in the Citations Section.

Thank you for using the download service. These data may be used for any scholarly / research purpose including use in the public sector. For commercial purposes the download material may be used only with explicit written permission see the website: http://www.arts.ubc.ca/econsochistory in the Citations Section. All use of the data should be accompanied with the appropriate citation. The citation for this data set is: Donald G. Paterson and Ronald A. Shearer, A History of Canadian Prices, 1840 1871; A New Wholesale Price Index, Canadian Journal of Economics, 36, 1 (2003), 224-253 and the Economic and Social History Database and Journal, www.arts.ubc.ca/econsochistory Dated: March, 2003

Paterson/Shearer Canadian Wholesale Price Index March 2003 Page 1 A New Canadian Wholesale Price Index, Monthly, 1840-1871 Donald G. Paterson and Ronald A. Shearer University of British Columbia, March 2003 Technical Description Table 1. Major Category Weights Warren - Pearson Paterson-Shearer 1855 1840-49 1850-55* 1855*-57 1858-59 1860-71 Farm Products 28.78 32.06 44.59 41.16 36.36 29.07 Processed Foodstuff 25.75 28.70 39.91 36.84 32.53 26.01 Leather Products 4.38 4.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.42 Fuel & Light 7.73 8.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.81 Metal Products 7.73 8.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.81 Building Materials 10.00 11.14 15.50 14.30 12.63 10.10 Drugs & Chemicals 0.81 0.90 0.00 1.16 1.02 0.82 Alcohol (Spirits) 3.76 4.18 0.00 5.37 4.75 3.80 Miscellaneous 0.81 0.90 0.00 1.16 1.02 0.82 Textiles and Clothing 9.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.67 9.33 House Furnishings 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 99.99 100.00 100.00 99.99 100.00 100.00 * Weights change in June 1855. The data that are used here are mostly wholesale prices taken from the 'Wholesale Prices Current' reporting. With only a few exceptions they are from Montreal. Some date as continuous series from 1840, but others from 1850, 1855 and 1860. It is not clear why the fragmentary reporting suddenly becomes continuous or why there are some breaks in reporting. The months from January 1850 to May 1855 are a particular problem. New techniques in printing and the newspaper industry also facilitated the use of templates and tabular material. For weights within a category we use the weights presented by Hanes - these are adaptations of the weights used by Warren and Pearson in their pioneering studies of US wholesale prices. The original Warren-Pearson weights varied from year to year but are in practice fixed from 1860 onward. In many cases we can match the individual commodities and where this is not possible we use close substitutes. For instance, in the Food Products Index the beef entry is the same: the price of salt beef (mess) in barrels. On the other hand, for Canada we do not have separate prices for hams, mess salt pork and prime salt pork and use the price of Canadian mess salt pork to cover all three. In the lists below, where weights have been grouped the original Hanes-Warren-Pearson (HWP) weights are shown in brackets. The weights that are

Paterson/Shearer Canadian Wholesale Price Index March 2003 Page 2 shown below may total to less than 100 if full coverage cannot be achieved. In these cases the index is computed by scaling all the weights proportionately. Monthly Food Products Index (1840-1849). The following is based on the weights which are used in Hanes (1998) "Consistent US Wholesale Price Series" and are modified Warren-Pearson weights: Food Products Commodity Prices Beef 14.00 Salt beef, average of prime (mess) and prime in barrels Pork 14.00 (Hams 4%; Mess 5%; Prime 5%) Salt pork (mess) in barrels Butter/Fats 8.00 Fats Tea 1.00 Tea, average of Twankey and Suchong Coffee 3.00 Coffee, South American or Rio Sugar 8.00 Sugar, Cuba bright - not always described Molasses 1.00 Montreal molasses (clayed) Flour/Bread 22.50 (Bread 2.5%; Bread-Navy 2.5%; Cornmeal 3%; Flour 14.5%) Superfine flour Rice 0.50 Patna rice