Colonial Encounters Europeans Colonize the Americas
Learning Objectives 1. Summarize the characteristics of the colonies of New Spain, New France, New Netherland, and Virginia. 2. Compare and contrast the goals and approaches of the French, Spanish, Dutch, and English in their dealings with the Indian tribes they encountered.
TABLE OF CONTENTS New Spain New France New Netherland Virginia
Map by Pinpin
New Spain Photo by foroyar22
Map by Pinpin
The Reconquista c. 900-1492 Spanish Christians reconquered Muslimheld Spain. Animated Map of the Reconquista
Ferdinand & Isabella The Catholic Monarchs God Glory & Gold
Conquistadors
Aztec Empire
Model of Tenochtitlan (Aztec Capital) Photo by Xuan Che
Spanish Conquistador King of the Aztecs
Map by Giggette
Caste System of New Spain Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Full-blooded Spanish Full-blooded Spanish Mixed Ancestry Born in Spain Born in Colonies Born in Colonies
Encomienda Forced Labor & Tribute Although harsh, the encomienda system was similar to pre-existing systems in Aztec and Inca empires.
Bartolomé de las Casas Dominican Priest Complained of abuses in the Spanish encomienda system
ABOLISHED The New Laws of 1542 limited the power of encomenderos.
The Black Legend
Spanish Missions Photo by Robert A. Estremo
GOAL: Assimilation Learn Spanish Convert to Christianity Pay Taxes
Spanish Missions in California Many of the major cities in California were originally founded as missions. Map Credit: PhilFree
Mission San Juan Capistrano (California) Photo by Robert A. Estremo
Mission Map San Juan Capistrano (California)
Lead me, Follow me, or get out of my way!
Graphic Organizer Spanish Colonization of the Americas REGION(S) COLONIZED RELIGION INTERESTED PARTIES PRIMARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY SETTLEMENTS NUMBER OF COLONISTS EVANGELISM? ADVICE TO THE NATIVES SPANISH Mexico, California, Southwest US, Florida Catholic 1. Conquistadors 2. Priests Conquest Labor (Encomienda) Missions FEW YES FOLLOW ME!
Territorial Claims Map by Pinpin
The Fur Trade Photo by Alex "Skud" Bayley
Fur Traders Descending the Missouri George Caleb Bingham (1845)
Fur Traders Descending the Missouri George Caleb Bingham (1845)
Fur Traders Descending the Missouri George Caleb Bingham (1845) French Trader, Half-Breed Son (Original Title)
Territorial Claims Map by Pinpin
Areas of Settlement Map by Magicpiano
FEW COLONISTS Map by Magicpiano
Fort Detroit Depiction of the 1763 Siege of Fort Detroit by Frederic Remington
Allies
Father Marquette and the Indians Wilhelm Lamprecht (1838-1906)
Lead me, Follow me, or get out of my way!
REGION(S) COLONIZED RELIGION INTERESTED PARTIES PRIMARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY SETTLEMENTS NUMBER OF COLONISTS EVANGELISM? ADVICE TO THE NATIVES SPANISH Mexico, California, Southwest US, Florida Catholic 1. Conquistadors 2. Priests Conquest Labor (Encomienda) Missions FEW YES FOLLOW ME! FRENCH Canada, Mississippi R. Louisiana Catholic 1. Fur Traders 2. Priests Fur Trade Trading Posts FEW YES LEAD ME!
Photo by S Sepp
Commercial Empire
New Amsterdam (NYC)
The Fur Trade Photo by Alex "Skud" Bayley
Peter Stuyvesant Director-General of New Netherland 1647-1664
PEG LEG Photo by Alexisrael
Wall Street
Map by R. A. Nonenmacher
Longhouse Photo by Perry Quan
Agriculture & Gender What does this magazine cover suggest about traditional European gender roles? [Please disregard the National Socialist propaganda element. This is the best picture I could find of a woman plowing.]
Lead me, Follow me, or get out of my way!
The Dutch Wedge Dutch claims in New Netherland split English claims along the Atlantic Coast. 1664 English take control of New York
European Motivations for Colonization REGION(S) COLONIZED SPANISH FRENCH DUTCH Mexico, California, Southwest US, Florida Canada, Mississippi River, Louisiana RELIGION Catholic Catholic New Netherland (New York) Protestant INTERESTED PARTIES 1. Conquistadors 2. Priests 1. Fur Traders 2. Priests 1. Fur Traders 2. Settlers PRIMARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY Conquest (Encomienda) Fur Trade Fur Trade & Farming SETTLEMENTS Missions Trading Posts NUMBER OF COLONISTS FEW FEW EVANGELISM? YES YES ADVICE TO THE NATIVES FOLLOW ME! LEAD ME! Trading Posts & Towns SOME NO LEAD ME!
Virginia Colony
St. Augustine, Florida (New Spain, 1565) First Permanent Settlement in U.S. Photo Credit: http://www.city-data.com/picfilesc/picc45407.php
The Virginia Colony Named for Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen Sir Walter Raleigh Lost Colony at Roanoke Insufficient Funds Abandoned for three years due to war with Spanish Sir Walter Raleigh
Spanish Armada Defeated 1588 Philip II of Spain tries to conquer England EPIC FAIL Picture Credit: http://ewatchman.com/home/2009/10/28/thespanish-armada-or-world-war-three.html England can now focus on starting a permanent settlement in America.
Three Types of Colonies Joint-stock (Corporate) A corporation raises capital for settlement Royal The Crown administers directly Proprietary Administered by proprietor(s)
Jamestown Settlement (Virginia, 1607) First Permanent ENGLISH Settlement in U.S. Virginia Company Named for King James I Captain John Smith
Starving Time Winter 1609 1610 All but 60 of 500 original colonists died. See Document 1.2 for a description of the starving time in the Jamestown settlement.
John Rolfe and Brown Gold
A labor-intensive crop Indentured Servants Slave Labor
English Settlements in Virginia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cicely_%22reynolds%22_bailey_j ordan_farrar
REGION(S) COLONIZED European Motivations for Colonization SPANISH FRENCH DUTCH ENGLISH Mexico, California, Southwest US, Florida Canada, Mississippi River, Louisiana New Netherland (New York) RELIGION Catholic Catholic Protestant INTERESTED PARTIES PRIMARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 1. Conquistadors 2. Priests Conquest (Encomienda) 1. Fur Traders 2. Priests Fur Trade SETTLEMENTS Missions Trading Posts NUMBER OF COLONISTS 1. Fur Traders 2. Settlers Fur Trade Trading Posts / Towns FEW FEW SOME Atlantic Coast, Canada Protestant 1. Farmers 2. Religious Dissidents Agriculture Towns / Plantations MANY EVANGELISM? YES YES NO NO ADVICE TO THE NATIVES FOLLOW ME! LEAD ME! LEAD ME! GOoMW!
347 English Settlers Killed List of the Dead
1625 Virginia Company charter revoked. ROYAL COLONY