Field Guide to Georgia Milkweeds

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Field Guide to Georgia Milkweeds Milkweed photographs on in this guide are courtesy of renowned nature photographers Carol and Hugh Nourse unless otherwise noted. Descriptions of the milkweed were compiled by Henning VonSchmeling, horticulturist at Chattahoochee Nature Center, Roswell, GA. www.eealliance.org/mag Georgia Plant Conservation Alliance recommendations are included. Asclepias amplexicaulis (Smith) Clasping Milkweed Plant description: 1-3 upright stems that are 40-100 cm tall. Leaves are opposite on the stem, 8-15 cm long and 4-8 cm wide. Plant has 4 to 6 pairs of leaves. Cluster of flowers on the top with rose-purple flowers. The umbel of flowers is 7 to 9 cm wide. Seed pods are upright. Bloom period: May - July Seeds: June August Clasping Milkweed Habitat: Open woods, roadsides, fields and clearings Range: Throughout Georgia, Common Asclepias cinerea (Walter) Carolina Milkweed Plant description: Single stalk that is 30-70 cm tall. The leaves are opposite on the stem, 5 to 9 cm long and just a few millimeters wide. 1 to 4 flower clusters in the top part of the stem. The flower color is lavender. The umbels are small, only 2-3.5 cm wide. Seed pods are 10-12 cm long and only 5 to 10mm wide. Bloom period: June and July Carolina Milkweed Photo by J & J Balaban USF Herbarium Slide Collection Habitat:: Savannahs, moist grasslands Range: Coastal Plain of Georgia, Common

Asclepias connivens (Baldwin) Largeflower Milkweed Plant Description: Upright stalks that are up to 95 cm tall. The leaves are opposite and sessile. The leaves are 10-12 cm long and 3-5 cm wide. Flower clusters on the top and the top five leaf axils. The flower color is greenish-yellow. The umbels of flowers are 10 to 15 cm wide, each individual flower can measure up to 3 cm. Seed pods are 10-15 cm long and 3-4 cm wide. Bloom period: June August Largeflower Milkweed Seeds: August October Habitat: Low pinelands, savannahs and margins of Cypress Swamps Photo by Shirley Denton Asclepias curassavica Mexican Milkweed, Bloodflower Plant Description: Annual, up to 100 cm tall, multiple stems. Leaves opposite, 8-10 cm long, 2-4 cm wide. Flowers are produced on the upper portion of stem, blooms continuously all summer. Umbels are small, 3-5cm wide, flowers are orange and red. Seed pods are 5-8 cm long and 1.5 cm wide. Bloom Period: May through frost Seeds: June through frost Habitat: not native to Georgia, Central and South American species Mexican Milkweed Range: This species has been linked to monarchs overwintering and breeding along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts, making them vulnerable to harsh winters, starvation and the proliferation of a protozoan parasite infection. DO NOT PLANT IN GEORGIA. Asclepias exaltata (Linnaeus) Poke Milkweed Plant Description: The single stalk is 50 to 100 cm tall. Leaves are opposite, 14 to 21 cm long and 3-11 cm wide. Flower umbels 2-4, in the upper leaf axils. Flower color is greenish-white and can be tinged with pink. The umbels are 5 to 10 cm across. Seed pod is 12-14 cm long and 1.5 to 2 cm wide. Bloom Period: June and July Poke Milkweed Habitat: Hardwood forests and forest margins Range: Northeast Georgia, higher altitude species, Common

Asclepias hirtella (Pennell) Woodson Green Milkweed Plant Description: Several stalks that are 60-70 cm tall. Leaves are opposite and very narrow and long. Leaf length is 8-15 cm and width is 10-15 mm. Flower cluster in the top of the plant only. Each cluster contains up to 50 individual flowers. Seed pods are long and skinny. Sap of this milkweed is not milky. Bloom Period: May through July Seeds: July through September Habitat:Thin Woods and open places Green Milkweed Range: In Georgia only known from Catoosa and Floyd County, Rare Asclepias humistrata (Walter) Pinewoods or Sandhill Milkweed Plant Description: Many stalks that are spreading away from crown as the grow up, 20-70 cm long. Leaves are opposite; usually the plant has 5-8 pairs. Leaves are 6-10 cm long and 4-8 cm wide. The veins of the leaves are pink to lavender. Several flower clusters on top of the stem, flower color is rose to lavender. Flower clusters 3-6 cm wide. Seed pods are 10-14 cm long and 1.5-2 cm wide. Bloom Period: May and June Seeds: June and July Pinewoods Milkweed Habitat: Sand hills and sandy pine-oak woods Range: Throughout Coastal Plain of Georgia, Common Asclepias incarnata (Linnaeus) Swamp Milkweed Plant Description: Many branching stems that are 50-150 cm tall. Leaves opposite, 6-15 cm long and 2-7 cm wide. Flower color is pink, 4-20 umbels, each umbel being 3-5 cm broad. Seed pods are 6-10 cm long and 1-1.5 cm wide. Bloom Period: July September Seeds: August October Habitat: Marshes, stream banks and moist meadows Swamp Milkweed Range: Primarily a mountain species, occasionally found in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain of Georgia, Common

