ReTain Reg No./Nr. L 6141 Act/Wet No./Nr.36 of/van 1947 WATER SOLUBLE POWDER / WATEROPLOSBARE POEIER A natural occurring plant growth regulator for use on pome fruit and stone fruit as indicated which can improve harvest management, fruit quality and storage potential. 'n Plantgroeireguleerder wat in die natuur voorkom wat oesbestuur, vrugkwaliteit en opbergingspotensiaal van kernvrugte en steenvrugte soos aangedui verbeter. Active Ingredient / Aktiewe bestanddeel [S]-trans-2-amino-4-(2-aminoethoxy) -3-butenoic acid hydrochloride...15 g/100g [S]-trans-2-amino-4-(2-amino-etoksi) -3-butanoësuur hidrochloried...15 g/100g NET MASS... g..... NETTO MASSA REGISTRATION HOLDER/REGISTRASIEHOUER: REG NO 98/10658/07 REG NR P O BOX 442 POSBUS SOMERSET WEST /-WES 7129 Tel. (021) 851-4163 ReTain is the registered trade name of / is n geregistreerde handelsnaam van Valent BioSciences TM Corporation, 870 Technology Way, Libertyville, IL 60048 USA. Batch No... Date of Manufacture... Group III... Lotnommer... Vervaardigingsdatum CAUTION / VERSIGTIG 1
WARNINGS Allow the following period between ReTain application and harvesting: Apples 7 days. Nectarines, Peaches & Plums...7 days. Store in a cool and dry place. Avoid extended storage conditions at temperatures above 25 C. Store out of reach of children, uninformed persons and animals. Harmful if swallowed. May irritate the eyes. Re-entry: Do not enter treated field until the spray deposit has dried unless wearing protective clothing. This product is moderately toxic to avian species and exposure to birds should be avoided. Do not apply ethephon products to ReTain -treated fruit. THIS REMEDY HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY TESTED UNDER A LARGE VARIETY OF CONDITIONS. THE REGISTRATION HOLDER DOES NOT WARRANT THAT IT WILL BE EFFICACIOUS UNDER ALL CONDITIONS BECAUSE THE ACTION AND EFFECT THEREOF MAY BE AFFECTED BY FACTORS SUCH AS ABNORMAL CLIMATIC, SOIL AND STORAGE CONDITIONS, QUALITY OF DILUTION WATER, COMPATIBILITY WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES NOT INDICATED ON THE LABEL AS WELL AS BY THE METHOD, TIME AND ACCURACY OF THE APPLICATION. THE REGISTRATION HOLDER FURTHER MORE DOES NOT ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY FOR DAMAGE TO CROPS AND VEGETATION, THE ENVIRONMENT OR HARM TO MAN OR ANIMAL OR LACK OF PERFORMANCE OF THE REMEDY CONCERNED DUE TO FAILURE OF THE USER TO FOLLOW THE LABEL INSTRUCTIONS OR TO THE OCCURRENCE OF CONDITIONS WHICH COULD NOT HAVE BEEN FORESEEN IN TERMS OF THE REGISTRATION. CONSULT THE SUPPLIER IN THE EVENT OF ANY UNCERTAINTY. PRECAUTIONS Wear gloves and face shield protection when handling the concentrate. Avoid intake or inhaling of liquid or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin, in case of skin contact, wash immediately with soap and plenty of water and removed contaminated clothes. Avoid contact with eyes, in case of contact with eyes, flush with plenty of water and get medical attention. Do not contaminate rivers, dams and water sources. Avoid spray drift onto other crops. Dispose of empty outer foil bag in trash and do not use for any other purpose. Prevent contamination of food, feeds, drinking water and eating utensils. Do not eat, drink or smoke before washing hands and face. DIRECTIONS FOR USE USE ONLY AS DIRECTED SPRAY VOLUME PER HECTARE Apply ReTain in a sufficient amount of water to ensure thorough, but not excessive, coverage. Use calibrated spray equipment to ensure uniform coverage of leaves and fruit. Adjust water volumes based on tree size and spacing. Excessive spray application volumes that result in spray runoff will reduce product performance. 2
