Project Archaeology: Investigating Shelter Series No. 10 Investigating an Archaic Basin House Investigating An Archaic Basin House Archaeology Notebook Name of Student Archaeologist In this investigation you will use information about the geography, history, and archaeology of the Uinta Basin to learn about an Archaic basin house and the people who lived there. You will look at historic photographs of similar shelters and read oral histories. You will make a map of an archaeological site and classify artifacts. You will infer how the environment of the Uinta Basin shaped the settlement at the Blue Knife basin house site. You will use what you learned about the basin house to plan and draw a modern or futuristic shelter. In a final composition you will report what you learned. Please do not copy or distribute except for classroom piloting and/or evaluation with permission from Project Archaeology. 1
Investigating an Archaic Basin House Part One: Geography Archaeology Notebook You are an archaeologist. Your question is: How can investigating the Archaic basin house help us understand the Archaic people and their culture? Investigation Activities 1. Read a biography of Clifford Duncan, Meet Clifford Duncan, a Ute Elder (page 3). 2. Estimate the size of a basin house with the whole class. 3. Read Geography of the Blue Knife Site (page 4). 4. Complete Environment of the Basin House: Analyzing the Data (page 5). 5. Read Blue Knife Site Resource Zones (page 6). 6. Complete Resource Zones: Analyzing the Data (page 8). Data Sources A biography of Clifford Duncan (page 3). The article Geography of the Blue Knife Site (pages 4). The article Blue Knife Site Resource Zones (page 6). Resource Map (page 7). Word Bank ancestors: a person from whom one is descended; mother, father, grandmother, grandfather Archaic: a period of time when hunter-gatherer societies lived in North America from about 8000 to 2000 years before present basin house: prehistoric house believed to have been conical (cone-shaped) with a wooden pole frame, which bark, hides, or tree boughs were placed over biography: history of a person s life as told by another person ceremony: a formal act done in honor of an event or special occasion culture: the customs, beliefs, laws, ways of living, and all other results of human work and thought that belong to people of the same society oral history: history that is passed down by word of mouth within and between generations thatch: straw, bushes, or the like used for making or covering the roofs of structures sacred: revered by a group of people, holy wickiup: conical (cone-shaped) and domed pol-and-thatch structures 2
Meet Clifford Duncan A Ute Tribal Elder This is Mr. Clifford Duncan, a Ute elder, meaning he is an older member of the Ute community. Mr. Duncan is a spiritual, or sacred, leader for his tribe. They are the White River Band of the Northern Ute. He lives in Roosevelt, Utah. Ute people often ask him to conduct special ceremonies. A ceremony is a formal act done in honor of an event or special occasion. An example is a blessing. Sometimes Mr. Duncan wears the traditional clothing of the Ute people. A tradition is an idea or way of doing things that people have done for a long time. He does this as a way to honor the Ute culture. He wears this clothing for very special celebrations. Mr. Duncan is an artist. He used to be a director of a museum. In 2002 he took part in the Winter Olympics. He was part of the opening ceremony in Salt Lake City. Two hundred years ago, Clifford Duncan s ancestors lived in shelters called wickiups. Wickiups are no longer lived in year round by the Ute or Paiute people, but are still used today by members of these tribes to celebrate their cultural heritage. Mr.Clifford Duncan performing a ceremony. Photograph courtesy of the Daily Utah Chronicle 3
Geography of the Blue Knife Site Before you begin, write the name inside the boundaries of each state on the map to the right. The Blue Knife site is located in the eastern portion of the Uinta Basin, in what is today northwest Colorado. The Blue Knife basin house was constructed on a field of sandy dunes, one-half mile west of Deception Creek. The surrounding area is lacking in trees, but has many other plants and shrubs, such as rabbitbrush, antelope bitterbrush, silver sagebrush, prickly pear, and Indian rice grass. Many animals live in the environment surrounding the Blue Knife site. Some of the larger animals in the area include coyote, mule deer and pronghorn antelope. Elk and bison lived in the foothills. Smaller animals, such as jackrabbits, cottontails, squirrels and mice are also very common. View Facing the Blue Knife Site The Blue Knife site is located at an elevation of 6,000 feet. Today, the average rainfall in that area ranges from 10 to 20 inches per year. Summer temperatures reach 70 to 80 degrees during the day, and drop to 40 degrees at night. During the winter, temperatures range from a high of 30 degrees during the day to a low of 4 degrees at night. There are frequent sunny days in the winter, which would have made winter living more comfortable. The people who lived in this area 5,000 years ago may have been the ancestors of Clifford Duncan and the Ute Tribe. Archaeologists call this time in history the Archaic period. In this investigation the people who lived at the Blue Knife site during this time are called the Archaic people. 4 The Blue Knife site and Juniper Mountain in the background