not always described Salt 1.00 Liverpool salt Total 76.00 Monthly Food Products Index (June 1850 May 1855). Food Products Commodity Prices Beef 14.00 Salt beef, average of prime (mess) and prime in barrels Pork 14.00 (Hams 4%; Mess 5%; Prime 5%) Salt pork (mess) in barrels Butter/Fats 8.00 Fats, Butter Flour/Bread 22.50 (Bread 2.5%; Bread-Navy 2.5%; Cornmeal 3%; Flour 14.5%) Superfine flour Peas 1.00 not always described Total 59.50 Monthly Food Products Index (June 1855-1871). Food Products Commodity Prices Beef 14.00 Salt beef (mess) in barrels Pork 14.00 (Hams 4%; Mess 5%; Prime 5%) Salt pork (mess) in barrels Butter/Fats 8.00 Butter Peas/beans 1.00 Peas Tea 1.00 Tea (Twankey) Coffee 3.00 Coffee, South American or Rio Sugar 8.00 Sugar, Cuba bright Molasses 1.00 Montreal molasses (clayed) Flour/Bread 22.5 (Bread 2.5%; Bread-Navy 2.5%; Cornmeal 3%; Flour 14.5%) Superfine flour Rice 0.50 Patna rice Fruit 3.90 Average price of Dried Muscatel raisins & Dried Currants Salt 1.00 Stoved common salt Olive Oil 0.10 Olive Oil Spices 0.20 pepper Total 78.20 We achieve a 78.2% coverage of the HWP commodities with the principal omissions being: Potatoes 6%; Milk 3.4%; Fish 1%; Cheese 2%; Tallow 1%; Lard 5%; and Eggs 3%. The Food Products Index is calculated for the period 1855-1871. Spirits & Alcohol (1840-1849). This is the unweighted average of the indexes of the prices of: Spirits 25.00 Hennessey Brandy or Best Cognac - not always described 25.00 Jamaica rum Beer 25.00 London porter at Montreal, per doz., Total 75.00 Spirits & Alcohol (1850-May 1855). Not available.

Paterson/Shearer Canadian Wholesale Price Index March 2003 Page 3 Spirits & Alcohol (June 1855-1871). This is the unweighted average of the indexes of the prices of: Spirits 25.00 Hennessey Brandy 25.00 Jamaica rum 25.00 De Kuypers' or Holland gin Beer 25.00 London porter at Montreal, per doz., The HWP uses a grain alcohol price. Building Materials. The prices of lumber here are the Quebec City posted prices from the Forsyth and Bell Circulars. All other prices are from Montreal markets. The principal part of the building materials index is made up of wood. Although certain key building commodities are not included here such as lime, cement, bricks and glass (except in the period 1840 1849) and their absence accounts for only a 15% difference from the HWP index. We would not expect the time pattern of the index to be very much different had these prices been available. Building Materials (1840-1849). White Pine Boards 32.00 White pine 24%; yellow pine 8%) Quebec City pine deals Oak Timber 13.00 (Oak timber 10%; oak headings 3%) Quebec City oak Spruce Boards 5.00 Quebec City spruce deals Staves & Shingles 26.00 (Shingles 12%; staves 14%) Quebec City staves, "firsts" Paint 4.00 paint, average of white & red lead Linseed Oil 2.00 Best boiled linseed oil not always described Turpentine 0.40 Turpentine [May 1844 to December 1848 only] Nails 2.00 nails, average of common wire & 14lb. nails Glass 3.00 Window glass, 6.5 X 7.5 Total 87.00 Building Materials (1850-1871). White Pine Boards 32.00 White pine 24%; yellow pine 8%) Quebec City pine deals Oak Timber 13.00 (Oak timber 10%; oak headings 3%) Quebec City oak Spruce Boards 5.00 Quebec City spruce deals Staves & Shingles 26.00 (Shingles 12%; staves 14%) Quebec City staves, "firsts" Total 76.00 Building Materials (June 1855-1860). White Pine Boards 32.00 White pine 24%; yellow pine 8%) Quebec City pine deals Oak Timber 13.00 (Oak timber 10%; oak headings 3%) Quebec City oak Spruce Boards 5.00 Quebec City spruce deals Staves & Shingles 26.00 (Shingles 12%; staves 14%) Quebec City staves, "firsts" Red Lead paint 4.00 Red lead paint Putty 0.10 Putty Linseed Oil 2.00 Best boiled linseed oil Total 82.10 Building Materials (1860-1871). White Pine Boards 32.00 White pine 24%; yellow pine 8%) Quebec City pine deals Oak Timber 13.00 (Oak timber 10%; oak headings 3%) Quebec City oak Spruce Boards 5.00 Quebec City spruce deals Staves & Shingles 26.00 (Shingles 12%; staves 14%) Quebec City staves, "firsts" Red Lead paint 4.00 Red lead paint Putty 0.10 Putty Linseed Oil 2.00 Best boiled linseed oil Tar 0.50 Coal tar Turpentine 0.40 Turpentine