CONDITIONS OF APPLICATION 1. Do not apply when wind conditions will cause excessive spray drift. 2. High relative humidity, cool weather, damp and slow drying conditions at time of spraying or shortly thereafter, improves absorption. Conditions favouring rapid drying conditions of spray should be avoided. It is recommended that ReTain be applied in the evening, once the fruit has cooled down. 3. Delay applying ReTain after rain or heavy dew until fruit and leaves are free of surface droplets. Application should be made only when an 8-hour rain free period is expected. If rain falls within 8 hours of application a reduced response may occur. Do not use overhead cooling or irrigation equipment for 8 hours following ReTain application. Do not re-spray in the event of rain falling within 8 hours of application. 4. Do not apply ReTain to trees under stress (e.g. heat, water, disease, insect). Injured or stressed fruits (due to heat stress, sunburn, disease or insect damage, poor nutrient content, etc.) may not respond to ReTain. Product benefits may not be observed with these fruits. POME FRUIT: TIMING OF APPLICATION Apples 1. Apply ReTain four weeks (all apple cultivars) or one week (Royal Gala & Pink Lady) prior to the anticipated beginning of the normal harvest period (i.e. the first pick) for the current season. The normal harvest period for a particular orchard refers to that time when fruit not treated with ReTain would be harvested for long-term storage. To help determine the beginning of the normal harvest period, refer to historical trends for harvest dates and the "days from full bloom to harvest" interval for the different cultivars in your area (Also refer to harvest dates of earlier indicator fruit crops e.g. Drakenstein apples or Panorama Goldens for the current season). Consult your local Valent BioSciences representatives for more information. Responses may vary between different cultivars. Some cultivars naturally produce low levels of ethylene and the effect of ReTain is likely to be less than in cultivars which produce high levels of ethylene. Applications made either too early or too late can significantly reduce efficacy of ReTain. NOTE: Because the proper timing of ReTain application is particularly important to product performance, consideration should be given, on a block-by-block basis, to any growing condition(s) (e.g. prevailing weather patterns, nutrient levels) or production practice(s) (e.g. pruning severity) that could accelerate or delay fruit maturation during the course of a season. 2. Combination effects and potential interactions between ReTain and napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or ethephon products have not been thoroughly evaluated. Use of these products on ReTain - treated blocks may significantly negate or reduce the benefit profile of ReTain at harvest or in storage. NAA applications must therefore only be considered on ReTain - treated fruit, if very long drop control is desired, or if fruit begin to loosen. 3
STONE FRUIT: TIMING OF APPLICATION Nectarines and Peaches 1. Apply ReTain 7 14 days prior to the anticipated beginning of the normal harvest period (i.e. the first pick) for the current season. The normal harvest period for a particular orchard refers to that time when fruit not treated with ReTain would be harvested. To help determine the beginning of the normal harvest period, refer to historical trends for harvest dates and the "days from full bloom to harvest" interval for the different cultivars in your area. (Also refer to harvest dates of earlier indicator fruit crops). Consult your local Valent BioSciences representatives for more information. Applications made either too early or too late can significantly reduce efficacy of ReTain. NOTE: Because the proper timing of ReTain application is particularly important to product performance, consideration should be given, on a block-by-block basis, to any growing condition(s) (e.g. prevailing weather patterns, nutrient levels) or production practice(s) (e.g. pruning severity) that could accelerate or delay fruit maturation during the course of a season. Plums 1. Apply ReTain 7 14 days prior to the anticipated beginning of the normal harvest period (i.e. the first pick) for the current season. The normal harvest period for a