Sophorolipids A new class of Surfactants SEPAWA Nordic 2015 May 5 th Oliver Kaumanns
Introduction to sophorolipids Chemical characteristica Foam test set up Area of applications & results Pure sophorolipid Sophorolipid in formulation ADW (foam and grease removal) HSD Laundry Your take home messages Your questions Page 2
What are sophorolipids? An introduction
Sustainability A pillar of Evonik s strategy Our economic practices and our products are always in accordance with our responsibility for future generations. Focus on the use phase of our products Energy and water savings Waste reduction Renewable resources and recycling Affordable biosurfactants Special branding Page 4
Evonik s Competitive Advantage Biosurfactants Decades of experience with industrial fermentation processes Leading supplier of biotechnologically produced feed amino acids > 300 MEUR turnover with biotechnologically produced products Science to Business center (S2B Bio) dedicated to biotechnology in Evonik s Strategic Innovation Unit Creavis Portfolio of fermentation derived ingredients for cosmetic applications Global production through fermentation network Page 5
Biosurfactants Surfactants produced by microorganisms Feedstock Isolation Bacteria/Yeast Fermentation (Raw) product(s) Biosurfactants have a number of advantages: Unique and sophisticated structures/properties Produced from renewable resources Extremely good skin compatibility Non-toxic and highly biodegradable Page 6
Sophorolipid s general fermentation pathway + Fermentation with Candida Bombicola Sophorolipid (mainly lactonic form) Page 7
Hydrolytic cleavage of the sophorolipid lactone Hydrolysis Lactone Form Hardly water soluble Low foaming Acid Form Highly water soluble High(er) foaming Page 8
Composition and properties of Sophorolipds Sophorolipid is typically a complex mixture of at least two glycolipids made by partial hydrolysis of the water insoluble sophorolipid lactone form : Complex mixture with C 16 -C 18 saturated or (poly)unsaturated carbon chain with 0-2 acetyl group Properties depend strongly (but not only) on ratio of lactone to acid form The one and only sophorolipid does not exist Page 9
A typical composition of a sophorolipid produced by Evonik Properties Appearance Dry matter (DM) Active SL Values brownish, aqueous liquid 40 45 w.-% > 90% of DM Other: ~5 w.-% Lactone : Acid ratio 40 : 60 Free fatty acid < 0.2 w.-% ph 5-6 Lactone: 36 w.-% Total Lac.: 39% Viscosity Density 100 150 mpas 1.00 1.10 g/ml Acid: 59 w.-% Biodegradability Complete (100%) (Values based on dry matter) Page 10
Unique Performance Sophorolipids Evonik s Sophorolipid exhibits superior performance versus other commercially available sophorolipids Readily biodegradable and produced from renewable feedstock Excellent water-hardness tolerance Superior mildness compared to conventional surfactants Synergistic effect with other surfactants Foaming properties can be altered for each application Excellent grease and oil removal Page 11
Results
Areas of application & test results Manual Dish Wash Hard Surface Cleaning Laundry Page 13
Foam evolution of pure sophorolipids A comparison Page 14
Foaming of hand dish wash (HDW) liquids is highly consumer relevant: Consumer perception The longer the foam lasts the better the performance Requirements Sufficient foam during foam creation (clean conditions) Persistent foam during cleaning process (dirty conditions) Page 15
Foam volume [ml] Foaming of pure sophorolipid (SL) without dirt load 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 sec 30 sec 60 sec 90 sec 0 Evonik SL Market SL Evonik SL superior to market sophorolipid regarding flash foam and foam stabiltiy Conditions: ph = 7, c = 0.2 g/l, T = 40 C Page 16
SL composition varies depending on educts and production process Evonik SL Market SL Other: 7 w.-% Other: 5.-w% Lactone: 20 w.-% Lactone: 26 w.-% Acid: 19 w.-% Acid: 67 w.-% Ester: 56 w.-% Compositions based on dry matter Page 17
Free fatty acid and ratio lactone/oleic acid influences the foaming behavior Evonik SL Market SL Ratio Lactone/Acid (rel.-%) 30:70 80/20 (*) Free oleic acid (w.-%) 0.2 2.5 Ratio Lactone/free oleic acid (based on absolute w.-%) 60 16 (*) Methyl ester and lactone summarized as lactone Page 18
foam volume [ml] Free fatty acid and ratio lactone/oleic acid influence the foaming behavior Market SL 300 SL acid Evonik Sophorolipid R&D SL 250 200 150 100 50 t = 0 sec t = 30 sec t = 60 sec t = 90 sec 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 lactone : oleic acid Evonik SL shows significantly higher foaming power than market SL The foaming behavior can be influenced by controlling residual fatty acid content The higher the excess of lactone the better foaming Page 19
Foam evolution of sophorolipids in formulation
Areas of application & test results Manual Dish Wash Hard Surface Cleaning Laundry Page 21
Hand dish wash liquids in Europe comprise SLES and AO/APG/betaine Primary surfactant: Sodium laurylether sulfate (SLES) ~ 10 30 w.-% Secondary surfactant: Amineoxide Alkylpolyglycosides (APG) Cocoamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) ~ 1 5 w.-% Objective Higher formulation efficiency replacing betaine (NBA) by Evonik SL Page 22