Paterson/Shearer Canadian Wholesale Price Index March 2003 Page 4 Nails 2.00 Common wire nails Total 85.00 Drugs and Chemicals. Excluded: cement 2%; (after 1849) glass 3%; bricks 5%; and lime 5%. The US Hanes Warren-Pearson index for this commodity group uses five commonly produced and used drug and chemicals prices with equal weight applied. We follow the same procedure with four or five such goods as available. Two are the same as the HWP: Alum and sulphur. The HWP uses the prices of: blue vitriol, copperas and indigo. Here we use: carbonate of soda and borax. Drugs and Chemicals (1840-1849). Alum 20.00 Alum Borax 20.00 Borax Carbonate of soda 20.00 Carbonate of soda Sulphur 20.00 Sulphur flour Indigo 20.00 Drugs and Chemicals (1850- May 1855). Not available. Drugs and Chemicals (June 1855-1871). Alum 25.00 Alum Borax 25.00 Borax Carbonate of soda 25.00 Carbonate of soda Sulphur 25.00 Sulphur flour Miscellaneous Commodities. The HWP Miscellaneous Commodities Price Index for the US has five commodities that can be closely duplicated in Canada. We have substituted the price of saltpetre for the unavailable gunpowder and borax for soap. Borax was the universal cleaning agent of the 19 th century (and later) and could be used in various concentrations. Apart from various household cleaning uses borax was also used for personal hygiene. "It allays the heat of sunburn, bleaches out tan and redness helps freckles and moth to a great degree" [Jefferies and Nichols (1894) p.111]. We have no corresponding price to that of rubber. Miscellaneous Commodities (1840-1849). Ashes, pearl 20.00 Ashes, pearl Saltpetre 30.00 (Gunpowder 30%) saltpetre Starch 10.00 Glenfield starch - not always described Soap 30.00 Imported Total 90.00 Miscellaneous Commodities (1850- May 1855). Not available. Miscellaneous Commodities (June 1855-1871). Ashes, pearl 20.00 Ashes, pearl Saltpetre 30.00 (Gunpowder 30%) saltpetre Starch 10.00 Glenfield starch Borax 30.00 (Soap 30%) Total 90.00 Excluded: rubber 10%.

Paterson/Shearer Canadian Wholesale Price Index March 2003 Page 5 Hides and Leather Goods (1840-1849). Hides 30.00 Green or fresh slaughter hides Leather 70.00 Average of: leather, Sole No.1; calfskin leather; and patent leather Hides and Leather Goods (1850-1859). Not available. Hides and Leather Goods (1860-1871). Hides 30.00 Green or fresh slaughter hides Leather 70.00 Average of: leather, Sole No.1; calfskin leather; and patent leather Fuel and Lighting (1840-1849). Coal, Bituminous 50.00 Newcastle grate coal (occasionally described as 'Welsh') Candles 3.00 candles, average of Belmont and common Oil 2.00 whale oil, average of whale and sperm oil Total 55.00 Fuel and Lighting (1850-1859). Not available. Fuel and Lighting (1860-1871). Coal, Bituminous 50.00 Newcastle grate coal (occasionally described as 'Welsh') Coal, anthracite 34.00 Lehigh coal Candles 3.00 Belmont candles Oil 2.00 whale oil, often described as 'bleached' Total 89.00 Excluded: Petroleum 10% and Matches 1%. Metals and Metal Products (1840-1849). Pig Iron 17.00 pig iron (Gartshire, No. 1) Sheet Iron 21.00 sheet iron (best brands), Nails, Wire 22.00 (Nails 10%; iron wire 5%; wood screws 5%; butts 2%) cut nails (occasionally described as 'assorted') Spring Steel 5.00 (Shovels 5%) spring steel (best) Tin 13.00 (Tin, pig 5%; spelter 3%; zinc plate 5%) charcoal tin plate (IC) Lead* 5.00 lead, average of sheet & shot Total 89.00 Metals and Metal Products (1850-1859). Not available. Metals and Metal Products (1860-1871). * Added commodity. Pig Iron 17.00 pig iron (Gartshire, No. 1) Sheet Iron 21.00 sheet iron (best brands), Nails, Wire 22.00 (Nails 10%; iron wire 5%; wood screws 5%; butts 2%) cut nails (occasionally described as 'assorted') Spring Steel 5.00 (Shovels 5%) spring steel (best) Tin 13.00 (Tin, pig 5%; spelter 3%; zinc plate 5%) charcoal tin plate (IC) Total 84.00 Excluded: Copper sheets and pigs 15%; and Quicksilver 1%. Textiles and Clothing (1858 1871) Proxy.

