Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) Baiting and Trapping Hannah Lee Dr. Gerard Krewer Dr. Elke Weibelzahl
Introduction to SWD Infest marketable fruit Short life cycle-up to 10 generations of flies per crop growing season. Female lays up to 300 eggs in her life time. Drosophila suzukii A new, invasive species of fruit fly -originated in Asia - arrived in California 2008 - spread to East coast US 2011
Economic Damage caused by SWD $511 million annual loss blueberry, strawberry and cherry crops in California, Washington and Oregon $9-14 million loss Georgia blueberry farmers - 2012 $7-10 million loss Florida blueberry farmers - 2012
Difficulties with Insecticides Insecticides must be applied shortly before the fruit ripens Expensive and pre-harvest interval (PHI) Risk SWD develop resistance to insecticides with over usage
SWD Traps Monitor for SWD presence Determine when to spray insecticides
Gold Standard SWD Baits - Apple cider vinegar (ACV) with drop detergent Pherocon - commercial lure produced by Trece - Pheromone based lure advertised to last 7-8 weeks
Materials and Methods 7 Baits #1 - Distilled water #2 Apple cider vinegar (ACV) #3 New blueberry wine (BB) #4 - BB wine + ACV (1:1 ratio) #5 - Organic red grape wine (store bought) #6 - Organic red grape wine + ACV (1:1 ratio) #7 - Pherocon lure suspended above ACV -125 ml total liquid per bait -1 drop dishwashing detergent/trap -Each trap 10 ft. from its neighbor
New Blueberry Wine Production 30 lbs reject culled blueberries 4 lb bag sugar 4 oz jar dry active yeast Ferment at least 2 weeks Filter
Materials and Methods 7 Baits #1 - Distilled water #2 Apple cider vinegar (ACV) #3 New blueberry wine (BB) #4 - BB wine + ACV (1:1 ratio) #5 - Organic red grape wine (store bought) #6 - Organic red grape wine + ACV (1:1 ratio) #7 - Pherocon lure suspended above ACV -125 ml total liquid per bait -1 drop dishwashing detergent/trap -Each trap 10 ft. from its neighbor
Materials and Methods Blueberry and Blackberry farm 10 regions around the farm 7 different bait samples per each station -> 70 traps Traps checked weekly for SWD, for 5 weeks Bait solutions changed weekly, except for Pherocon lures, as advertised to last 7-8 weeks
Results Number of Fruit Flies 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 57 Number Fruit Flies for All Weeks 256 978 794 Water ACV BB Wine BB Wine +ACV 1062 1163 Red Wine Red Wine + ACV 1510 *Pherocon Lure + ACV
SWD Identification Male Single dark spot each wing 2 black sex combs per foreleg Unbroken abdominal bands Female Prominent double serrated ovipositor Unbroken abdominal bands
Total Number SWD per Bait 250 200 150 100 50 0 1 Total Number SWD per Bait for All Weeks 31 219 154 150 WATER ACV BB Wine BB +ACV Red Wine Red Wine&ACV 134 108 *Pherocon Lure + ACV Percentage (%) 25 20 15 10 5 0 Percentage (%) of Fruit Flies that are SWD in each Bait 1.8 12.1 22.3 Water ACV BB Wine BB +ACV Red Wine Red Wine&ACV 19.4 14.1 11.5 7.2 *Pherocon Lure + ACV
160 Total Number and Percentage (%) of Male and Female SWDs 140 (65%) 143 Male SWD 120 FemaleSWD Number of SWD 100 80 60 40 (35%) 76 (39%) 60 (61%) 94 (30%) 45 (70%) 105 (46%) (54%) 72 (59%) 62 64 (41%) 44 20 0 (100%) 1 0 (48%) 15 (52%) 16 Water ACV BB Wine BB WINE +ACV Red Wine Red Wine + ACV *Pherocon Lure + ACV
Number of SWD per Week 70 60 50 40 30 Number of SWD per Week Week #1 Week #2 Week #3 Week #4 Week #5 20 10 0 Water ACV BB Wine BB Wine+ACV Red Wine Red Wine+ACV Pherocon Lure + ACV
Cost of Mass Trapping $100.00 $90.00 $89.13 Cost/Square Acre/Week $80.00 $70.00 $60.00 $50.00 $40.00 $30.00 $51.04 $49.46 $20.00 $10.00 $- $2.78 $12.96 $8.70 $10.83 Water ACV BB Wine BB WINE +ACV Red Wine Red Wine + ACV *Pherocon Lure + ACV
Number SWD Trapped per Dollar Spent 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0.5 3.4 Cost Effectiveness 35.2 19.9 Water ACV BB Wine BB Wine +ACV 2.4 Red Wine Red Wine + ACV 3.7 3.1 *Pherocon Lure + ACV
Conclusion Ineffective vs. Effective Traps: ACV -Was the worst group In trapping SWDs Pherocon Lure - Inefficient in trapping SWDs - Lower Percentage of female SWDs - Effectiveness falls after 1 week -Expensive Blueberry Wine -Trapped the most SWDs -Caught the most females -Effective throughout 5 weeks -Inexpensive
Future Applications Could new blueberry wine be used for mass trapping to help control a population of SWD on a blueberry farm? Could farmers of other SWD vulnerable crops make their own new wines from their crops to use as effective SWD bait?
Summation Data of All 5 Weeks