SIX1 Comparison of different drying techniques in Madagascar X. Simonnet and S. Rasamiharimanana With the financial support of: With the technical support of: BIONEX 1
Slide 1 SIX1, 04/10/10
Aims Evaluate the incidence of various drying techniques usually used in Madagascar, as well as some other variants, on the artemisinin content. cheap easy weather 2
State of knowledge Ferreira et al., 1992 Charles et al., 1993 Effect of drying methods on the recovery and yield of artemisinin from Artemisia annua L. Effect of water stress and post-harvest handling on artemisinin content in the leaves of Artemisia annua L. Hort Science, 27 (6), 650. J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.), New crops. Wiley, New York Simonnet et al., 2001 Field drying of Artemisia annua L:increasing L.: artemisinin RSVAH, 33 (5) 263-268 268. content and lowering production costs. Laughlin, 2002 Simonnet et al., 2008 Gu AnYu et al., 2008 Feng ShiXin et al., 2009 Post-harvest drying treatment effects on antimalarial constituents of Artemisia annua L. Artemisia annua L., harvest and post-harvest treatments (2007-2008) Study on the optimal harvest time and drying methods of Artemisia annua L. in Yunnan province. Study on the machining method of the artemisinin content of Artemisia annua. Acta Horticulturae, 576, 315-320. MMV report Simonnet et al., 2010 Artemisia annua L., harvest and post-harvest treatments MMV report (2008-2009) Ferreira et al., 2010 Drying affects artemisinin, dihydroartemisinic acid, artemisinic acid, and the antioxidant capacity of Artemisia annua L. leaves. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21 (56), 1682-1684. Guangxi Zhiwu/Guihaia, 29 (6), 857-859 J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 1691-1698 3
Drying techniques tested Drying on mat : 1, 2, 4 or 6 layers /entire plants 1 layer 6 layers 4
Drying of stem chunks on mat 5
Drying on trestles: layers more or less thick less more 6
Drying on wires 7
2 periods of harvest Drying processes 100% open air March July 2009 (1) 2009 (2) on mat 1 layer No on mat 1 layer Yes on mat 2 layers Yes on mat t4l layers Yes on mat 6 layers Yes stem chunks on mat No stem chunks on mat Yes on trestles, layer rather tamped Yes on trestles, layer not tamped Yes on wire Yes (1) Local variety planted 11 Septemer 2008 (LRS) (2) Artemis variety planted 3 January 2009 (SRS) 8
Drying in March 2009 50 100 45 20 days 90 40 35 5 days 8 days 13 days 80 70 30 60 temperature ( C C) 25 20 15 50 40 30 rainfall (mm) Rainfall T min. 10 20 T max. 5 10 0 0-5 -10 9
Drying in July 2009 50 45 21 days 100 90 temperature ( C) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 7 days 10 days 12 days 20 days 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 rainfall (mm m) Rainfall T min. 5 10 0 0-5 -10 10
Drying in March 2009 1.4 p<1% artemisinin content (% on dry matter leaves) 12 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 * a 0.0 0.84 0.86 0.85 0.92 1.06 0.78 D5-1 D5-2 D5-3 D5-4 D5-5 D5-6 D5-7 Drying processes * Dunnett test 11
Drying in July 2009 1.4 p<5% 1.2 * a a leaves) 1.0 artemisinin co ontent (% on DM 0.8 06 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.15 1.20 1.30 1.26 1.30 1.22 1.16 1.17 D 6-1 D 6-2 D 6-3 D 6-4 D 6-5 D 6-6 D 6-7 D 6-8 * Dunnett test Drying processes 12
artemisinin i i content t (% on DM) Drying season Long rainy season - March 2009 (local variety) Small rainy season - July 2009 (Artemis F1 variety) p<1% 0,92 1,24 a Drying processes p<1% Traditionnal drying on mat 1 layer (D5-1 & D6-1) 0,99 c Drying on mat 1 layer, 100% open air (D5-2 & D6-2) 1,03 c Drying on mat 4 layers, 100% open air (D5-4 & D6-3) 1,11 Drying on trestles, thick layer rather tamped, 100% open air (D5-5 & D6-5) 1,18 a Interaction p>5% 13
Conclusions long drying durations, up to 3 weeks did not cause damage, well managed it can increase artemisinin content to cover plants during night or in case of rain has no effect the color of leaves is not a criteria for quality 14