FIELD PEAS IN LIVESTOCK DIETS Karla Jenkins Cow/calf range management specialist, Panhandle Research and Extension Center
Nutritional Content of Field Peas for Beef Cattle Crude protein can be variable but generally has been around 22-26% CP About 80% of that crude protein is degradable intake protein Starch content is about 34% vs. 73 in corn Palatability is very good in field peas
Field Peas for Finishing Cattle Treatment (Peas, % DM basis) P-value Item 0 10 20 30 L Q Initial BW, lb 904 893 895 906 0.05 0.40 Final BW, lb 1399 1434 1410 1448 0.68 0.27 ADG, lb/d 4.18 4.55 4.31 4.53 0.97 0.33 DMI, lb/d 27.1 27.5 26.8 26.9 0.16 0.85 F:G 6.48 6.01 6.22 5.94 0.52 0.40 NEm Mcal/lb 0.86 0.90 0.89 0.93 0.29 0.39 Neg Mcal/lb 0.57 0.60 0.59 0.62 0.33 0.42
Sensorial Attributes and WBSF of Muscle from Steers Fed Field Peas Pea inclusion, DM basis P-value Item 0% 10% 20% 30% SE Linear Quad Overall like 6.32 6.47 6.34 6.66 0.10 0.02 0.01 Tenderness 5.99 6.26 6.09 6.45 0.14 0.002 0.06 WB shear force, kg 3.95 3.87 3.65 3.61 0.12 0.02 0.86 Juiciness 5.73 5.78 5.72 6.02 0.14 0.67 0.64 Flavor 6.39 6.45 6.36 6.63 0.09 0.23 0.12 Overall like (1-dislike extremely, 9-like extremely), Tenderness (1- extremely tough, 9- extremely tender), Juiciness (1-extremely dry, 9- extremely juicy) Flavor (1 dislike extremely, 9 like extremely)
Field Peas for Finishing Cattle Field peas replaced dry rolled corn up to 30% of the DM without impacts on performance Including field peas in the finishing diet improved tenderness
Field Peas and WDGS in Finishing Diets 0 Peas 20 Peas P-values Item 0 WDGS 30 WDGS 0 WDGS 30 WDGS SEM Peas WDGS Peas x WDGS Final BW, lb 1397 1489 1390 1478 18 0.32 <0.01 0.83 DMI, lb/d 24.9 b 25.5 b,c 23.5 a 26.2 c 0.7 0.30 <0.01 <0.01 ADG, lb/d 4.11 4.73 4.07 4.66 0.11 0.33 <0.01 0.82 G:F 0.165 a 0.185 c 0.172 b 0.177 b,c 0.002 0.96 <0.01 <0.01 F:G 6.06 5.39 5.77 5.62
Carcass Characteristics 0 Peas 20 Peas P-values Item 0 WDGS 30 WDGS 0 WDGS 30 WDGS SEM Peas WDGS Peas x WDGS HCW, lb 881 940 877 933 5.1 0.33 <0.01 0.80 LM area, in 2 13.2 13.3 13.2 13.1 0.76 0.37 0.99 0.66 12 th rib fat, in 0.60 0.65 0.60 0.67 0.01 0.40 <0.01 0.25 Calc. YG 3.54 3.86 3.51 3.95 0.049 0.54 <0.01 0.24 Marbling 1 595 a 576 a,b 563 b 588 a 8.7 0.30 0.72 0.01 1 Marbling Score: 500 = Small, 600 = Modest
Field Peas and WDGS in Finishing Diets Field peas G:F 4% WDGS improvement in G:F relative to corn: 40% without peas, 24% with peas Acceptable performance when field peas and WDGS replace 50% corn
Field Peas as a Binder for DDGS Cubes Heifers fed.6 lb dm protein/hd/d 2.3 lb as is DDG 3.5 lb as is cubes Steers fed.6 lb dm protein/hd/d 2.3 lb as is DDG 2.7 lb as is cubes Rotated through pastures every 2 wks
Field Peas and Dried Distillers Grains DDG ground DDG bunk DDG/pea cube on ground SE Initial weight, 735 737 732 24 lb Final weight, lb 879 a 901 b 899 b 24 Daily gain, lb 1.34 a 1.54 b 1.56 b 0.15 Values with differing superscripts differ P < 0.01
Evaluation of Field Peas for Beef Cattle Field peas have about 30% less starch than corn Starch has negative associative effects on fiber digestion The DIP (Degradable Intake Protein) is 75-80% of the CP This aids fiber digestion
Evaluation of Field Peas for Beef Cattle Study objectives: 1) evaluate field peas as a supplement for grazing cattle relative to corn 2) investigate an interaction between the use of field peas as a grazed supplement and as a corn replacement in finishing diets,
Evaluation of Field Peas for Beef Cattle 3) determine if field peas can improve tenderness by supplementation in the growing phase 4) to evaluate the impact of field peas on digestibility of low and high quality forage as well as better quantify the degradable intake protein content of field peas.