particular orchard refers to that time when fruit not treated with ReTain would be harvested. To help determine the beginning of the normal harvest period, refer to historical trends for harvest dates and the "days from full bloom to harvest" interval for the different cultivars in your area. (Also refer to harvest dates of earlier indicator fruit crops). Consult your local Valent BioSciences representatives for more information. Applications made either too early or too late can significantly reduce efficacy of ReTain. NOTE: Because the proper timing of ReTain application is particularly important to product performance, consideration should be given, on a block-by-block basis, to any growing condition(s) (e.g. prevailing weather patterns, nutrient levels) or production practice(s) (e.g. pruning severity) that could accelerate or delay fruit maturation during the course of a season. NOTE: Fruit treated with ReTain still have to be harvested within the picking guidelines for each variety, see industry guidelines on firmness. Fruit harvested too early or too late may result in internal quality problems. USE OF ADJUVANTS ReTain should be used with organo-silicone surfactants, such as BREAK-THRU or Silwet L-77, in order to obtain the optimum response. For best results, use a final surfactant concentration of 0.05% (v/v) in the spray tank. To reduce foaming, add the surfactant last. Mild agitation will help disperse the product. However, avoid vigorous agitation which may lead to excessive foaming. MIXING INSTRUCTIONS Add the required amount of ReTain to a clean spray tank about half-filled with water. Agitate while bringing the total volume of water to the required level. Use the ReTain spray solution within 24 hours of mixing. Maintain solution ph between 6 and 8. 4
RECOMMENDATIONS CROP Pome Fruit : Apples (all cultivars) GROWTH REGULATING ACTIVITY To delay fruit maturity, which can allow for a harvest delay of 7 to 10 days. Depending on orchard conditions or grower objectives, one or more of the following benefits may be associated with this harvest delay: - improved fruit quality through maintenance of fruit firmness - improved harvest management - reduction of preharvest fruit drop - natural enhancement of fruit size and colour - maintenance of green background colour - maintenance of fruit firmness - enhanced storage potential g/ha REMARKS Apply 28 days prior to anticipated beginning of normal harvest. Use an organosilicone surfactant, such as BREAK-THRU or Silwet L- 77 at 50 ml/100l water. Royal Gala To delay fruit maturity, improve fruit quality and storage potential of later picked apples. This late application typically will not delay the start of harvest (1 st pick), but will help control the maturation rate of the later picks, with one or more of the benefits as listed above. 550 Apply 7 days prior to anticipated beginning of normal harvest. Use an organosilicone surfactant, such as BREAK-THRU or Silwet L- 77 at 50 ml/100l water. Pink Lady To delay fruit maturity, improve fruit quality and storage potential of later picked apples. This late application typically will not delay the start of harvest (1 st pick), but will help control the maturation rate of the later picks, with one or more of the benefits as listed above. Apply 7 days prior to anticipated beginning of normal harvest. Use an organosilicone surfactant, such as BREAK-THRU or Silwet L- 77 at 50 ml/100l water. Stone Fruit : Nectarines, Peaches and Plums (only the following cultivars: Pioneer, Larry Ann, Sapphire, Fortune and Sun Kiss). To delay fruit maturity, that can allow for a harvest delay of 0 to 5 days. Depending on orchard conditions or grower objectives, one or more of the following benefits may be associated with this harvest delay: - improved fruit quality through maintenance of fruit firmness - improved harvest management - reduction of preharvest fruit drop Apply 7-14 days prior to anticipated beginning of normal harvest (i.e. the first pick). Use an organo-silicone surfactant, such as BREAK- THRU or Silwet L-77 at 50 ml/100l water. 5
