Famil: Sapidaceae Taxo: Schleichera oleosa Som: Schleichera trijuga Willd. Commo Name: Celo oak lactree Macassar oiltree Mala lactree Questioaire : curret 20090513 Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: HPWRA OrgData Desigatio: EVALUATE Data Etr Perso: HPWRA OrgData WRA Score 1 101 Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, =-1 103 Does the species have weed races? =1, =-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio 205 302 Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, =-1 405 Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 Prit Date: 2/7/2013 Schleichera oleosa (Sapidaceae) Page 1 of 7
411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, =-1 603 Hbridizes aturall =1, =-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic =1, =-1 605 Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, =-1 607 Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, >3 4+ ears = -1 701 Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, =-1 703 Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, =-1 704 Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, =-1 705 Propagules water dispersed =1, =-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed =1, =-1 707 Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, =-1 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, =-1 801 Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, =-1 802 Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, =-1 803 Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, =-1 805 Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: EVALUATE WRA Score 1 Prit Date: 2/7/2013 Schleichera oleosa (Sapidaceae) Page 2 of 7
Supportig Data: 101 2005. CAB Iteratioal. Forestr Compedium. CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK [Is the species highl domesticated? No evidece] 102 2013. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA 103 2013. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA 201 2013. USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN). http://www.ars-gri.gov/cgibi/pgs/html/idex.pl 202 2013. USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN). http://www.ars-gri.gov/cgibi/pgs/html/idex.pl 203 2005. CAB Iteratioal. Forestr Compedium. CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK 204 2005. CAB Iteratioal. Forestr Compedium. CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK 205 2005. CAB Iteratioal. Forestr Compedium. CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK 301 2001. Haelt, P. (ed.). Masfeld's ecclopedia of agricultural ad horticultural crops: (except orametals). Vol. 1. Spriger-Verlag, Berli, Heidelberg, New York 301 2011. Kudu, M.. Schleichera oleosa (Lou.) Oke. Seed Leaflet No. 153. Forest & Ladscape Demark, Uiversit of Copehage, 302 2012. Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia 303 2012. Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia 304 2012. Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia 305 2012. Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia 401 2006. Sasidhara, N.. Illustrated Maual o Tree Flora of Kerala Supplemeted with Computeraided Idetificatio. Kerala Forest Research Istitute, Kerala, Idia 402 2003. Fujii, Y./Parvez, S. S./Parvez, M.M./Ohmae, Y./Iida, O.. Screeig of 239 medicial plat species for allelopathic activit usig the sadwich method. Weed Biolog ad Maagemet. 3: 233 241. [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - 2-High] "Native: ASIA- TROPICAL Idia Subcotiet: Idia; Nepal; Sri Laka Ido-Chia: Idochia; Mamar; Thailad Malesia: Idoesia; Malasia" [Qualit of climate match data 2-High] [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? Yes. Elevatio rage exceeds 1000 m]"- Altitude rage: 0-1200 m - Mea aual raifall: 500-2800 mm - Raifall regime: summer; bimodal - Dr seaso duratio: 4-6 moths - Mea aual temperature: 14-27ºC - Mea maximum temperature of hottest moth: 30-34ºC - Mea miimum temperature of coldest moth: 9-20ºC - Absolute miimum temperature: > -3ºC" [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "It is widel distributed throughout the Idia subcotiet ad has become aturalized i Idoesia. " [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? No evidece] [Naturalized beod ative rage? Possibl Cetral America] "elsewhere (e.g. i Cetral America) escaped from cultivatio." [Naturalized beod ative rage? Yes] "It occurs aturall from the foothills of the Himalaas ad the wester Decca to Sri Laka ad Chia. It was probabl itroduced to Malasia ad has aturalized i Idoesia." [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No evidece] [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? No evidece] [Evirometal