Vine Mealybug: Managing a Key Grape Pest Walt Bentley, Kent Danne, David Haviland, Steve Vasquez, Andrew Molinar University of California, Cooperative Extension
Mealybug Species Vine Mealybug Grape and Obscure Mealybugs Longtailed Mealybug Pink Hibiscus Mealybug Gills Mealybug
Grape mealybug Vine mealybug
Leaf Role Virus Symptoms on Red- Red leaves in fall Fruited Grapes Rolled under leaves Lack of coloring Delayed maturity Smaller clusters, lower productivity
Vine Mealybug An Invasive Exotic Pest of Grapes in California
Grape mealybug Distribution
Infested Nursery Plants
Monitoring for Mealybug
Seasonal Development of Vine Mealybug in Central San Joaquin Valley October November Crawlers on Vine, and mature Stages on root Movement to roots adults Immatures under bark December Crawlers on Vine, and mature Stages on root Crawlers on Vine, and mature Stages on root January All stages Moving up vine February September August Movement to Clusters Mixed stages throughout h t vine, male Mixed generation, possibly 4th Mixed and 3rd generation, Cluster infest, male July All Stages 2nd Generation Mature, Immatures, crawlers to males active leaf, 2nd early May generation June All Stages Male flying late May April Bloom March
Vine Root Searches 2001, Live Vine Mealybug 60 50 40 Count Crwls 30 20 10 0 7/26 7/12 6/28 6/14 5/31 5/17 5/3 4/19 4/5 3/22 3/8 2/22 2/8 1/25 1/11 12/28 12/14 11/30 11/16 11/2
Vine Mealybug Movement from Spurs 3/11-3/29 3/29 1.6 1.4 12 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Vine Mealybug/Spur 50 Degrees F 60 Degrees F 70 Degrees F
Vine Mealybug Movement from Incubation to Room Temperature 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 50 Degrees F 60 Degrees F 70 Degrees F 01 0.1 0 Vine Mealybug/Spur
Vine Mealybug, Crawlers/Spur Through h Winter 2002 25 20 Crawlers/spur 15 10 5 0 Dec. 11 Jan. 1 Jan. 18 Feb. 1 Feb. 15
Vine Mealybug on Leaves(June 20) Following Insecticide id Spray 40 35 30 25 20 15 Immatures/leaf Adults/leaf 10 5 0 Untreated Applaud 5/11 Movento 5/11
Vine Mealybug Crawler and Male Seasonal Activity i 2008 Crawler-immature/Leaf Female/ Leaf Males/trap 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 5/3 4/26 4/19 4/12 6/7 5/31 5/24 5/17 5/10 7/5 6/28 6/21 6/14
Mealybug Insecticide Trials
A listing of Contact insecticides QuickTime and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. From: Danne, Yokota, and Bentley, July 2008
Materials and Methods Uniformly infested vineyard Sanger CA Trial: 7 treatments, 5 blocks, 3 individual vine replicates/treatment 2 Pesticides: Applaud (12 oz/ac) and Lorsban (4 pts/ac) + Control 3 Applications: fall (Oct. 14, 2004), spring (Mar. 3, 2005), doubled application in both fall and spring on the same vine
Cluster Damage from VMB Damaged Clusters due to Vine Mealybug 100 a* b b b bc bc c 80 Perc cent 60 40 20 0 Control F & S Spring Fall Fall Spring F & S Applaud Applaud Applaud Lorsban Lorsban Lorsban Treatments *Fisher's protected LSD Test
Cluster Damage Severity Cluster Damage Severity due to Vine Mealybug 4.0 3.0 a** b b bc bc bc c 20 2.0 1.0 00 0.0 Control Spring Applaud *scale: 0 = no damage to 3 = total loss. F & S Applaud Fall Applaud Treatments Fall Lorsban Spring Lorsban F & S Lorsban **Fisher's s protected LSD Test
Winter Crawler location
Post Harvest (8/28/06) Insecticide Application (From Haviland and Buckey, Kern County UCCE 2008) 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 d bc bc b ab ab a cd Brigade WSB Applaud 70DF Venom 70WSG Assail 30SG Lorsban 4E Sevin XLR Movento 2SC Untreated 0 VMB/3 minute search (5/20/2007) /
Applaud Timing Trial, Vine Mealybug, Thomson Seedless, 2006 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Number/10 Untreated Untreated 2 3/23/2007, 0 4/12/2007. 7.8 cm 4/21/2007, 17.8 cm 5/3/2007, 16.5 cm
Stem Cross Section
Choolgian Vine Mealybug Flood vs Drip Treatments Imidacloprid, 2002 60 59.1 50 45.8 50.6 Percent Infested flood Percent infested Drip 40 39 40.4 30 28.88 20 11.2 10 4.6 3.2 3.2 0 Control June April April/June May
Vine Mealybug Systemic Trial 2008, Treated 6/5 and Sampled 7/2 Number infested/5 Severity of Infested 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Untreated Admire Pro 14 oz Platinum 3.67 oz Venom 6 oz
Vine MB Inseason Controls, Reading 8/21, 2007 12 10 c d 8 6 4 2 b a a a Applaud 5/11 Applaud 5/11+ 6/25 Applaud 6/25 Movento 5/11 Movento 6/25 Untreated 0 Clusters Infested/10
Effects of Various Insecticides (6/30) on Vine Mealybug Infestation (7/25) 3 Control 2.5 Movento 8 oz 2 Movento 8 oz +Dyne Amic 1.5 Movento 8 oz + Pentetrator 1 Movento 8 oz + Break Thru 05 0.5 Clutch 3.75 oz 0 Clusters infested/5 sampled Assail 2 oz
Vine mealybug Biological Control
Integrating the Management Important to preserve biological control Chemical control is necessary Integration involves the product and when it is applied. Selective (harmful to target but not biocontrol) Applaud, Admire, Movento, Platinum, Oils Non Selective Assail, Lannate, Dimethoate, Diazinon, Lorsban, Sevin Timing is Selective Lorsban in Spring but not post harvest Other techniques
Seasonal Development of Vine Mealybug in Central San Joaquin Valley October November Crawlers on Vine, and mature Stages on root Movement to roots adults Immatures under bark December Crawlers on Vine, and mature Stages on root Crawlers on Vine, and mature Stages on root January All stages Moving up vine February September August Movement to Clusters Mixed stages throughout h t vine, male Mixed generation, possibly 4th Mixed and 3rd generation, Cluster infest, male July All Stages 2nd Generation Mature, Immatures, crawlers to males active leaf, 2nd early May generation June All Stages Male flying late May April Bloom March
Vine Mealybug Crawler and Male Seasonal Activity i 2008 Crawler-immature/Leaf Female/ Leaf Males/trap 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 5/3 4/26 4/19 4/12 6/7 5/31 5/24 5/17 5/10 7/5 6/28 6/21 6/14
Vine Mealybug Trapping and Mating Confusion
Isomate Mating Disruption, Vine Mealybug Seasonal Flight 80 70 Control 5cm (16g) 20 cm (64g) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 12-23- 6-18- 2-14- 28-12- 26-9- 23-7- 21-4- 18-1- 16-30- Apr Apr May May Jun Jun Jun Jul Jul Aug Aug Sep Sep Oct Oct Nov Nov Nov
Vineyard Worker Education
Spur and VMB Counts Presence of Vine Mealybug on Spur Samples 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 Jan 19 Jan 26 Feb 01 Feb 10 Feb 16 Feb 23 Mar 02 Mar 09 Mar 16 Mar 23 Mar 30 Date