Evaluation of Field Peas for Beef Cattle 2 year study, 3 x 2 factorial design Pasture treatments: No supplement Corn (with urea and solubles) (0.05% BW) Peas (0.05% BW) Feedlot: Dry rolled corn based diet No peas 20% DM as peas
Effect of corn or pea Supplement on growing Calf performance YR. 1 & 2 P- value Control 1 Corn Peas SED Trt Year Trt*Year Initial BW, lb 656 654 654 3 0.84 0.10 0.91 Ending BW, lb 835 c 910 a 879 b 9.5 <0.01 0.14 0.62 ADG, lb/d 1.36 c 1.95 a 1.72 b 0.08 <0.01 0.14 0.34 abc Within a row, means without a common superscript differ. 1 Treatments: Cattle grazed 117 days (2014) or 142 days (2015) either without supplement or supplemented at 0.5% of body weight with either dry rolled corn ( and solubles) or field peas.
Effect of field peas on performance in finishing diets: YR 1 Finishing No Peas Peas P-value Trt 1 Growing Trt 2 Control Corn Peas Control Corn Peas Growing Finishing Intera ction Initial BW, 899 cd 984 a 926 c 872 d 951 b 949 b <0.001 0.128 0.058 lb Final BW, lb 3 1428 1460 1417 1402 1422 1411 0.458 0.266 0.791 ADG, lb 4.25 a 3.69 b 4.03 b 4.21 a 3.87 b 3.57 b 0.036 0.342 0.141 DMI, lb 32.2 31.3 30.6 31.7 31.3 31.5 0.367 0.805 0.553 G:F, lb:lb 0.131 a 0.120 b 0.131 a 0.136 a 0.123 b 0.116 b 0.027 0.339 0.057 abcd Within a row, means without a common superscript differ. 1 Finishing Treatment: Cattle with peas in the diet had 20% of the dry matter of the diet as peas (by displacing dry rolled corn). The No Peas diet still included that 20% as dry rolled corn. 2 Growing Treatment: Cattle were grazed for 117 days either without supplement or supplemented at 0.5% of body weight with either dry rolled corn or field peas depending on assigned treatment. 3 Final BW: Calculated as HCW 0.63 4 Marbling: 400 = Slight 00 : 500 = Small 00 5 Calculated Yield Grade: 2.50 + (2.5 12 th Rib Fat, in.) (0.32 REA, in 2 ) + (0.2 2.5) + (0.0038 HCW, lb)
Effect of field peas on performance in finishing diets: YR 1 Carcass Performance Finish Trt No peas Peas P values Growing Trt Control Corn Peas Control Corn Peas Grow Finish Interact HCW, lb 900 920 893 883 896 889 0.459 0.268 0.798 12 th Rib 0.151 0.834 0.630 Fat, in. 0.50 0.51 0.57 0.53 0.50 0.54 Ribeye 13.9 14.1 13.7 13.2 13.9 13.3 0.422 0.240 0.832 Area, in 2 Marbling 492 482 499 497 497 482 0.977 0.959 0.843 4 Calculate d YG 5 3.23 3.29 3.41 3.44 3.16 3.53 0.415 0.635 0.589 abcd Within a row, means without a common superscript differ. 1 Finishing Treatment: Cattle with peas in the diet had 20% of the dry matter of the diet as peas (by displacing dry rolled corn). The No Peas diet still included that 20% as dry rolled corn. 2 Growing Treatment: Cattle were grazed for 117 days either without supplement or supplemented at 0.5% of body weight with either dry rolled corn or field peas depending on assigned treatment. 3 Final BW: Calculated as HCW 0.63 4 Marbling: 400 = Slight 00 : 500 = Small 00 5 Calculated Yield Grade: 2.50 + (2.5 12 th Rib Fat, in.) (0.32 REA, in 2 ) + (0.2 2.5) + (0.0038 HCW, lb)
New Plans Two levels of DDGS (0.4 and 0.8% BW) Two levels of peas Determine feeding value of peas relative to DDGS
kjenkins2@unl.edu 308 632-1245