- natural enhancement of fruit size and colour - reduced incidence of soft tips - enhanced storage potential - reduced incidence and/or severity of fruit disorders (e.g. decay) NOTES 1. Do not apply ReTain in combination with pesticides, other growth regulators or plant nutrients. 2. Use properly calibrated spray equipment that ensures uniform and complete coverage of all foliage and fruit. BREAK-THRU is a registered trade name of Degussa AG. Silwet L-77 is a registered trade name of Crompton Corporation, USA. 6
WAARSKUWINGS Laat toe vir die volgende periode tussen ReTain toediening en oesperiode: Appels......7 dae. Nektariens, Perskes en Pruime..7 dae. Stoor in 'n koel, droë plek. Verhoed langdurige blootstelling aan temperature bo 25 C. Stoor buite die bereik van kinders, oningeligte persone en diere. Nadelig wanneer ingeneem word. Mag oogirritasie veroorsaak. Her-toetrede: Moet nie behandelde area betree voordat spuitstof drooggeraak het nie, tensy beskermende klere gedra. Hierdie produk is matig giftig vir voëls. Voorkom dus dat voëls daarmee in aanraking kom. Moenie ethephon produkte op ReTain - behandelde blokke toedien nie. ALHOEWEL HIERDIE MIDDEL OMVATTEND ONDER 'N GROOT VERSKEIDENHEID TOESTANDE GETOETS IS WAARBORG DIE REGISTRASIEHOUER NIE DAT DIT ONDER ALLE TOESTANDE DOELTREFFEND SAL WEES NIE, AANGESIEN DIE WERKING EN EFFEK DAARVAN BEINVLOED KAN WORD DEUR FAKTORE SOOS ABNORMALE KLIMAATS-EN BERGINGSTOESTANDE, KWALITEIT VAN VERDUNNINGSWATER, VERENIGBAARHEID MET ANDER STOWWE WAT NIE OP DIE ETIKET AANGEDUI IS NIE, SOWEL AS DIE METODE, TYD EN AKKURAATHEID VAN TOEDIENING. VERDER AANVAAR DIE REGISTRASIEHOUER NIE DIE VERANTWOORDELIKHEID VIR SKADE AAN GEWASSE, PLANTEGROEI, DIE OMGEWING OF VIR NADELIGE EFFEK OP MENS OF DIER OF VIR 'N GEBREK AAN PRESTASIE VAN DIE BETROKKE MIDDEL AS GEVOLG VAN DIE VERSUIM VAN DIE VERBRUIKER OM ETIKETAANWYSINGS NA TE KOM OF AS GEVOLG VAN DIE ONTSTAAN VAN TOESTANDE WAT NIE KRAGTENS DIE REGISTRASIE VOORSIEN KON WORD NIE. RAADPLEEG DIE VERSKAFFER IN DIE GEVAL VAN ENIGE ONSEKERHEID. VOORSORGMAATREëLS Dra handskoene en gesigskerm beskerming wanneer konsentraat hanteer word Vermy inname of inaseming van vloeistof of spuitmis. Vermy kontak met vel, in geval van kontak, was met seep en baie water en verwyder besoedelde klere. Vermy kontak met oë, indien wel, was oë met genoegsame hoeveelhede water en verkry mediese advies. Verhoed besoedeling van riviere, damme en waterbronne. Verhoed die wegdryf van sproeinewel na ander gewasse. Vernietig foeliesakkie en moenie weer gebruik nie. Vermy besoedeling van kos, voedselware, drinkwater en eetgerei. Moenie eet, drink of rook voordat hande en gesig gewas is nie. GEBRUIKSAANWYSINGS GEBRUIK SLEGS SOOS AANGEDUI. SPUITVOLUME PER HEKTAAR Dien ReTain toe in genoegsame water per hektaar om deeglike, maar nie oormatige, benatting te gee. Gebruik gekalibreerde spuittoerusting om uniforme benatting van blare en vrugte te verseker. Pas volume water aan by die boomgrootte en plantwydtes. Oormatige toediening tot afloop mag die produk se effektiwiteit benadeel. 7
OMSTANDIGHEDE RONDOM TOEDIENING 1. Moenie toedien wanneer windtoestande oormatige spuitnewelwegdrywing tot gevolg sal hê nie. 2. Hoë relatiewe humiditeit, koel weer, vogtig en stadigdrogende toestande tydens toediening of kort daarna, verhoog die opname van ReTain. Moenie spuit wanneer toestande gunstig is vir vinnige afdroging nie. Dit word aanbeveel dat ReTain in die aand toegedien word, nadat die vrugtemperature afgeneem het. 3. Vertraag die toediening van ReTain na reën en swaar dou totdat daar nie meer water druppels aanwesig is op vrugte en blare nie. Toediening moet slegs geskied wanneer reën nie binne 8 uur na toediening verwag word nie. Indien dit sou reën binne 8 uur na toediening, mag dit 'n swakker resultaat tot gevolg hê. Moenie oorhoofse verkoeling of besproeingsapparaat gebruik binne 8 uur na ReTain toediening