Malting Barley Development at OSU Scott Fisk Cascadia Grains Conference January 12, 2013
The ancestral state World s oldest crop Native to Middle East Ancestral form is winter habit 2- row hulled
2-row vs. 6-row 1 gene/30,000 genes
Growth Habit Traits Winter Spring - Faculta2ve Low temperature tolerance: LTT Capacity to survive low temperatures while in a vegetative state Vernalization sensitivity: VRN. Requires cold units to transition from a vegetative to a reproductive state Photoperiod sensitivity: PPD. Will not transition from a vegetative to a reproductive state under short days
Uses: Feed, food, and malt
Most barley grown in the world today is 2-row, spring habit, and for malt
Focus on fall-sown barley WHY? Productivity - 20% yield advantage EfRicient use of resources - less or no irrigation Diversity - erosion control/ double crop
Facultative growth habit is the best of all worlds Wider adaptation Production Rlexibility Accelerated breeding
Facultative varieties: plant any time Late winter/early spring (~ February) seeding of winter, facultative, or spring varieties is an option for some growers Spring breeding nursery (foreground) and winter breeding nursery (background). Hyslop Farm. Lewisburg, OR 2010
Malt vs. Feed A rule of thumb is that good malt barley is good feed barley, but not the reverse. Usually malt barley commands a price premium over feed barley, but malt varieties usually yield less.
Malt Buyer Variety Protein Skinned/Broken Plumpness Grower Price Yield Agronomics
Malting varieties must meet speciric quality criteria for malting and brewing The maltster and brewer will specify which variety(ies) will be contracted
Malting barley variety development Grain to Glass 11 13 years Time frame (yrs) Activity Amount of seed required for one malting quality assessment Amounts of seed available and scale 2-3 Breeding and selection; initial agronomic assessment Segregating generations Doubled haploid populations 0 0g 1 kg for breeding program 3-4 Preliminary to advanced agronomic testing and micro-malting of samples from multiple environments 200 grams 1 kg 20 kg for breeding and extension programs 3 AMBA Pilot Scale Test must be rated satisfactory in 2/3 years of testing 7 kilograms/ location 2 locations 20 kg 100 kg for breeding and extension programs. Initiate largescale increase of pure seed for commercial scale quality assessment and variety release 3 AMBA Plant Scale malting and brewing trials must be rated satisfactory in 3/3 brewing trials 800 metric tons Large volumes for onfarm testing and commercial scale malting and brewing
All within a six-row framework Industry support for malting barley development: The foundation of the OSU program a practical justirication for fundamental research
The way it was 6- row (North America): vs. 2- row (the world)
Shifting from 6 row to 2 row Via Doubled Haploid Production
Accelerated generation time Barley is self- pollinated Cross (F1) to F5 (yield trial) Worst case = 1 generation: 1 year Better case = greenhouse, southern hemisphere Best case = doubled haploids
Past Maja Culmination of 25 years of breeding facultative*/winter 6-row malting barley. Generous $ from AMBA, BARI, GW; OR, ID barley farmers. Periodic Federal grants. Forays into the basic genetics of low temperature tolerance, growth habit, disease resistance, and malting quality. ~ 100+ publications.
Maja: A 6- row too plump? Spring- planted Maja, Brownsville, OR. May, 2012 92% plump; 12.4% protein; 4800 lbs/acre.
The numbers Maja (US FAC 6) vs. Wintmalt (DE WIN 2). GWM commercial malts. 2011 crop. Commercial scale agronomic and malting quality data for the varieties Maja and Wintmalt, 2011 crop. Malting data courtesy of Great Western Malting, Vancouver, WA (USA) Variety Row type Growth Breeder Production site Grain yield Kernel plumpness habit (lbs/acre) (% on 6/64) Maja 6 Facultative OSU Burley, Idaho 9,500 80 Wintmalt 2 Winter KWS Pasco, Washington 8,942 93 Variety Friability Malt Diastatic Alpha Wort Soluble/ Viscosity FAN Wort Turbidity (%) extract power amylase protein Total protein (cp/cs) (mg/l) Beta (NTU) (%) (0ASBC) (200DU) (%) (%) glucan (ppm) Maja 95 81.0 151 64.1 10.9 46.8 1.48 232 32 34.5 Wintmalt 93 82.6 125 50.3 10.4 44.2 1.54 183 81 17.2
Present
Full Pint It is a spring two- row, semi- dwarf barley Commercial germplasm Open Seed Source Initiative
FULL PINT Resistant to the 7 plagues (except mildew) 6,000 lbs/acre, Sayer Farm, Brownsville, OR 2012 harvest 4,600 lbs/acre average 5 trials Skagit Valley, 2012. Epiheterodendrin (EPH) nonproducer Commercial malting and distilling trials en route LocaBon/Year Lewis Brown Farm 2012 Harvest Sayer Farm 2011 Harvest on Malt Barley Alpha- Beta- 6/64" Extract Protein S/T DP amylase glucan FAN (%) (%) (%) (%) ( ASBC) (20 DU) (ppm) (ppm) 94.4 81.1 9.9 48.4 106 94.8 141 180 95.3 81.4 11.4 44.9 158 109.7 97 211
Future Doubled haploid genomic selection Golden Promise x Full Pint = Oregon Promise Maris Otter x Full Pint = Multnomah Beaver Violetta x Full Pint =?????????
Malting Barley of the (near) Future On Malt Barley Alpha- Beta- 6/64" Extract Protein S/T DP amylase glucan FAN Variety or SelecBon Rowed (%) (%) (%) (%) ( ASBC) (20 DU) (ppm) (ppm) 10.0856 - Wintmalt/Charles 2 98.0 84.0 9.9 54.1 150 82.6 38 225 10.0844 - Wintmalt/Bari 2B08-3149 2 95.2 83.8 9.3 59.2 113 93.7 55 282 10.0627 - Wintmalt/Bari 2B08-3145 2 92.6 82.6 9.7 58.2 117 108.6 39 288 Viole\a 2 99.1 80.9 11.6 43.4 202 54.9 149 187 Charles 2 *80.8 76.6 12.8 43.4 173 98.2 291 252
Barley Contributions to Beer Flavor USDA Small Grains Germplasm Collection World Core Set for Barley - 2062 Spring- habit accessions: land races and cultivars - Genotyped with the Illumina 9K chip
European 2- Row Asian 6- Row
Barley Production The Beer Making Process Malting (and Roasting) Intensive barley breeding for speciric beer styles = loss of positive beer Rlavors? Brewing
2012 Corvallis 2012 Harvest 2013 Wort Sensory Analyses at Sierra Nevada & Wort Chemical Analyses at Rahr- GWAS? 2014 Nanobrewing at New Glarus Plant selected 40 Accessions at Three Loca2ons Beer Sensory Analysis Malt 114 Samples from World Core at Rahr Malt Samples Begin Full Scale Project?
On the Horizon Currently developing colored food barley varieties adapted to the PaciRic Northwest. Moving that into malting barley development
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