1 Unit 9- Medieval Europe Lesson 4 Crusades, trade, and the Plague & Review Name:
2 The Crusades The, which began in 1095, were major military expeditions fought to win back the and protect the Byzantine Empire. In the time of the decline of the Byzantine Empire, the conquered many lands, including. In the first century, Judea had been renamed by the Romans, who forced the Jews to leave the region. Christians considered the. According to the New Testament, has lived and preached in. In 1095, Byzantine Emperor asked II in Rome for help to free the Holy Land from the Muslims Between 1095 and 1214, in western Europe organized called the. Kings, nobles, knights, peasants, and townspeople became crusaders and set out to control of. East and West The increased contact between the West and East, which expanded opportunities for. In addition to fighting to win of the, many crusaders fought for power, territory, and riches. The crusaders won some battles and established crusader states along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean.
3 Trade Grows A network of European developed, linking Africa, Asia Minor, China, and the Far East. This allowed foreign to be sold at throughout Europe. Over time, people began to need and want things that were not available on the. Lords wanted to show off their wealth with fine wools and furs. These goods reached people on the manor by way of a. Medieval Fairs: Merchants and craftspeople in local set up tents or stalls. They sold their goods. Fairs occurred regularly and usually took place on holidays ( ) or during celebrations. A network of European developed to get goods for the fairs Along the trade routes, traders and merchants exchanged local goods for foreign goods A series of set up along the trade routes made it easier to from Asia into Europe. To get goods from China and the Far East, European linked to the primary trade route through Asia, the, one of the oldest and most important land routes. European linked to Muslim trade routes, providing goods from Africa, Asia Minor, and other Muslim lands. The Silk Road The was a series of trade routes beginning in China. Both the trading of goods and cultural exchanges took place along these trade routes. We know about the from the travels of. His stories of China s riches fascinated the people of Europe
4 The was about 4,000 miles long. It consisted of many different routes and branches, each passing through different settlements. All routes set out from the capital, Chang an under the Han dynasty The road branched at Dunhuang, which led to Baghdad. to China carried gold, ivory, and precious stones. from China brought silk, furs, ceramics, jade, bronze, lacquer, and iron. Caravans needed their own forces because the road was difficult to travel and unsafe. and were built to the caravans. Ideas traveled both ways- came to China from the Silk Road. traveled the Silk Road. He stayed in China for 17 years. He described how unified the region: He then made himself master of cities and provinces. and appointed governors to them. made himself head of the cities and provinces over governors that he had appointed The Silk Road became important for after the states were united under the It became to travel when the Mongols took control. The Plague The was an epidemic that spread throughout Europe, killing about one-fourth to one-third of Europe s population between 1347 and 1352., usually carried by, caused the Plague
5 infest rodents, usually, and then they move to humans. The fleas the bacteria from the rat, through a, to the human. The rat and the human die, while the flea lives. Some historians suggest the began in Central Asia in the late 1320s and spread east to China. The Plague then west along the, reaching the Black Sea by 1347. The first European cases of the started in, Italy. Genoa was a seaport town. Ships from all directions came to and from Genoa. could the Plague from country to country in ships. The Plague about one-fourth to one-third of Europe s population from 1347 to 1352. Effects of the Plague 25%-22% of population Businesses go cause labor shortages Trade declines and towns disappear Construction and building projects stop Food supply decreases and people starve became more to lords. They enjoyed a higher standard of living and more independence
6 Did You Know Ring-around the rosie / A pocketful of posies / Ashes! Ashes! / We all fall down! This charming rhyme still recited by children today dates back to the Bubonic Plague. The ring around the rosie describes the red ring (rash) on an infected person. Posies refers to the herbs or flowers that people carried in their pockets to breathe hoping it would protect them from the disease; Ashes! Ashes! refers to when the bodies of plague victims would be burned to prevent the disease from spreading. All fall down describes the suddenness of death from what is today called Black Death or Bubonic Plague. 1. How was the bubonic plague spread? STUDY FOR YOUR TEST!! 2. Why did Emperor Alexius Comnenus ask Pope Urban II for help? 3. Why were the Crusades fought? 4. How did serfs benefit from the bubonic plague? 5. How did the Crusades increase wealth among Christians? Vocabulary: Monarch Feudalism Serf Knight Guild Chivalry a. warrior trained to fight on horseback b. person who lived and farmed on land owned by a lord c. social, political, and economic system during Middle Ages d. group of people united by a common trade e. supreme ruler f. knight s code
7 People and Terms: Charlemagne Magna Carta Three-field rotation Crusades Silk Road North European Plain Domesday Book 1. What are the seven continents of the world? 2. What are the four major land regions of Europe? 3. How did the Magna Carta change the way England was ruled? 4. How were the Crusades, trade, and the Plague related?