weed? No evidece] [Cogeeric weed? No evidece] [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No evidece] "Deciduous trees, to 20 m high, bole fluted; bark 10-12 mm thick, surface gre, smooth, brittle; blaze reddishbrow. Leaves paripiate, alterate, exstipulate; rachis 5.5-11.5 cm, stout, glabrous, swolle at base; leaflets 4-6, opposite or subopposite; petiolule up to 3 mm, sleder, glabrous; lamia 5-15 x 1.8-4.5 cm, elliptic-oblog, ovate or obovate, base oblique or rarel obtuse, apex acute or obtuse, margi etire, coriaceous, glabrous; lateral erves 10-23, parallel, promiet, itercostae reticulate, fait." [Allelopathic? Possibl Yes, usig cocetrated extracts] "Table 1. Screeig of leaf litter of 239 medicial plat species uder differet families usig the sadwich method" [Schleichera oleosa - *** idicates icreasigl strog ihibitor activit.] Prit Date: 2/7/2013 Schleichera oleosa (Sapidaceae) Page 3 of 7
403 2006. Sasidhara, N.. Illustrated Maual o Tree [Parasitic? No] "Deciduous trees, to 20 m high, " [Sapidaceae] Flora of Kerala Supplemeted with Computeraided Idetificatio. Kerala Forest Research Istitute, Kerala, Idia 403 2013. USDA APHIS. Parasitic plat geera list. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plat_health/permits/or gaism/dowloads/parasitic_plat_geera.pdf [Parasitic? No] 404 1997. Madal, L.. Nutritive values of tree leaves of some tropical species for goats. Small Rumiat Research. 24(2): 95-105. 404 2005. CAB Iteratioal. Forestr Compedium. CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK 405 1997. Madal, L.. Nutritive values of tree leaves of some tropical species for goats. Small Rumiat Research. 24(2): 95-105. 405 2005. CAB Iteratioal. Forestr Compedium. CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK 406 2005. CAB Iteratioal. Forestr Compedium. CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK 406 2011. Kudu, M.. Schleichera oleosa (Lou.) Oke. Seed Leaflet No. 153. Forest & Ladscape Demark, Uiversit of Copehage, 407 2008. Wagstaff, D.J.. Iteratioal poisoous plats checklist: a evidece-based referece. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL 407 2013. World Agroforestr Cetre. Agroforestr http://www.worldagroforestrcetre.org/sea/produc ts/afdbases/af/asp/speciesifo.asp?spid=18132 [Upalatable to grazig aimals? No] "The leaves are lopped for fodder almost throughout the atural rage of its distributio (Laurie, 1945). It s seedligs ad sapligs are readil browsed b cattle (Troup, 1921)." [Upalatable to grazig aimals? No] "The leaves, twigs ad seeds are used as cattle fodder." [Toxic to aimals? No evidece] "The leaves are lopped for fodder almost throughout the atural rage of its distributio (Laurie, 1945). It s seedligs ad sapligs are readil browsed b cattle (Troup, 1921)." [Toxic to aimals? No evidece] "The leaves, twigs ad seeds are used as cattle fodder." [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges?] "A umber of defoliators, sap-suckers ad borers are pests of the species." "Pests recorded Isects: Aoidiella orietalis (orietal ellow scale) Cricula trifeestrata (tea flush worm) Euwallacea foricatus (tea shot-hole borer) Kerria lacca (lac, isect) Xlosadrus morigerus (brow twig beetle) Fugus diseases: Daedalea flavida [1] Hexagoia apiaria Irpex flavus Polporus weberiaus Roselliia buodes (black root rot) [1]" [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges?] "Phtosaitar problem 39 isect species have bee recorded o this species; these are defoliators, borers, sapsuckers etc. A bug, Serietha augur Fabr., pierces the testa of the seed ad feeds upo the oil cotledos. The most importat isect attackig the tree is the lac isect, Laccifer lacca, the larvae of which suck the sap from the succulet twigs. Two parasitic fugi, Roselliia buodes ad Polporus weberiaus are kow to cause blight ad whiterot diseases respectivel o livig trees. Daedalea flavida ad Hexagoia apiaria cause white spog rot ad Irpex flavus Koltz causes white fibrous rot o felled timber." [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No evidece] [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No evidece] "Fodder: Leaves, twigs ad seed-cake are used to feed cattle. Food: The pleasatl acid arillodes of the ripe seeds are eate, whereas immature fruit is pickled. Cooked oug leaves make a side dish. Fuel: The wood is suitable as firewood ad makes excellet charcoal. Lipids: Oil extracted from the seed, called 'kusum oil', is a valuable compoet of true Macassar oil used i hairdressig; it is also used for culiar ad lightig purpose ad i traditioal medicie it is applied to cure itchig, ace ad other ski afflictios. Uguets are made of the harder fractio