nie. Moenie oorspuit indien reën binne 8 uur van toediening val nie. 4. Moenie ReTain toedien aan bome onderhewig aan stres nie (bv. hitte, water, siektes of insekte). Beseerde vrugte of vrugte onderhewig aan stres (a.g.v. hitte, sonbrand, siektes of insekbeskadiging, swak voedingstatus, ens.) mag moontlik nie op ReTain reageer nie. Voordele van ReTain mag moontlik nie by hierdie vrugte waargeneem word nie. KERNVRUGTE: TYD VAN TOEDIENING Appels 1. Dien ReTain toe 28 dae (alle appel kultivars) of 7 dae (Royal Gala & Pink Lady) voor die beplande aanvang van die normale oesperiode (d.w.s. die eerste pluk) vir die huidige seisoen. Die normale oesperiode vir n spesifieke boord is wanneer onbehandelde bome geoes word vir langtermyn opberging. Om die aanvang van die normale oesperiode te bepaal, verwys na die historiese tendense vir oesdatums en die "dae vanaf volblom tot oes" interval vir elke kultivar in die area. (Verwys ook na oesdatums van vroeër indikasie vrugsoorte soos Drakenstein appels of Panorama Goldens vir die huidige seisoen). Nader u plaaslike Valent BioSciences verteenwoordigers vir verdere inligting. Die reaksie op ReTain mag varieer tussen veskillende varieteite. Sommige varieteite lewer lae vlakke van etileen en die effek van ReTain sal waarskynlik minder wees as in die geval van varieteite wat hoë etileen vlakke lewer. Toedienings te vroeg of te laat kan die effektiwiteit van ReTain betekenisvol verminder. NOTA: Aangesien die korrekte toedieningstyd van ReTain baie belangrik is vir produkwerking, moet daar op n blok-tot-blok basis aandag gegee word aan groeitoestande (bv. weerstoestande, voedingstatus) of produksiepraktyke (bv. snoei) wat vrugrypwording tydens die seisoen kan versnel of vertraag. 2. Kombinasie effekte en moontlike interaksies tussen ReTain en naftaleenasynsuur (NAS) of ethephon produkte is nie deeglik geëvalueer nie. Die gebruik van hierdie produkte op ReTain - behandelde blokke mag moontlik die voordelige effekte van ReTain by oestyd of in opberging teenwerk. NAS toedienings moet daarom slegs oorweeg word op ReTain - behandelde blokke, indien baie lang vrugvalbeheer verlang word, of indien die vrugte begin losraak. 8
STEENVRUGTE: TYD VAN TOEDIENING Nektariens en Perskes 1. Dien ReTain toe 7 14 dae voor die beplande aanvang van die normale oesperiode (d.w.s. die eerste pluk) vir die huidige seisoen. Die normale oesperiode vir n spesifieke boord is wanneer onbehandelde bome geoes word. Om die aanvang van die normale oesperiode te bepaal, verwys na die historiese tendense vir oesdatums en die "dae vanaf volblom tot oes" interval vir elke kultivar in die area. (Vervys ook na oesdatums van vroeër indikasie vrugsoorte). Nader u plaaslike Valent BioSciences verteenwoordigers vir verdere inligting. Toedienings te vroeg of te laat kan die effektiwiteit van ReTain betekenisvol verminder. NOTA: Aangesien die korrekte toedieningstyd van ReTain baie belangrik is vir produkwerking, moet daar op n blok-tot-blok basis aandag gegee word aan groeikondisies (bv. weerstoestande, voedingstatus) of produksiepraktyke (bv. snoei) wat vrugrypwording tydens die seisoen kan versnel of vertraag. Pruime 1. Dien ReTain toe 7 14 dae voor die beplande aanvang van die normale oesperiode (d.w.s. die eerste pluk) vir die huidige seisoen. Die normale oesperiode vir n spesifieke boord is wanneer onbehandelde bome geoes word. Om die aanvang van die normale oesperiode te bepaal, verwys na die historiese tendense vir oesdatums en die "dae vanaf volblom tot oes" interval vir elke kultivar in die area. (Vervys ook na oesdatums van vroeër indikasie vrugsoorte). Nader u plaaslike Valent BioSciences verteenwoordigers vir verdere inligting. Toedienings te vroeg of te laat kan die effektiwiteit van ReTain betekenisvol verminder. NOTA: Aangesien die korrekte toedieningstyd van ReTain baie belangrik is vir produkwerking, moet daar op n blok-tot-blok basis aandag gegee word aan groeikondisies (bv. weerstoestande, voedingstatus) of produksiepraktyke (bv. snoei) wat vrugrypwording tydens die seisoen kan versnel of vertraag. NOTA: Vrugte wat behandel is met ReTain moet nog steeds binne die vasgestelde plukvenster ge-oes word vir die spesifieke kultivar, sien bedryfsriglyne t.o.v. fermhede. Vrugte wat te vroeg of te laat ge-oes word, mag interne gehalte probleme tot gevolg hê. GEBRUIK VAN BENATTINGSMIDDELS ReTain moet met n organo-silikoon benattingsmiddel (soos BREAK-THRU of Silwet L-77 ) gebruik word vir maksimum reaksie. Vir die beste resultate, gebruik n finale konsentrasie van 0.05%(v/v) in die spuittenk. Om skuimvorming te verminder moet die benatter laaste bygevoeg word. n Matige roeraksie in die tenk sal help om die produk op te los. Voorkom oormatige roeraksie om skuimvorming te voorkom. VERMENGING Voeg die regte hoeveelheid ReTain by n skoon spuittenk halfvol met water. Skakel roerder aan terwyl die tenk gevul word tot die verlangde merk. 'n ReTain mengsel moet binne 24 uur na vermenging toegedien word. Behou ph van oplossing tussen 6 en 8. 9
AANBEVELINGS GEWAS GROEIREGULERENDE AKSIE g/ha AANTEKENINGE Kernvrugte : Appels (alle kultivars) Om vrug rypwording te vertraag wat oestyd met 7 tot 10 dae kan uitstel. Afhangende van die toestande in die boord en die produsent se doelwitte, kan een of meer van die volgende voordele met hierdie oesvertraging gepaardgaan: - verbeterde vrugkwaliteit deur behoud van vrugfermheid - verbeterde oesbestuur - vermindering van vooroesvrugval - natuurlike verbetering van vruggrootte en vrugkleur - behoud van die agtergrond groen kleur - behoud van vrugfermheid - verhoogde opbergingspotensiaal. Dien toe 28 dae voor beplande aanvang van normale oesperiode. Gebruik n organo-silikoon benattingsmiddel (soos BREAK-THRU of Silwet L-77 ) teen 50 ml/100l water. Royal Gala Om vrug rypwording te vertraag asook vrugkwaliteit en opbergingsvermoeë te verbeter van appels wat na die eerste pluk geoes word. Hierdie laat ReTain toediening sal tipies nie die aanvang van oes (eerste pluk) vertraag nie, maar wel die latere plukke se vrug rypwording vertraag met een of meer van bogenoemde voordele. 550 Dien toe 7 dae voor beplande aanvang van normale oesperiode. Gebruik n organo-silikoon benattingsmiddel (soos BREAK-THRU of Silwet L-77 ) teen 50 ml/100l water. Pink Lady Om vrug rypwording te vertraag asook vrugkwaliteit en opbergingsvermoeë te verbeter van appels wat na die eerste pluk geoes word. Hierdie laat ReTain toediening sal tipies nie die aanvang van oes (eerste pluk) vertraag nie, maar wel die latere plukke se vrug rypwording vertraag met een of meer van bogenoemde voordele. Dien toe 7 dae voor beplande aanvang van normale oesperiode. Gebruik n organo-silikoon benattingsmiddel (soos BREAK-THRU of Silwet L-77 ) teen 50 ml/100l water. Steenvrugte : Nektariens, Perskes en Pruime (slegs die volgende kultivars: Pioneer, Larry Ann, Sapphire, Fortune en Sun Kiss). Om vrug rypwording te vertraag wat oestyd met 0 tot 5 dae kan uitstel. Afhangende van die toestande in die boord en die doelwit van die produsent. Een of meer van die volgende voordele kan met hierdie oesvertraging gepaardgaan: - verbeterde oesbestuur - vermindering van vooroesvrugval Dien toe 7-14 dae voor beplande aanvang van normale oesperiode (bv. eerste pluk). Gebruik n organo-silikoon benattingsmiddel (soos BREAK- THRU of Silwet L-77 ) teen 50 ml/100l water. 10
- natuurlike verbetering van vruggrootte en vrugkleur - behoud van die groen agtergrond kleur - behoud van vrugfermheid - verminderde voorkoms van sagtepunte - verhoogde opbergingspotensiaal - verminderde voorkoms van en/of graad van vrugdefekte (bv. verrotting) NOTAS 1. Moenie ReTain meng met plaagbeheermiddels, ander groei-reguleerders of blaarvoedingmiddels. 2. Maak gebruik van korrek gekalibreerde spuittoerusting wat 'n uniforme en volledige bedekking van alle vrugte en blare verseker. BREAK-THRU is die geregistreerde handelsnaam van Degussa AG. Silwet L-77 is die geregistreerde handelsnaam van Crompton Corporation, VSA. 11