evidece] [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? No evidece] [Evirometal weed? No evidece] [Cogeeric weed? No evidece] 402 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Allelopathic? Ukow] [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No evidece] "The palm grows to 40 or 50 feet i habitat with a sleder, light-colored truk that Is ever more tha 8 iches i diameter." [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No] "Descriptio: A tall palm with a arrow truk. The truk is gre-brow with a bright gree crowshaft. It has a appearace a little like a cocout. It grows 20-30 m high. The frods are divided alog the leaf stalk ito arrow leaflets. These have a sharp poit. These leaflets (piae) have oe strog mid-erve ad 4-5 parallel side veis. The leaf sheath is about 1-1.3 m log. The flowerig stalk comes from below the crowshaft. This has oe stiff mai axis, 4-5 stiff side braches ad ma twigs which hag dow. The whole flowerig stalk is about 1 m log. There are two spathes, or leaflike structures, protectig the flowerig palm stalk. These are about 1 m log." 403 2012. Tropicos.org. Tropicos [Olie Database]. Missouri Botaical Garde, http://www.tropicos.org/ [Parasitic? No] Arecaceae 404 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Upalatable to grazig aimals? Ukow] 405 2001. Haelt, P. (ed.). Masfeld's ecclopedia [Toxic to aimals? No evidece] of agricultural ad horticultural crops: (except orametals). Agiospermae - moocotledoes: orchidaceae - padaaceae, Volume 5. Spriger- Verlag, Berli, Heidelberg, New York 405 2008. Wagstaff, D.J.. Iteratioal poisoous [Toxic to aimals? No evidece] plats checklist: a evidece-based referece. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL 406 2003. Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR. [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? No evidece] 406 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? Ukow] 407 2000. Lewis, C.E./Zoa, S.. A surve of caogeesis i palms (Arecaceae). Biochemical Sstematics ad Ecolog. 28: 219-228. 407 2001. Haelt, P. (ed.). Masfeld's ecclopedia of agricultural ad horticultural crops: (except orametals). Agiospermae - moocotledoes: orchidaceae - padaaceae, Volume 5. Spriger- Verlag, Berli, Heidelberg, New York 407 2008. Wagstaff, D.J.. Iteratioal poisoous plats checklist: a evidece-based referece. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL 408 2010. Frech, B.R.. Food Plats of Solomo Islads. A compedium. Food Plats Iteratioal Ic., Burie, Tasmaia 409 2003. Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR. [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No evidece] "Table 1 Results of caogeesis surve i leaf tissue of 167 palm accessios." [No evidece i Actiorhtis calapparia] [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No evidece] "I Java the seeds are chewed like betel." [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No evidece] [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No evidece, ad ulikel give raiforest habitat] "Distributio: It grows i tropical raiforest from Idia to Solomo Islads. It is widespread i Papua New Guiea." [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Yes] "The palm is adapted to su or partial shade, although oug plats prefer semi-shade or eve shade." Prit Date: 11/20/2012 Actiorhtis calapparia (Arecaceae) Page 4 of 6
409 2012. PACSOA. Palms: Actiorhtis calapparia. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/actiorhtis/cala 410 2003. Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR. 411 2003. Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR. 412 2010. Frech, B.R.. Food Plats of Solomo Islads. A compedium. Food Plats Iteratioal Ic., Burie, Tasmaia 412 2012. Nickret, D.L./Barceloa, J./Pelser, P./Molia, J.E./Callado, J.R.. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippies. http://www.philippieplats.org/ 501 2003. Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR. 502 2012. Tropicos.org. Tropicos [Olie Database]. Missouri Botaical Garde, http://www.tropicos.org/ 503 2012. Tropicos.org. Tropicos [Olie Database]. Missouri Botaical Garde, http://www.tropicos.org/ 504 2003. Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR. 601 2010. Frech, B.R.. Food Plats of Solomo Islads. A compedium. Food Plats Iteratioal Ic., Burie, Tasmaia 602 2001. Elliso, D./Elliso, A.. Cultivated palms of the world. UNSW Press, Sde. 603 2012. Krisha Kumar, H.N./Preethi, S.D./Joti Bala Chauha. Studies o the Atioxidat Activit of Actiorhtis calapparia. Iteratioal Joural of Applied Biolog ad Pharmaceutical Techolog. 3(2): 50-55. 604 2010. Frech, B.R.. Food Plats of Solomo Islads. A compedium. Food Plats Iteratioal Ic., Burie, Tasmaia 605 1994. Zomlefer, W.B.. Guide to Flowerig Plat Families. The Uiversit of North Carolia Press, Chapel Hill & Lodo 605 2003. Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR. 606 2011. Jugle Music Palms ad Ccads. Actiorhtis calapparia. http://www.juglemusic.et/palms/actiorhtiscalapparia.htm [Accessed 20 Nov 2012] 607 2012. Dave's Garder. PlatFiles: Calappa Palm - Actiorhtis calapparia. http://davesgarde.com/guides/pf/go/156644/ [Accessed 19 Nov 2012] 701 1999. Essig, F.B./Maka,T.J./Bussard, L.. A Sstematic Histological Stud of Palm Fruits. III. Subtribe Iguauriae (Arecaceae). Brittoia. 