New Cultivars and Research in Canola Production Jack Brown University of Idaho Garfield County Farmer Day Pataha Flour Mill, Pomeroy, WA February, 3 rd, 2014
History Rapeseed cultivated on the Indian subcontinent over 4,000 years. Rapeseed recorded as an oil crop in Europe since middle ages.
History Steam power started the Industrial Revolution. Steam engines need lubrication and the best lubricant under pressure, heat and with water was rapeseed oil.
History During WW II Canada increased rapeseed production over oat to support war effort.
History Concerns of erucic acid in diet results in canola development. 1966 Oro released. 1974 Tower released.
Triangle of U S. alba DD n=12 B. nigra BB n=8 S. arvensis SS n=9 B. juncea AABB n=18 B. carenata BBCC 2n=17 B. rapa AA n=10 B. napus AACC n=19 B. oleracea CC n=9
Canola/Rapeseed Winter and spring-types. Differ only in oil quality. Canola High Oleic acid. Rapeseed High Erucic acid.
Oil Composition Saturated No C=C bonds Mono unsaturated one C=C bond Poly unsaturated 2 or more C=C bonds
Low saturated fats are healthier Low polyunsaturated fats do not require hydrogenation and hence have no Trans-fats
Slip agents
Lubricants Surfactants Engine Oils Paints and printing inks
This product contains Caprinin. Caprinin may cause abdominal cramping and loose stools and anal leakage. Caprinin inhibits the absoption of some vitamins.
High protein, high fiber live stock feed
Brassicacea Crop Options Winter canola/rapeseed Spring canola/rapeseed Yellow mustard Oriental mustard
Why Grow Canola?
Seed Yield (lb. acre -1 ) Brassica Seed Yields 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 4,000 lb/acre 3,500 lb/acre 2,200 lb/acre Winter Canola Irrigated Winter Canola Dry land Spring Canola
Seed Yield (lb. acre -1 ) Brassica Seed Yields 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 $773.20 $676.55 Wheat: $6.86/bu. Canola: $19.33/cwt. $425.26 Winter Canola Winter Canola Spring Canola Irrigated Dry land
Pacific Northwest Agriculture We must reduce soil erosion and improve water and air quality. Pesticide applications cause environmental concerns.
66 Wheat Seed Yield (Year 2) 64 Bu acre -1 62 60 58 +11% +7% 56 54 Wheat Pea Spring Previous Crop Canola
CBOT Canola Prices January 2014 $0.21 lb.
CBOT Wheat Prices January 2014 $7.10 Bu
Crop value ($) Two Year Gross Return 800 700 $ 742.28 $ 668.25 $ 748.48 600 500 400 58 bu acre -1 $ 395.14 64 bu acre -1 $ 436.64 62 bu acre -1 $ 424.70 300 200 100 0 Wheat: $6.86/bu. Pea: $23.00/cwt. Canola: $19.33/cwt. 51 bu acre -1 $ 347.14 1,007 lb acre -1 $ 231.61 Previous Crop 1,675 lb acre -1 $ 323.78 Wheat Pea Spring Canola
Ron Henning's Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 winter canola fallow winter wheat winter wheat fallow winter wheat Aaron Esser: County Director, Adams County, WSU
Date: Year 1 Year 2 Gross Gross 2 Year Yield Return Yield Return Return Treatment (--/ac) ($/ac) (bu/ac) ($/ac) ($/ac) Wheat 43.4 bu $297 34.1 $236 $533 Canola 1,724 lb. $333 47.5 $325 $658 Wheat: $6.86/bu. Canola: $19.33/cwt. Aaron Esser: County Director, Adams County, WSU
Wheat: $6.86/bu Canola: $19.33/cwt Aaron Esser: County Director, Adams County, WSU
Pacific Coast Canola PNW first canola crush facility in Warden, Washington. The plant has capacity to crush over 1,100 Mt seed/day (~350,000Mt/year) of canola seed annually, to produce 137,000 Mt of canola oil and 220,000 Mt seed meal each year. Started Crush Production January 2013.
PNW Livestock
- 2013
Brassicaceae Oilseed Crops Rotational benefits -Break disease cycles -High plant biomass -Large tap root -Allelopathic compounds Good fit in PNW -No specialized equipment required -Low moisture requirements -Adaptable to diverse agronomic zones -High market demand for products
Low saturated fats are healthier Low polyunsaturated fats do not require hydrogenation and hence have no Trans-fats
High protein, high fiber live stock feed
What to Avoid
Crop establishment is critical
Flea Beetle Diamond Back Moth Cabbage Seedpod Weevil Aphids
Rhizoctonia
Sclerotinia stem rot
Sclerotinia stem rot Soil borne stem fungus. Requires prolonged moist soil conditions to germinate, usually after canopy closure. Most damage in wet springs or irrigated. Wide range of hosts, bean, pea, lentil, alfalfa, potato and mustard. Use disease-free seed. Helix fungicide.
Blackleg
Blackleg Idaho and Washington identified as blackleg free states. Blackleg was confirmed near Bonners Ferry in 2011. Transmitted by planting infected seeds. Can persist in soils for many years after initial infection. Plant only certified seed from blackleg free regions.