Asclepias lanceolata (Walter) Fewflower Milkweed Plant Description: Single stem up to 120 cm tall. Leaves opposite, 3-6 pairs. The leaves are 7-20 cm long and only 0.5-1.5 cm wide. 2-4 flower clusters towards the top of the plant, 5-10 wide. Flower color is reddish-orange. Seed pod is 8-10 cm long and 1 cm wide. Bloom Period: June - August Habitat: Savannahs, swamps and marshes Fewflower Milkweed Range: Coastal Plain, Common Asclepias longifolia (Michaux) Longleaf Milkweed Plant Description: Single stem that is 20-70 cm tall. Many opposite, linear leaves that are 8-14 cm long and only 2-7 mm wide. Flower color is greenish white. The flower clusters are on the top of the plant and are 3-5 cm wide. Seed pod is 9-13 cm long and only 5-10 mm wide. Bloom Period: May and June Seeds: June Longleaf Milkweed Habitat: Savannahs, low pinelands and bogs Range: Coastal Plain, Uncommon Asclepias michauxii (Decaisne) Michaux s Milkweed Plant Description: Single stalk that is 10-40 cm tall. Many leaves that are primarily opposite and linear. The leaves are 5-12 cm long and 3-6 mm wide. Flower color is greenish white. The single umbel is 3-4 cm across. Seed pods are 10-15 cm long and 5-8 mm broad. Bloom Period: May Seeds: June Habitat: Savannahs and pinelands Michaux s Milkweed Range: Coastal Plain, Common

Asclepias obovata (Elliott) Pineland Milkweed Plant Description: Single stalk that is 40-70 cm tall. Leaves are opposite, 5-9 cm long and 2-3.5 cm wide. Flower color is yellow-green. 1-8 umbels arise from the leaf axils in the upper part of the plant. Umbels are 3-3.5 cm across. Seed pods are 6-8 cm long and 1-2 cm wide. Bloom Period: June September Seeds: July October Pineland Milkweed Harlen E. & Altus Aschen www.asclepias.homestead.com Habitat: Sandy pinelands Range: Coastal Plain, Unusual Asclepias pedicellata (Walter) Savannah Milkweed Plant Description: Single, un-branched stalk 10-30 cm tall. Linear leaves are opposite, 2.5-4.5 cm long and 2-7 mm wide. Flowers are greenish, sometimes cream colored. 1-3 umbels grow from the upper leaf axils; each umbel will only have 3-6 flowers. Seedpod is 12 cm long and only 5 mm wide. Bloom Period: July and August Seeds: September and October Savannah Milkweed Photo by Betty Wargo Habitat: Savannahs Range: Coastal Plain, Rare Asclepias perennis (Walter) Aquatic Milkweed Plant Description: Many un-branching stems that are 30-50 cm tall. Opposite leaves that are 6-12 cm long and 1-3 cm wide. Flowers are white. 2-4 umbels grow from the upper leaf axils and are 2-3 cm broad. The seed pods hang down and are 4-6 cm long and 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide. Bloom Period: June-August Aquatic Milkweed Harlen E. & Altus Aschen www.asclepias.homestead.com Habitat: Swamp forests Range: Coastal Plain, Unusual