Paterson/Shearer Canadian Wholesale Price Index March 2003 Page 6 Textiles and textile products made up 16.0% of all imports by value in 1855 and 27.4% in 1865. Linen imports were 4.3% and 5.1% of all textile imports in the same two years. Cotton textiles made up the bulk of textile imports in 1855 (59.1%) but the second largest category in 1865 (33.2%). Woollen goods were 38.0% of all textile imports in 1855 but were the largest class in 1865 at 47.4%. As noted in the text there are no useful textile prices for Canada of this period. Furthermore even in pursuit of a proxy for textile prices there are few alternatives. The Liverpool price of raw cotton, which is available, is not a good indicator because raw cotton prices tended to be more volatile than the price of finished textile goods. Here the proxy is the simple average of the price of two popular weights of linen yarn. Although the prices are quoted at Belfast they were essentially the Liverpool ones. Source: Belfast Linen Trade Circular, (1853 1871), Belfast. The systematic reporting of prices did not begin until January 1858. The assumption is that linen price movements matched the prices of near substitutes. This can be confirmed for woollen goods on an annual basis. Summary Statement of the Quantity and Value of Foreign Merchandise Entering for Consumption, Sessional Papers, various years. Linen Yarn 50.00 25 Lea, Linen Yarn, Weight 8lbs. per bundle, Medium and Prime Warp Linen Yarn 50.00 50 Lea, Linen Yarn, Weight 8lbs. per bundle, Medium and Prime Warp Total Not Applicable Not covered in the this index are 'house furnishings'. These account 1% in the Warren-Pearson All Commodities Index. All Commodity Index. For category weights see Table 1. Montreal wholesale prices are taken primarily from the Montreal Gazette published in a section usually described as "Wholesale Prices Current". In certain years there was an individual description of particular markets such as the "Leather Market". Occasionally there were annual reviews (1861 and 1863) of monthly prices. These prices were quoted in other Montreal newspapers on an irregular basis over the period: The Montreal Herald and Daily Commercial Gazette, The Montreal Transcript and Commercial Advertiser, and The Pilot and Evening Journal of Commerce. Also The Morning Chronicle of Quebec City and The Ottawa Citizen occasionally carried Montreal market information. Reference: Paterson, Donald G. & Shearer, Ronald A., "A History of Canadian prices, 1840-1871; A New Wholesale Price Index", Canadian Journal of Economics, 36, 1 (2003), 224-253