of the oil. I Madura ad Java the oil is used i the batik idustr, ad i souther Idia as a coolig bath oil. Medicie: Powdered seeds are applied to wouds ad ulcers of cattle to remove maggots. The bark is astriget ad used agaist ski imflammatios ad ulcers, while a ifusio is take agaist malaria. Tai or destuff: A de ad tai are obtaied from the bark. Tai used to be utilised occasioall for taig leather. Timber: The pikish-brow heartwood is ver hard ad durable, execellet to make pestles, cartwheels, axles, ploughs, tool hadles ad rollers of sugar mills ad oil presses. Other products: I Idia, it is used as host for the lac isect (Laccifer lacca). The product is called kusum lac ad is the best i qualit ad i ield." 408 2013. World Agroforestr Cetre. Agroforestr http://www.worldagroforestrcetre.org/sea/produc ts/afdbases/af/asp/speciesifo.asp?spid=18132 [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No evidece] "S. oleosa is fireresistat." Prit Date: 2/7/2013 Schleichera oleosa (Sapidaceae) Page 4 of 7
409 2005. CAB Iteratioal. Forestr Compedium. CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK 410 2005. CAB Iteratioal. Forestr Compedium. CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK 411 2005. CAB Iteratioal. Forestr Compedium. CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK 412 1977. Dittus, W.P.J.. The Ecolog of a Semi- Evergree Forest Commuit i Sri Laka. Biotropica. 9(4): 268-286. 412 2011. Kudu, M.. Schleichera oleosa (Lou.) Oke. Seed Leaflet No. 153. Forest & Ladscape Demark, Uiversit of Copehage, 501 2011. Kudu, M.. Schleichera oleosa (Lou.) Oke. Seed Leaflet No. 153. Forest & Ladscape Demark, Uiversit of Copehage, 502 2013. USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN). http://www.ars-gri.gov/cgibi/pgs/html/idex.pl 503 2013. USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN). http://www.ars-gri.gov/cgibi/pgs/html/idex.pl 504 2005. CAB Iteratioal. Forestr Compedium. CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK 601 2011. Redd, C.S./Babar, S./Amarath, G./Pattaaik, C.. Structure ad floristic compositio of tree stad i tropical forest i the Easter Ghats of orther Adhra Pradesh, Idia. Joural of Forestr Research. 22(4): 491 500. [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Yes] "The species is slow growig ad is tolerat of shade, drought ad frost." [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? No] "Soil descriptors - Soil texture: light; medium - Soil draiage: free - Soil reactio: eutral - Special soil toleraces: ifertile" [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] "S. oleosa is a large, decidous tree, up to 40 m tall ad 200 cm i diameter." [Forms dese thickets? No evidece] "TABLE 1. The umber ad desit of tree species." [Schleichera oleosa - Desit per hectare = 7.8] [Forms dese thickets? No evidece] "The tree occurs sporadicall, seldom gregariousl i dr, mixed deciduous forest." [Aquatic? No] "It grows o rather dr to occasioall swamp locatios o various, ofte rock, gravell or loam, well draied, preferable slightl acidic soil." [Grass? No] Sapidaceae [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] Sapidaceae [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No] "S. oleosa is a large, decidous tree, up to 40 m tall ad 200 cm i diameter." [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No] "Populatio structure of the four domiat species revealed that Xlia xlocarpa, Pterocarpus marsupium, Schleichera oleosa ad Grewia tiliaefolia had a clear expadig populatio structure occupig majorit of space, with greater represetatio i all size classes." 602 2013. World Agroforestr Cetre. Agroforestr [Produces viable seed? Yes] "Natural regeeratio is b seed ad root suckers. Propagatio is b direct sowig i thoroughl prepared soil or b stump platig. I http://www.worldagroforestrcetre.org/sea/produc urseries i West Begal (Idia), seed is sow 7.5 cm apart immediatel after ts/afdbases/af/asp/speciesifo.asp?spid=18132 collectio." 603 2009. Gautam, M.V./Tado, R.. Sexual Sstem i Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oke (Sapidaceae). The Joural of Plat Reproductive Biolog. 1(1): 73-80. 604 2009. Gautam, M.V./Tado, R.. Sexual Sstem i Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oke (Sapidaceae). The Joural of Plat Reproductive Biolog. 1(1): 73-80. 605 1994. Murali, K.S./Sukumar, R.. Reproductive Pheolog of a Tropical Dr Forest i Mudumalai, Souther Idia. Joural of Ecolog 82(4): 759-767. 82(4): 759-767. 