Our target is to show higher efficiency replacing betaine by sophorolipids Studies based on formulations with SLES as primary surfactant Secondary surfactant: CAPB and/or sophorolipid Relative ratio of primary and secondary surfactants 70:30 Page 23
Foam volume [ml] Foaming performance in ternary mixtures SLES/CAPB/SL (70/X/Y) Y = 15% superior 1200 1100 + 12% without dirt 1000 900 Foam after 30 sec Foam after 90 sec 800 700 0,0 7,5 15,0 22,5 30,0 rel. percentage Y of sophorolipid Conditions: ph not adjusted, used as is, 0.2 g/l active material Page 24
Foam volume [ml] Evonik SL containing formulations outperform market SL 1200 30 sec 1200 90 sec 1000 1000 800 800 600 600 400 400 200 200 0 w/o olive oil low fat high fat 0 w/o olive oil low fat high fat Evonik SL Market SL Evonik SL Market SL Conditions: ph not adjusted, used as is, 0.2 g/l active material Page 25
Foam volume [ml] Evonik SL containing formulations outperform market SL 1200 30 sec 1000 800 600 400 200 Evonik SL allows for up to 30 % higher foam evolution by replacing (relative) 50% betaine Evonik SL is superior to competitor sophorolipid in formulation without dirt, on olive oil and high fat soil 0 w/o olive oil low fat high fat Conditions: ph not adjusted, used as is, 0.2 g/l active material Page 26
Grease removal
Grease removal efficacy improved over commercially available HDW Market HDW (CAPB containing) SLES-CAPB 70:30 SLES-SL (L30/A70) 70:30 SLES-CAPB-SL (L30/A70) 70:15:15 + 28% + 28% SLES-CAPB-SL (Market SL) - 60% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 grease removal efficiency [%] Up to 30 % grease removal improvement replacing 50% betaine by Evonik SL Conditions: 40 C, ph not adjusted, internal method Page 28
Efficient hand dish wash liquid formulation with Sophorolipid Hand Dish Wash Liquid % w/w Sodium laurylether sulfate (70%) 15.0 Cocoamidopropyl betaine (47%) 4.8 Evonik SL (42%) 5.4 Xanthan Gum 0.2 Water (Dye, Perfume, Preservative) ad. 100 Superior foaming behavior than market product Higher grease removal efficacy than market product Page 29
Value arguments New technology (innovation) Formulation performance improvement (up to 30%) Flash foam, foam stability, grease removal 100% biodegradability CLP-free raw material Page 30
Value arguments Less severe formulation hazard classification Use in Ecolabel formulations New claims and promotion opportunities Close the performance gap to market leaders Increase market share Contribution to own corporate responsibility goals Contribution to sustainability targets Page 31
Areas of application & test results Manual Dish Wash Hard Surface Cleaning Laundry Page 32
dirt removal [w.-%] Hard surface cleaning efficacy of sophorolipid without mechanical impact 80 60 40 20 0 Evonik SL exhibits higher cleaning performance than other secondary surfactants on stainless steel plates soiled with a motor oil/paraffin mixture Page 33
Areas of application & test results Manual Dish Wash Hard Surface Cleaning Laundry (& ADW) Page 34
The water hardness issue Loss of surfactant by lime soap precipitation Important for regions with high water hardness (e.g. MENA) Addition of builder necessary in laundry detergents Potentially important to ADW formulations Page 35
Excellent water hardness tolerance of sophorolipids SDS SDBS SL Acid (L 0 A 100 ) SL (L 40 A 60 ) Water hardness: Surfactant: 0.5 w.-% 40 dh (0.8 g CaCl 2 /L) SDS = sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDBS = sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate Page 36
Surfactant in liquor [rel-%] No loss of surface active sophorolipid during washing by precipitation Water Hardness 10 dh Water Temperature 40 C 100 Residual surfactant in liquor Surfactant Conc. 0.03 w.-% Ratio (w/w) liquor/fabric 5:1 80 Time 30 min. 60 Method Fabric (terry towel) was soaked in washing liquor & squeezed out. Determination of surfactant conc. in washing liquor by HPLC 40 20 0 SL Acid (L0S100) 0 A 100 ) SDBS Page 37
Surfactant in liquor [rel-%] No loss of surface active sophorolipid during washing by precipitation Water Hardness 10 dh Water Temperature 40 C 100 Residual surfactant in liquor Surfactant Conc. 0.03 w.-% Ratio (w/w) liquor/fabric 5:1 Time 30 min. 80 60 Evonik SL potentially allows to partially / completely replace conventional builder systems 40 20 0 SL Acid (L0S100) 0 A 100 ) SDBS Page 38
Your take home messages - There is not the one and only Sophorolipid - (Foam) properties of sophorolipids strongly depend on composition (lactone, acid, free acid) - The less oleic acid the higher foam volume - Properties can be fine-tuned especially with regard to foaming - Proportional betaine replacement (50% CAPB) best choice (synergies) - Evonik SL superior to market SL w/o soil, olive oil, high fat soil (~28% foam increase at same active) - High grease removal efficacy (+28 % over SLES/CAPB) - High grease removal efficacy (3 times larger than market SL) - Evonik SL exhibits better cleaning performance than other secondary surfactants - Excellent hard water tolerance - Potential to exchange existing builder systems Page 39
Do you have questions? Page 40