51(3): 307-325. [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle?] "Cold sesitive, so it likes a su, well draied positio i the tropics. " [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? No] "It is a true water lover ad caot withstad drought. It performs poorl i soil lackig utriets ad eeds orgaic matter ameded ito calcareous soils to thrive." [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] "The palm grows to 40 or 50 feet i habitat with a sleder, light-colored truk that Is ever more tha 8 iches i diameter." [Forms dese thickets? No evidece] "Distributio: It grows i tropical raiforest from Idia to Solomo Islads. It is widespread i Papua New Guiea." [Forms dese thickets? No evidece] "Isolated trees i agricultural lads mostl plated with cocout ad betel ut, c. 500m altitude." [Aquatic? No] "Actiorhtis calapparia grows aturall i Papua New Guiea ad the Solomo Islads i rai forest from sea level to 3000 feet elevatio." [Grass? No] Arecaceae [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] Arecaceae [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No] "The palm grows to 40 or 50 feet i habitat with a sleder, lightcolored truk that Is ever more tha 8 iches i diameter." [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No evidece] "Distributio: It grows i tropical raiforest from Idia to Solomo Islads. It is widespread i Papua New Guiea." [Produces viable seed? Yes] "Ripeed fruit is red ad seed takes 8 to 12 weeks to begi germiatio." [Hbridizes aturall? No evidece of iter-geeric hbridizatio] "Actiorhtis is a mootpic geus of flowerig plat i the palm famil foud i Oceaia. The loe species Actiorhtis calapparia is a rai forest ihabitat ad has the largest fruit of a palm i the Iguauriae (Uhl et.al., 1987). This palm is edemic to New Guiea ad the Solomo Islads thrivig i lowlad rai forest from sea level to 1000m." [Self-compatible or apomictic? Ukow] "The flowers are of separate sexes, both o the same tree. At the base of the flowerig stalk there is oe female flower to two male flowers, but towards the tip the flowers are ol male. Female flowers are larger tha the male." [Requires specialist polliators? No evidece] " the flowers actuall are predomiatl etomophilous." [Requires specialist polliators? Probabl No. Floral structure suggests uspecialized polliatio] "The ifloresceces forma a rig aroud the base of the crowshaft ad are ma brached with masses of cream-colored flowers of both sexes." [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? No evidece] "Suckerig/Solitar: Solitar (sigle truk)" [Miimum geerative time (ears)?] "Ver fast growig palm (oe of the fastest of all palms)." [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas)? Ulikel give large size] "Fruit 45 mm diam., pericarp 4-5 mm thick, stigmatic remais apical-ot clearl similar to a other geus of the Iguauriae." Prit Date: 11/20/2012 Actiorhtis calapparia (Arecaceae) Page 5 of 6
701 2012. PACSOA. Palms: Actiorhtis calapparia. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/actiorhtis/cala 702 2003. Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR. 703 2012. PACSOA. Palms: Actiorhtis calapparia. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/actiorhtis/cala 704 2012. PACSOA. Palms: Actiorhtis calapparia. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/actiorhtis/cala 705 2003. Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR. 706 2012. PACSOA. Palms: Actiorhtis calapparia. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/actiorhtis/cala [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas)? Ulikel. Large fruits lack meas of exteral attachmet] "Oval, red fruits to 6cm (2.5"). " [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] "This is amog the world's most beautiful palms." [Orametal ad ladscapig value] [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? Ulikel. Large fruits would ot become a cotamiat of produce] "Oval, red fruits to 6cm (2.5")." [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? No] "Oval, red fruits to 6cm (2.5"). " [Propagules water dispersed? Ukow] "The large egg-shaped fruits are 3 iches log ad are bore i heav, pedet masses; each oe is red or reddish brow to purplish olive whe ripe." [Buoac of fruit ukow] [Propagules bird dispersed? Possibl Yes, but probabl too large for most birds i the Hawaiia Islads] "Oval, red fruits to 6cm (2.5"). " 707 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? Ukow] Fruits ad seeds lack meas of exteral attachmet, but it ma be possible that seed cachig rodets or frugivorous mammals ma carr fruit exterall for pulp cosumptio or seed predatio. 708 2012. PACSOA. Palms: Actiorhtis calapparia. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/actiorhtis/cala 801 2012. Krisha Kumar, H.N./Preethi, S.D./Joti Bala Chauha. Studies o the Atioxidat Activit of Actiorhtis calapparia. Iteratioal Joural of Applied Biolog ad Pharmaceutical Techolog. 3(2): 50-55. 802 2001. Baski, C.C./Baski, J.M.. Seeds ecolog, biogeograph, ad evolutio of dormac ad germiatio. Academic Press, Sa Fracisco, CA 802 2008. Roal Botaic Gardes Kew. Seed Iformatio Database (SID). Versio 7.1. http://data.kew.org/sid/ [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Presumabl Yes. Flesh-fruited & likel adapted for iteral dispersal] "Oval, red fruits to 6cm (2.5"). " [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? No] "The iflorescece becomes pedet as the large fruit set; the beaked, ovoid fruit are red to purple to gree; each fruit cotais oe seed." [Large, sigle-seeded fruit ulikel to reach such high desities] [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? Ukow] Seeds described as havig morphophsiological dormac [Table 9.1] [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? Ukow] 803 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Ukow] No iformatio o herbicide efficac or chemical cotrol of this species. 804 2003. Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR. [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Ukow] " solitar, sleder-truked piate-leaved, mooecious palms " [Probabl would be killed if sigle truk was cut] 805 2012. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets)? Ukow] Prit Date: 11/20/2012 Actiorhtis calapparia (Arecaceae) Page 6 of 6
Summar of Risk Traits High Risk / Udesirable Traits Reported to be aturalized i Ido-Chia: Thailad; Malesia: Idoesia - Sumatra; Malasia Thrives i tropical climates Shade tolerat Flesh fruits possibl aid i dispersal b birds, mammals ad humas Low Risk / Desirable Traits Despite reports of aturalizatio, ot documeted as ivasive or weed Uarmed (o spies, thors or burrs) No-toxic Ladscapig ad orametal value Seeds are chewed like betel Large fruits & seeds ulikel to be iadvertetl dispersed