Asclepias purpurascens (Linnaeus) Purple Milkweed Plant Description: Multiple stems from 50-110 cm tall. The leaves are opposite on the stem, 10-15 cm long and 6cm wide. The 1-3 umbels are on the upper portion of the stem. The umbels are large, up to 7cm wide, purple. Seed pods are downy, 10cm long and 2 cm wide. Bloom Period: June and July Habitat: Swamp forests and alluvial woods Purple Milkweed Range: Northwest Georgia, Rare Asclepias quadrifolia (Jacquin) Fourleaf Milkweed Plant Description: Solitary stems are 30-50 cm tall. The leaves appear whorled on the stem, 4-12 cm long and 2-5 cm wide. Flowers are white or pinkish. 2-4 umbels from the upper nodes of the plant, each umbel 3-5 cm broad. Upright seedpods are 8-11 cm long and 4-8 mm wide. Bloom Period: May and June Fourleaf Milkweed Daniel Reed www.2bnthewild.com Habitat: Mixed deciduous forests Range: Mountains of extreme North Georgia, Common Asclepias rubra (Linnaeus) Red Milkweed Plant Description: Stems are un-branched and 50-90 cm tall. Leaves are opposite on the stem, 9-12 cm long and 1.5-3 cm wide. Flowers are dull red to lavender. 1-4 umbels on top of the plant which are 3-5 cm across. Upright seedpods are 9-12 cm long and 1-1.5 cm wide. Bloom Period: June and July Seeds: July through September Habitat: Bogs, pocosins and savannahs Red Milkweed Range: Coastal Plain, only known from Douglas County in Georgia, possibly extirpated.

Asclepias syriaca (Linnaeus) Common Milkweed Plant Description: Single, un-branched stalk that is 50-200 cm tall. Leaves opposite on stalk, 10-25 cm long and 3-10 cm wide. Flowers white to pink. 2 to 6 umbels from the upper nodes. Each umbel is 5-10 cm broad. Seed pods are 8-12 cm long and 2.5-3.5 cm broad. Bloom Period: June through August Seeds: July through September Habitat: Meadows, fields and roadsides Common Milkweed Photo by Kevin Adams Range: Present but rare in northwest region of state Because of its aggressive nature and the threat of hybridization with our rare species, the Georgia Plant Conservation Alliance recommends not planting this species in Georgia. Asclepias tuberosa (Linnaeus) Butterfly Milkweed Plant Description: Multiple stout branching stalks that are 20-80cm tall. Hairy leaves are alternating on the stem. Leaves are 4-10 cm long and 1-2.5 cm wide. Flowers from red to yellow, mostly orange. 3-15 umbels on the sideways branching stems. The umbels are 2-5 cm broad. Seed pods are 8-15 cm long and 1-2 cm wide. Bloom Period: May through August Seeds: August through October Butterfly Milkweed Habitat: Dry fields, roadsides and margins of woods Range: Throughout Georgia, Common Asclepias variegata (Linnaeus) Redring Milkweed Plant Description: Single, un-branching stalks are 20-100 cm tall. Leaves are opposite on the stems and are 5-14 cm long and 3-7 cm wide. Flowers are white. Umbels 1-4 from the upper nodes of leaves. Each umbel is 3-6 cm broad. Seed pods are 10-14 cm long and 1.5 to 2 cm wide. Bloom Period: May and June Seeds: July through September Habitat: Open woods and woodland margins Redring Milkweed Range: Throughout Georgia, More Common in the North, Common

Asclepias verticillata (Linnaeus) Whorled Milkweed Plant Description: Stems are 30-80 cm tall, arising from runners. Sometimes branched for the upper third of the plant. Leaves are whorled on the stem, 3-7 cm long and only 1-2 mm wide. Flowers are greenish-white. 2-8 umbels in the upper part of the plant, each umbel is 2-5 cm wide. Seed pods are 4-8cm long and 4-6 mm wide. Bloom Period: June through September Seeds: September and October Whorled Milkweed Daniel Reed www.2bnthewild.com Habitat: Dry open woods, Sandhills, rocky slopes and roadsides Range: Mountains and Piedmont of Georgia, Common Asclepias viridiflora (Rafinesque) Green Comet Milkweed Plant Description: Single stems are 20-80 cm tall. Leaves are opposite and extremely variable. They are 3-10 cm long and 1.5-4.5 cm wide. Flowers are green. Umbels 1-6 from the upper nodes. Each umbel is 2.5-3.5 cm across. Seed pods 9-13 cm long and 1-2 cm wide. Bloom Period: June through August Habitat: Fields, roadsides and waste ground Green Comet Milkweed Range: Piedmont, Unusual Asclepias viridis (Walter) Green Antelopehorn Plant Description: Stems un-branched, up to 95 cm tall. Leaves are opposite, 8-12 cm long and 4-6 cm wide. Flowers are green. Umbels 1-5 from the upper nodes. Umbels 4-6 cm broad. Seed pods are 10-12 cm long and 1-3 cm wide. Bloom Period: June through August Seeds: August through October Habitat: Dry pinelands, cedar glades and prairies Green Antelopehorn Range: Coastal Plain and extreme NW Georgia, Rare

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