Paterson/Shearer Canadian Wholesale Price Index March 2003 Page 7 Table 2 Canadian Wholesale Price Index, Monthly, 1840 1871. Average of 1860 = 100.00 Jan-40 100.1 Feb-40 99.2 Mar-40 99.3 Apr-40 97.3 May-40 96.3 Jun-40 95.4 Jul-40 94.4 Aug-40 93.1 Sep-40 96.1 Oct-40 95.7 Nov-40 96.2 Dec-40 94.4 Jan-41 92.7 Feb-41 91.0 Mar-41 89.3 Apr-41 87.6 May-41 85.8 Jun-41 84.4 Jul-41 84.6 Aug-41 83.7 Sep-41 87.3 Oct-41 86.8 Nov-41 85.0 Dec-41 84.5 Jan-42 84.0 Feb-42 83.5 Mar-42 83.0 Apr-42 82.6 May-42 82.1 Jun-42 79.2 Jul-42 79.4 Aug-42 78.9 Sep-42 75.8 Oct-42 75.3 Nov-42 71.7 Dec-42 71.6 Jan-43 71.5 Feb-43 71.5 Mar-43 71.4 Apr-43 71.4 May-43 71.3 Jun-43 71.9 Jul-43 73.7 Aug-43 72.5 Sep-43 71.7 Oct-43 71.0 Nov-43 70.2 Dec-43 70.4 Jan-44 71.6 Feb-44 72.8 Mar-44 74.0 Apr-44 75.2 May-44 76.4 Jun-44 75.0 Jul-44 74.1 Aug-44 73.4 Sep-44 72.7 Oct-44 71.0 Nov-44 70.3 Dec-44 70.5 Jan-45 71.8 Feb-45 73.6 Mar-45 75.5 Apr-45 77.4 May-45 79.6 Jun-45 78.9 Jul-45 76.9 Aug-45 76.5 Sep-45 79.3 Oct-45 80.3 Nov-45 83.7 Dec-45 84.7 Jan-46 86.5 Feb-46 85.0 Mar-46 83.6 Apr-46 82.2 May-46 80.8 Jun-46 79.3 Jul-46 77.5 Aug-46 77.7 Sep-46 78.9 Oct-46 82.1 Nov-46 83.5 Dec-46 84.1 Jan-47 84.8 Feb-47 85.4 Mar-47 86.1 Apr-47 86.7 May-47 87.3 Jun-47 96.6 Jul-47 94.6 Aug-47 89.6 Sep-47 89.6 Oct-47 89.3 Nov-47 87.3 Dec-47 85.2 Jan-48 83.2 Feb-48 81.2 Mar-48 79.1 Apr-48 80.1 May-48 81.2 Jun-48 78.7 Jul-48 76.6 Aug-48 78.5 Sep-48 78.3 Oct-48 78.9 Nov-48 83.1 Dec-48 81.5 Jan-49 79.9 Feb-49 78.2 Mar-49 76.6 Apr-49 75.0 May-49 73.4 Jun-49 73.7 Jul-49 73.3 Aug-49 74.1 Sep-49 74.9 Oct-49 74.0 Nov-49 75.1 Dec-49 75.3 Jan-50 75.3 Feb-50 80.1 Mar-50 82.3 Apr-50 84.4 May-50 83.5 Jun-50 83.3 Jul-50 83.0 Aug-50 74.8 Sep-50 73.4 Oct-50 75.4 Nov-50 74.1 Dec-50 73.9 Jan-51 73.9 Feb-51 76.9 Mar-51 77.4 Apr-51 76.8 May-51 78.3 Jun-51 77.7 Jul-51 80.1 Aug-51 81.6 Sep-51 82.3 Oct-51 84.5 Nov-51 84.4 Dec-51 84.0 Jan-52 84.0 Feb-52 84.7 Mar-52 84.6 Apr-52 85.8 May-52 85.3 Jun-52 86.2 Jul-52 80.7 Aug-52 86.8 Sep-52 85.5 Oct-52 83.4 Nov-52 86.0 Dec-52 85.9 Jan-53 91.0 Feb-53 92.2 Mar-53 94.8 Apr-53 90.3 May-53 88.0 Jun-53 85.1 Jul-53 89.9 Aug-53 94.3 Sep-53 104.0 Oct-53 104.1 Nov-53 99.6 Dec-53 100.7 Jan-54 106.2 Feb-54 110.2 Mar-54 117.2 Apr-54 119.8 May-54 125.0 Jun-54 124.6 Jul-54 123.0 Aug-54 122.2 Sep-54 124.1 Oct-54 126.0 Nov-54 128.8 Dec-54 128.7 Jan-55 131.2 Feb-55 131.2 Mar-55 130.9 Apr-55 137.3 May-55 149.1 Jun-55 126.4 Jul-55 120.9 Aug-55 121.7 Sep-55 124.6 Oct-55 118.7 Nov-55 125.3 Dec-55 126.5 Jan-56 122.5 Feb-56 124.6 Mar-56 