Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys) Sustainable Viticultural Practices Seminar May 6, 2015 Chuck Ingels UC Cooperative Extension, Sacramento County http://cesacramento.ucanr.edu
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys) Photos: Baldo Villegas
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys) Native to East Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan) A crop pest in its native range and here Found in Allentown, PA 1996, ID d 2001 Household nuisance pest in fall, winter Host list currently 170 spp., likely to rise
Current distribution in USA Source - http://www.stopbmsb.org T. Leskey, USDA-ARS May, 2012
BMSB in Calif. 2014 Established populations in: Butte Los Angeles Sacramento Santa Clara Sutter Yolo (new)
BMSB Finds Sacramento County Jan. 1, 2014 Dec. 31, 2014
Actual adult size 1/2 to 5/8 inch Adult Smooth shoulder edges Two white bands on antennae Banded legs Rust color with broad brown markings Photo: UC IPM Banded abdominal edge extending beyond wings Mature nymph (5 th instar)
20-30 eggs (often 28) Nymph (3 rd of 5) Adult
Rough Stink Bug vs. BMSB Rough stink bug BMSB
Rough Stink Bug vs. BMSB Two points Rough Rough stink bug BMSB Blunt Smooth Narrower angle Wider angle
Consperse Stink Bug vs. BMSB Consperse stink bug BMSB Solid brown Marble color 1/2 inch long 5/8 inch long
Aggregation Season (late summer), Pennsylvania Photos: Tracy Leskey
Aggregation Behavior Photos: Tracy Leskey
BMSB An Arboreal Species
Sacramento March 2014 Downspout Under bark
Host Plants Crops Stone fruits (esp. peach), pome fruits Berries Grapes (not a major host) Eggplant, tomato, okra, pepper, corn, beans, sunflower
Major Host Plants Selected Ornamentals Butterfly bush Catalpa Chinese pistache Elm Fruiting mulberry Holly Maple Princess tree (Paulownia) Pyracantha Redbud Tree of heaven Waxleaf privet Wisteria
Trident Maple Acer buergerianum
Waxleaf Privet Ligustrum japonicum
Chinese Pistache Pistachia chinensis
Tree of Heaven Ailanthus altissima
Stink Bug Feeding
BMSB Damage, 2014 Peach 5/22 Apricot 6/23 Nectarine 6/3 6/11 Asian pear 7/2 Plum 7/2 (no damage)
BMSB in Grapes Distinct odor that can taint wine» Smells like fresh cilantro» Other descriptors: skunky, citrusy, piney Direct injury to grapes by piercing and feeding» Can lead to increased susceptibility to bunch rots Harvest of nearby crops may force migration to vineyards Trap & monitor vineyard edges Photo: J. Fiola
Research on Stink Bug Taint in Juice/Wine Defensive compounds: trans-2-decenal and trans-2-octenal Photo: Joe Fiola
Summary of Sensory on Stink Bug Taint Univ. of Maryland, 2010 (Joe Fiola): 5-10 BMSB/lug: Perceptible aroma in juice No distinguishable taint in juice after 4 months 10-20 BMSB per lug: Perceptible aroma during red fermentation No distinguishable aroma in wine following fermentation and racking
Summary of Sensory on Stink Bug Taint Oregon State University Pinot Noir (Tomasino et al., 2013 ASEV abstracts) Treatments: 1) 1 bug per four clusters, 2) 1 bug per two clusters, 3) no bugs Distinct aroma detected - BMSB excreted defensive compounds during destemming & pressing Resulting wines had more trans-2-decenal Difference testing (triangle tests): T1 and T2 wines were perceived as different from the control
28 May 5, 2015 Wine Taint Research Oregon State University, 2014 Elizabeth Tomasino Dept. of Food Science and Technology Oregon State University Pallavi Mohekar Graduate Research Assistant (Slides removed because data have not yet been published)
