HSC Geography Year 2016 Mark 93.00 Pages 30 Published Feb 7, 2017 Geography Notes By Annabelle (97.35 ATAR)
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Your notes author, Annabelle. Annabelle achieved an ATAR of 97.35 in 2016 while attending Loreto Kirribilli Currently studying Bachelor of Commerce Liberal Studies at The University of Sydney Achievements: Premiers award for Distinguished Achievers Award for Achievement in General Mathematics 2016 Award for Achievement in English Advanced 2015 Award for Achievement in Business Studies 2016 Award for Achievement in Geography 2016 Award for Achievement in Legal Studies 2016 Annabelle says: Dedicated and enthusiastic individual with exemplary attention to detail. I received an ATAR of 97.35 in 2016 and studied Legal studies, Advanced English, Business Studies, Geography, Studies of Religion 1U and General Maths. I provide comprehensive, colour coordinated notes and example essays/short answers that are made to fulfil exam requirements at band 6 level.
Geography Notes People and Economic Activity Viticulture Viticulture- cultivation and harvesting of grapes especially for use in production of wine Terroir- the character of the wine. Combination of soil and climate (and microclimate) can determine this Agrochemicals- chemicals used in agriculture to destroy insects fungi, weeds etc. Appellation- Wine classification system based on geographic location Wine Making- production of wine via the crushing and fermentation of grapes Micro Climate- the climate within a small, defined area (possibly different from the area directly surrounding this area) that can dramatically affect the character of the wine produced there. Estate Wine- those associated with a specific piece of land e.g. a specific Vineyard. Usually family owned and sold from cellar door Branded Wine- don t originate from specific location but are "branded" by a name or make. Typically made from brought in grapes or grapes from several sources. As a primary activity (agriculture), viticulture has been practical for thousands of years. Theses agricultural activities shifted from the old work to the new world. Viticulture is found between 30 degrees NS and 50 degrees NS latitude. The temp zone is on the Mediterranean Climate. - Describe the nature, spatial patterns and future directions of ONE economic activity in a global context. Nature Dates back to 600BC France Wine Production increases at approximately 10% per year and worth over $213b as a global industry Almost 70% of wine is now exported Wine production is highly competitive, specialised and technologically and capital intensive. Has a strong history base and globalisation has changed the nature. Changes occur in following areas 1. Viticulture 2. Types of Grapes- quality of grapes essential to success of wines. Most common grapes is Vitsi Vinifera 3. Winemaking- Ole and New World 4. Selling 5. Consumption Spatial Patterns Size/ Ownership Climate Production OLD WORLD (France, Italy, Germany, Spain) Dominantly small, family owned, less than 50ha; few large companies France, Germany and Italy dominate Mediterranean to mild, temperate, cool moist winters, hot, warm, dry summers -little use of mechanisation -reliance on enterrior without irrigation - fermentation in traditional ways oak casks, no additives, cork, named via geographic region -dominantly quality red and fortified wines NEW WORLD (Australia, USA, Chile, South Africa) Mainly company owned, average 200-500 ha, some small enterprise, USA, Chile, Australia dominate Variety from low rainfall (Chile) to cool, temperate (NZ), hot, dry (California) and hot, wet (Darling Downs) -implementation of technology in growing and processing -mechanical harvesters, irrigation, genetic modification -fermentation in oak or stainless steel vats -additives (egg whites, sulphur, oak chips)
Geography Notes -nations specialise in varietal wines e.g. Port from Portugal, Rosé from Spain -cork, plastic and screw tops -labelling dictated by old world laws Future Directions Challenge Description Automatism - Automation is increasing - Highly skilled workforce Consumption - Old world countries have reduced consumption of wine but are consuming better quality at higher prices - In Australia, wine consumption is increasing - China is steadily increasing Wine consumption, particularly red Ecological - Moving to organic Vineyards - Reducing land impacts through: site selection, responsible water use, land planning schemes, sustainable methods of pest control Productivity - There is a short term global wine glut - Technological - Increasing use of internet expands sales - Biotechnology used- genetic engineering helps new world wines to adapt to variety of climates Trade - World trade expected to continue growing and become more competitive - New market is Asia Future challenged facing the global viticulture and winemaking industry Tensions between traditional techniques and new 'industrial' processes Changes in the patterns of production and consumption: a decline in consumption, new emerging markets in Asia, Increased competition from New World 'branded' wines Changes in consumer tastes and preferences, especially among the young Comp from other alcoholic beverages Process of globalisation Changes in marketing and retailing Minimising environmental impacts of grape growing Potential disruptive impacts of climate change Factors Effecting Nature, spatial distribution and future direction of global economic activity Factor Nature Spatial Distribution Biophysical Primarily agricultural Temp 30-50 degrees north and south Idea 19 white, 21 red Mediterranean climate As temp cant be controlled by technologies makes spatial Old world wines determined by region patterns and location vital. Some grape varieties like cooler climates. New word is not demined by grape type Rainfall rather then region. Approx. 700ml per year Can be supplemented using irrigation Old world prevents irrigation because of D appellation. Topography Many vineyards located on undulling to sleepily sloping lands. Planted on contour banks to prevent erosion and allow intake of water from rainfall Aspect of slope effects sunlights and can provide wind shelter to
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Geography Notes protect. Elevation effects vineyards, every 1000m, 1 degree temp drop. Microclimates create distinctions in wines and variation. Soil Soil must be well drained and fertile. Often most fertile is volcanic soils. Depth of soil assist with development of vines roots systems (deeper soil structure reserves water for bulk production, shallower produces better quality)