Before You Grow Know Your Field History Many common herbicides have plant back restrictions, including: Ally, Amber, Assert, Beyond, Diuron, Everest, Finesse, Maverick, Olympus, Peak, Pursuit http://info.ag.uidaho.edu/pdf/pnw/pnw0571.pdf
Drift
SU Spray Drift
University of Idaho, Canola, Rapeseed and Mustard Breeding Group.
Pacific Northwest Cultivar Variety Trials Spring and winter cultivar evaluation trials in four PNW States. Identify regions specifically suited to spring or winter canola. Provide growers information of best cultivars.
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Seed Yield (lb acre -1 ) 5,200 4,700 Winter Canola Yield 1993 to 2013 Environment = 443.1 lb. acre -1 Genetics = 554 lb. acre -1 Top yield = 47.5 x year + 3,147 4,200 3,700 3,200 2,700 2,200 1,700 1,200 Bridger yield = 21.1 x year + 2,393 Year
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Seed Yield (lb. acre -1 ) 2,800 2,600 2,400 2,200 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 Spring Canola Yield 1992 to 2013 Environment = 167.2 lb. acre -1 Genetics = 420 lb. acre -1 Top yield = 26.7 x year + 1,739 Westar yield = 7.6 x year + 1,481 Year
Breeding Objectives Increase yield. Insect resistance. Increased oil content. Modified oil quality. Altered seed meal quality.
Winter Canola Cultivars Cultivar Mean 2013 2012 2011 2010 --------------------------- kg ha -1 --------------------------- Ericka 3,058 2,788 3,417 3,280 2,748 Athena 3,671 3,439 3,930 4,421 2,893 Baldur 3,737 3,449 4,495 3,774 3,230 Amanda 3,766 3,515 3,928 4,036 3,583
Amanda Winter canola
Select Spring Canola Cultivars (kg ha -1 ) Cultivar Company 2013 2012 Hyola 401 - - 1,991 InVigor 5440 LL Bayer CropSci 2,582 2,313 V12-1-RR Cargill 2,244 - DKL 55-55 RR Monsanto 2,569 2,184 HyCLASS 955 RR Croplan 2,499 2,005 Idaho Zephyr U of Idaho 2,095 2,248
http://webpages.uidaho.edu/jbrown/brassica/
IMI Tolerant Winter Canola 6,000 5,000 Amanda = 3,515 lb/acre 05.WC.15.7.5 = 3,267 lb/acre 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Odessa Reardon Moscow Grangeville Pendleton Hermiston
Standard Canola. Low Linolenic acid (LLIN s) canola with less than 2% linolenic acid content. High Oleic, Low Linolenic acid (HOLL s) canola with greater than 80% oleic acid, less than 6% linoleic acid and less than 2% linolenic acid.
Crop establishment
All sites Seed Yield Planting Date June July August Mean Cultivar ------------ kg ha -1 ------------ Amanda 3,009 2,720 1,969 2,574 a Athena 2,786 2,847 2,521 2,719 a Baldur 2,819 2,734 2,102 2,552 a Salute 1,585 1,432 1,341 1,453 b Mean 2,550 a 2,433 a 1,983 b
Moisture recording month Soil Moisture (12 & 24) Planting Date June July August Average ------------ % soil moisture ------------- July 12.31 15.00 15.13 14.15 a October 8.83 9.00 13.50 10.44 b Average 10.57 c 12.00 b 14.32 a
Aphid Damage
Flea Beetle
Insecticide Efficacy Cultivar None Insecticide Treatment Helix Capture only only Helix & Capture ----------------- 1 to 9 --------------------- Damage 1.21 c 5.31 b 5.69 b 7.68 a ----------------- kg ha -1 ------------------ Yield 3,425 3,424 3,451 3,348
Duel Purpose Winter Canola
CP CP NDF ADF CP NDF ADF NDF ADF 60 Quality Analysis 50 40 30 20 10 0 Triticale Alfalfa Canola Silage Type
350 Relative Feed Value 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Triticale Alfalfa Canola Silage Type
Forage Harvest Traditional Forage Canola Forage Time
DM Yield (Mt ha-1) 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 Forage Yield 1,045 AGDD = 5.77 Mt ha -1 Athena Baldur 2.00 1.00 y = -1E-05x 2 + 0.0209x - 5.1491 R² = 0.694 0.00 300.0 500.0 700.0 900.0 1100.0 1300.0 1500.0 Growing Degree Days
Seed Yield 6,000 $905.16 $1,078.04 Forage = $175/ton Seed = $0.19/lb 4,000 2,000 $608.75 $474.16 0 May June July August
Yield Crop Yield DM tons/acre % Canola 3.6 10.6 Canola-Wheat 4.8 19.1 Canola-Pea 3.5 10.6
Seed Yield 10,000 Forage = $175/ton Seed = $0.19/lb $840 8,000 $630 $612 6,000 4,000 $663 $690 $674 2,000 0 Canola only Can-Pea Can-Wheat $1,293 $1,302 $1,514
Silage
Strip Feeding
Questions http://webpges.uidaho.edu/jbrown/brassica/