BMSB Traps Dead-Inn Traps (AgBio, Inc.) Grower 48 tall, $30 Professional 24 tall, $20 Homeowner 16 tall, $17
$17 Phermone Traps Rocket Trap (Rescue)
2014 (66 mg) Lures 2014 AgBio (66 mg) 2015 (123 mg) 2014 Rescue (123 mg)
Understanding BMSB Pheromones Two Main Lure Types 1. Pheromone lures (USDA #10 and #20)» Harlequin bug pheromone nearly identical 2. Synergist = methyl decatrienoate (MDT) Best used in combination
BMSB Seasonal Development Model Development temperature thresholds:» Lower: 57F Upper: 97F Complete generation: 1107DD (Rutgers)» 968 DD (egg to adult) + 139 DD (to egg laying) First eggs found in 2014: May 5 (1 st in U.S.)» 2 nd gen. eggs start July 23 (2 generations)» 3 rd gen. eggs start Sept. 25 insufficient time Likely 3 generations in Kern County
17-Mar 31-Mar 14-Apr 28-Apr 12-May 26-May 9-Jun 23-Jun 7-Jul 21-Jul 4-Aug 18-Aug 1-Sep 15-Sep 29-Sep No./trap/day Adults and Nymphs Trapped Sacramento, 2014 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Adults BMSB/day/trap Avg. of 4 traps, 2014 First eggs: May 5 Predicted 2nd gen. eggs Nymphs
2014 Trap Locations & Counts Adults/Nymphs 64/532 219/155 x 90/691 11/9 7/7 0/0 22/98 3/4 0/0
2015 Trap Locations & Counts Adults Japanese maples Mixed 3 8 4 ToH 23 Mixed 19 8 3 ToH 1 1 2 Cherry 37 6 0 10 Fl. pear 3
Insecticide Efficacy Field Study (Leskey et al., 2013) High mortality on day of application: Endosulfan (e.g., Thiodan), methomyl (Lannate), thiamethoxam (Actara), and bifenthrin (e.g., Brigade) Fenpropathrin (Danitol) and dinetofuran (Venom, Scorpion): strong anti-feeding effect for 7+ days Peaches in Mid-Atlantic: 10-12 weekly applications, alternate-row, late May-harvest using pyrethroids and neonicotinoids Effective insecticides in lab: only 60% average mortality in the field when applied late early July, 40% in Aug., and 20% in September
2015 Orchard Spray Bulletin (BMSB) Coop. Extension: Virginia, W. Virginia, and Maryland Products that have shown good effectiveness:» Pyrethroids: Baythroid XL, Danitol, Warrior II, products containing permethrin (e.g. Pounce)» Neonicotinoid: Belay» Carbamate: Lannate» Premixtures: Endigo ZC, Leverage 360» Section 18: Bifenture/Brigade, Venom/Scorpion Not a California recommendation
2015 Spray Guide for Commercial Vineyards Coop. Extension: Virginia, W. Virginia, and Maryland 3 rd cover spray (pre-bunch closure)» Scorpion 35 SL, Actara 25WDG, Assail 70WP, or Malathion 8F 4 th cover spray (after veraison)» Scorpion 35 SL, Actara 25WDG, Assail 70WP, Venom 70, Belay 50WDG, or Malathion 5EC Harvest spray (day before harvest):» Belay or Pyganic (org.) Not a California recommendation
Alternative BMSB Management Penn. State Univ., Rutgers Univ. Border applications Use strong residual products Treat surrounding vegetation, if feasible Alternative crop plantings Possible trap crops (e.g., beans, Paulownia trees) Spray trap crops
Organically Acceptable Insecticides Partial to fairly good control of nymphs only: Pyrethrum Azadirachtin Spinosad Sabadilla Insecticidal soap Combinations
Biological Control? Foreign exploration done by USDA Egg parasitoids - Trissolcus spp. Possible release in Calif. in 2016 Gymnosoma par
Assassin bug Predators Seen in 2014 Praying mantis Spiders
Questions? Important Web Sites StopBMSB.org ucipm.ucdavis.edu cesacramento.ucanr.edu