606 2005. CAB Iteratioal. Forestr Compedium. CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK 607 2013. Hawaiia Tropical Plat Nurser. Edible Plats. http://www.hawaiiatropicalplats.com/fruit.html 701 2006. Sasidhara, N.. Illustrated Maual o Tree Flora of Kerala Supplemeted with Computeraided Idetificatio. Kerala Forest Research Istitute, Kerala, Idia [Hbridizes aturall? No evidece] "Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oke (Sapidaceae) is a mootpic geus that occurs aturall i the greater part of Idia (Mabberle 1997)." [Self-compatible or apomictic? Possibl] "Although occurrece of protadrous coditio i S. oleosa suggests avoidace of autogam, the species is ulikel to escape from selfig because geitoogam ma prevail. This aspect has to be verified with cotrolled breedig experimets." [Requires specialist polliators? No] "Appedix I List of species studied, occurrece, polliatio ad dispersal modes" [Schleichera oleosa - Polliatio Mode - B = Bee] [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? Yes] "- Abilit to sucker; pollard" [Miimum geerative time (ears)? 6+] "Takes about 6 to 8 ears to begi bloomig." [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas)? No evidece] "Fruit a drupe, 16-18 mm across, subcrustaceous, poited, ofte echiate with stout rather blut prickles; seed 1 or 2, eclosed i a pulp aril which has a pleasat acid taste; testa smooth, brow." [Ulikel, as fruit & seeds relativel large ad lack meas of exteral attachmet] Prit Date: 2/7/2013 Schleichera oleosa (Sapidaceae) Page 5 of 7
702 2013. Hawaiia Tropical Plat Nurser. Edible [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes. Sold commerciall i Hawaii] Plats. http://www.hawaiiatropicalplats.com/fruit.html 702 2013. World Agroforestr Cetre. Agroforestr http://www.worldagroforestrcetre.org/sea/produc ts/afdbases/af/asp/speciesifo.asp?spid=18132 [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] "Orametal: I Cetral Idia, it is much plated as a waside tree." 703 2006. Sasidhara, N.. Illustrated Maual o Tree Flora of Kerala Supplemeted with Computeraided Idetificatio. Kerala Forest Research Istitute, Kerala, Idia 704 1998. Dassaaake, M.D./Clato, W.D. (eds.). A Revised hadbook to the flora of Celo, Volume 12. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlads 705 2011. Kudu, M.. Schleichera oleosa (Lou.) Oke. Seed Leaflet No. 153. Forest & Ladscape Demark, Uiversit of Copehage, 706 1989. Beckig, J. H.. Diets of Javaese Birds. I Heri Jacob Victor Sod, 1892-1959: His Life ad Work. Brill Archive, Leide, Netherlads 706 1994. Murali, K.S./Sukumar, R.. Reproductive Pheolog of a Tropical Dr Forest i Mudumalai, Souther Idia. Joural of Ecolog 82(4): 759-767. 82(4): 759-767. 706 1998. Dassaaake, M.D./Clato, W.D. (eds.). A Revised hadbook to the flora of Celo, Volume 12. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlads 707 1998. Dassaaake, M.D./Clato, W.D. (eds.). A Revised hadbook to the flora of Celo, Volume 12. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlads 708 1998. Dassaaake, M.D./Clato, W.D. (eds.). A Revised hadbook to the flora of Celo, Volume 12. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlads 708 2000. Duke, J.A.. Hadbook of uts. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL 801 2013. World Agroforestr Cetre. Agroforestr http://www.worldagroforestrcetre.org/sea/produc ts/afdbases/af/asp/speciesifo.asp?spid=18132 802 2002. Marod, D./Kutitara, U./Taaka, H./Nakashizuka, T.. The effects of drought ad fire o seed ad seedlig damics i a tropical seasoal forest i Thailad. Plat Ecolog. 161: 41 57. 802 2005. CAB Iteratioal. Forestr Compedium. CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK 802 2011. Kudu, M.. Schleichera oleosa (Lou.) Oke. Seed Leaflet No. 153. Forest & Ladscape Demark, Uiversit of Copehage, [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? No evidece] "Fruit a drupe, 16-18 mm across, subcrustaceous, poited, ofte echiate with stout rather blut prickles; seed 1 or 2, eclosed i a pulp aril which has a pleasat acid taste; testa smooth, brow." [Fruit & seeds relativel large ad ulikel to become a cotamiat of produce] [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? No] "Drupes ovoid, 2-2.5 x 1.5 cm, sharpl poited, sometimes spi. Seeds 1 or 2, ± ovoid or sub-globular, 1-1.5 cm log; aril flesh, pulp, earl coverig the seed, with a pleasat acidic taste." [No adaptatios for wid dispersal] [Propagules water dispersed? No evidece] "It grows o rather dr to occasioall swamp locatios o various, ofte rock, gravell or loam, well draied, preferable slightl acidic soil." "Fruit: Broadl ovoid, ellipsoid to subglobular berr, 1-2 seeded, dr idehiscet 1.5-2.5 cm x 1-2 cm, base arrowed, apex poited, ellow, hard-crustaceous, smooth or slightl spi. Number of fruits per kg varies from 77 to 286." [Distributio ad fruit morpholog suggest o adaptatios