118.0 Apr-56 118.0 May-56 118.0 Jun-56 115.6 Jul-56 117.2 Aug-56 120.2 Sep-56 118.6 Oct-56 118.0 Nov-56 119.9 Dec-56 116.2 Jan-57 111.9 Feb-57 114.3 Mar-57 118.8 Apr-57 118.5 May-57 126.4 Jun-57 128.9 Jul-57 127.4 Aug-57 128.9 Sep-57 125.3 Oct-57 120.2 Nov-57 111.9 Dec-57 108.3 Jan-58 107.4 Feb-58 104.6 Mar-58 105.6 Apr-58 106.0 May-58 104.5 Jun-58 104.6 Jul-58 103.5 Aug-58 105.5 Sep-58 104.9 Oct-58 104.1 Nov-58 101.5 Dec-58 101.7 Jan-59 99.0 Feb-59 103.3 Mar-59 104.4 Apr-59 105.4 May-59 105.4 Jun-59 105.4 Jul-59 103.7 Aug-59 99.1 Sep-59 98.4 Oct-59 98.9 Nov-59 99.8 Dec-59 101.1 Jan-60 102.3 Feb-60 101.9 Mar-60 101.1 Apr-60 100.4 May-60 101.2 Jun-60 97.7 Jul-60 96.6 Aug-60 98.4 Sep-60 99.5 Oct-60 99.5 Nov-60 98.0 Dec-60 98.5 Jan-61 97.5 Feb-61 96.6 Mar-61 92.7 Apr-61 93.9 May-61 94.6 Jun-61 91.7 Jul-61 92.8 Aug-61 93.9 Sep-61 97.5 Oct-61 97.2 Nov-61 95.5 Dec-61 95.9

Paterson/Shearer Canadian Wholesale Price Index March 2003 Page 8 Jan-62 95.3 Feb-62 95.4 Mar-62 95.9 Apr-62 94.0 May-62 95.0 Jun-62 93.7 Jul-62 92.7 Aug-62 95.5 Sep-62 95.6 Oct-62 93.3 Nov-62 94.0 Dec-62 92.7 Jan-63 93.5 Feb-63 93.3 Mar-63 93.6 Apr-63 92.1 May-63 90.4 Jun-63 90.4 Jul-63 90.8 Aug-63 90.0 Sep-63 92.4 Oct-63 95.9 Nov-63 99.6 Dec-63 100.7 Jan-64 102.7 Feb-64 103.1 Mar-64 103.0 Apr-64 102.8 May-64 103.9 Jun-64 102.5 Jul-64 105.1 Aug-64 105.7 Sep-64 102.7 Oct-64 104.0 Nov-64 101.5 Dec-64 100.7 Jan-65 102.0 Feb-65 101.2 Mar-65 101.3 Apr-65 101.1 May-65 102.4 Jun-65 99.3 Jul-65 99.0 Aug-65 101.9 Sep-65 106.4 Oct-65 116.0 Nov-65 117.3 Dec-65 114.8 Jan-66 113.7 Feb-66 115.3 Mar-66 115.5 Apr-66 119.1 May-66 118.5 Jun-66 116.0 Jul-66 113.8 Aug-66 113.4 Sep-66 117.0 Oct-66 116.3 Nov-66 114.1 Dec-66 113.5 Jan-67 115.0 Feb-67 115.4 Mar-67 115.3 Apr-67 116.8 May-67 118.5 Jun-67 114.1 Jul-67 111.0 Aug-67 110.7 Sep-67 110.9 Oct-67 108.7 Nov-67 109.8 Dec-67 110.2 Jan-68 112.9 Feb-68 112.9 Mar-68 115.3 Apr-68 116.8 May-68 115.2 Jun-68 110.1 Jul-68 109.4 Aug-68 107.9 Sep-68 107.8 Oct-68 107.2 Nov-68 108.9 Dec-68 108.2 Jan-69 110.8 Feb-69 110.6 Mar-69 110.2 Apr-69 109.5 May-69 110.2 Jun-69 107.6 Jul-69 107.6 Aug-69 108.3 Sep-69 108.9 Oct-69 106.3 Nov-69 104.9 Dec-69 105.4 Jan-70 104.0 Feb-70 101.4 Mar-70 102.8 Apr-70 103.8 May-70 107.7 Jun-70 110.3 Jul-70 112.9 Aug-70 112.0 Sep-70 113.2 Oct-70 112.3 Nov-70 112.9 Dec-70 110.7 Jan-71 112.4 Feb-71 114.5 Mar-71 112.5 Apr-71 110.6 May-71 106.2 Jun-71 108.1 Jul-71 107.1 Aug-71 107.2 Sep-71 106.8 Oct-71 109.8 Nov-71 111.5 Dec-71 112.3 Notes: Figures in italics between Jan. 1840 and Dec. 1849 are interpolated.