for water dispersal] [Propagules bird dispersed? Yes] "Megalaima lieata" "Vegetable" Fruits (Ficus spp., Schleichera oleos, Litsea spp., ad Coffea spp. (coffee))." [Propagules bird dispersed? Presumabl Yes] "Appedix I List of species studied, occurrece, polliatio ad dispersal modes" [Schleichera oleosa - Dispersal Mode - A = Aimal] [Propagules bird dispersed? Presumabl Yes. Flesh-fruited] "Drupes ovoid, 2-2.5 x 1.5 cm, sharpl poited, sometimes spi. Seeds 1 or 2, ± ovoid or sub-globular, 1-1.5 cm log; aril flesh, pulp, earl coverig the seed, with a pleasat acidic taste." [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? No evidece] "Drupes ovoid, 2-2.5 x 1.5 cm, sharpl poited, sometimes spi. Seeds 1 or 2, ± ovoid or subglobular, 1-1.5 cm log; aril flesh, pulp, earl coverig the seed, with a pleasat acidic taste." [Ulikel. Seeds ma be carried awa b aimals, but fruits & seeds otherwise lack meas of exteral attachmet] [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Presumabl Yes] "Drupes ovoid, 2-2.5 x 1.5 cm, sharpl poited, sometimes spi. Seeds 1 or 2, ± ovoid or subglobular, 1-1.5 cm log; aril flesh, pulp, earl coverig the seed, with a pleasat acidic taste." [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Presumabl Yes] "Mokes ad birds eat the seeds, thus iterferig i their collectio for use for oil." [Probabl cosume the arils o the seed, thus removig them from the tree] [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? Ulikel, as fruits ad seeds are relativel large] "The tree produces seeds auall. Flowers appear alog with ew leaves i Februar- April at the begiig of dr seaso. Some trees produce ol male flowers. The fruits fall quickl to the groud as soo as the ripe i Jul September after the oset of rai. I Idia, a mature tree ields 21-28 kg depulped seed per ear." [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? No] "Most species have adapted to fire ad/or drought b resproutig, seed bak, ad/or seedlig bak, although the few species which occur mail i mesic evergree forests have less adapted to these eviromets." "Table 4. Summar of the characteristics of the species i relatio to the water regime ad fire" [Schleichera oleosa resprouts after fire but does ot regeerate from a seed bak] [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? Probabl No] "- Seed storage recalcitrat" [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? No] "No seed is viable at ambiet coditio for oe ear, if stored with more tha 10 % seed moisture cotet." Prit Date: 2/7/2013 Schleichera oleosa (Sapidaceae) Page 6 of 7
803 2013. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Ukow] No iformatio o herbicide efficac or chemical cotrol of this species 804 1997. Madal, L.. Nutritive values of tree leaves of some tropical species for goats. Small Rumiat Research. 24(2): 95-105. 804 2002. Marod, D./Kutitara, U./Taaka, H./Nakashizuka, T.. The effects of drought ad fire o seed ad seedlig damics i a tropical seasoal forest i Thailad. Plat Ecolog. 161: 41 57. 804 2013. World Agroforestr Cetre. Agroforestr http://www.worldagroforestrcetre.org/sea/produc ts/afdbases/af/asp/speciesifo.asp?spid=18132 [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Yes] "Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oke, is foud i the sub-himalaa tract ad ca thrive eve o lateritic ad sad soils, aturall reproducig through seeds, root suckers ad coppice." [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Yes] "Most species have adapted to fire ad/or drought b resproutig, seed bak, ad/or seedlig bak, although the few species which occur mail i mesic evergree forests have less adapted to these eviromets." "Table 4. Summar of the characteristics of the species i relatio to the water regime ad fire" [Schleichera oleosa resprouts after fire but does ot regeerate from a seed bak] [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Yes] "S. oleosa is fireresistat." 805 2013. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets)? Ukow] Prit Date: 2/7/2013 Schleichera oleosa (Sapidaceae) Page 7 of 7
Summar of Risk Traits High Risk / Udesirable Traits Naturalized i Idoesia. Escaped i Cetral America Thrives i tropical climates Grows from 0-1200 m elevatio Potetiall allelopathic Shade tolerat Able to reproduce from suckers Seeds dispersed b aimals ad people Able to coppice & resistat to fire Low Risk / Desirable Traits Despite abilit to spread, o egative impacts have bee documeted Fodder tree No-toxic Ladscapig ad orametal value Edible pulp Host for the lac isect (Laccifer lacca). Reaches maturit i 6-8 ears Will ot form a persistet seed bak Relativel large fruit & seeds ulikel to be accidetall dispersed