Name Environment of the Basin House: Analyzing the Data 1. Who lived at the Blue Knife site 5,000 years ago? 2. Draw a picture below that shows what the landscape of northwest Colorado looks like. Label each part of the landscape. 3. In degrees Fahrenheit, how cold can it get in the winter in the Uinta Basin? How hot can it get during the summer? How does that compare with where you live? 4. What kinds of shelters do you think the Archaic peoples would have needed in summer and winter? What kinds of materials could the Archaic people have used to build these shelters? 5
Blue Knife Site Resource Zones More than 5,000 years ago, the Archaic peoples lived in this part of the Uinta Basin. They did not grow their food; instead they found all of their food and water from the land around them. The Archaic people who lived in Blue Knife Basin House hunted large animals such as mule deer and pronghorn, as well as jackrabbits and cottontails. They either dried meat by hanging it on racks, or cooked the fresh meat and boiled the bones to make soups. Skins from the animals were used to make clothing, bags, and coverings for shelters. The Archaic people also gathered plants for food and other uses. Plants used included chokecherry, raspberry, sumac, dropseed, juniper berries, and prickly pear cactus. The Archaic people also ate pinyon nuts, and the seeds of wild grasses such as Indian rice grass, wild buckwheat, little barley and pigweed. They used stone tools to grind the grass seeds into flour. They also ate fresh roots or cooked the roots in an earthen oven. Other plants were used for their bark or fibers. Deception Creek, one-half mile east of Blue Knife Site The creek is dry in the summer. Shrubs such as antelope bitterbrush and serviceberry were used to weave baskets and nets, and to make bows and arrows. Sagebrush, juniper woods and when available pinyon wood were used as firewood to cook food and provide warmth. Sagebrush and juniper may also have been used as thatch or as medicines. Drawing of a Prickly Pear Cactus Drawing of a Jackrabbit 6
Resource Map Deer Stone for tools Juniper branch 7
Name Blue Knife Site Resource Zones: Analyzing the Data Use this paper and the Resource map to measure the distances in the questions below. One inch equals one mile. Measure to the center of the images. 1. Use a ruler to measure the distance from Basin House Site to the hunting grounds for deer. How far did the people from the Basin House Site have to travel round-trip to hunt deer? 2. How far did they travel to get fresh water? 3. How could the group best gather the different resources they needed? Would it be better to split the group and go to different resource zones? Would it be better to travel as a group? Explain your answer. 4. A person can walk about 3 miles per hour. How long do you think it would take four people at Basin House Site to travel round trip to get rock for making stone tools, juniper to help build the basin house, water to boil roots and prickly pear cactus? 8
Investigating an Archaic Basin House Part Two: History Archaeology Notebook You are an archaeologist. Your question is: How can investigating the Archaic basin house help us understand the Archaic people and their culture? Investigation Activities 1. Examine the drawing of a basin house (page 10). 2. Examine and read Historic Photograph of a Ute Wickiup (page 11). 3. Complete Pictures of the Basin House and a Wickiup: Analyzing the Data (pages 12 and 13). 4. Read The Ute People: Oral History (page 14-15). 5. Complete data collection sheets for The Ute People: Analyzing and Interpreting the Data (page 16). Data Sources Artist Drawing of the Blue Knife Basin House (page 10) Historic Photographs of a Ute Wickiup (page 11). The article The Ute People: Oral History by Clifford Duncan (page 14-15). Word Bank clan: a group of families extended family: Large families that may include children, parents, grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins. marrow: the soft, fatty tissue that fills most bone cavities tipi: a cone-shaped shelter made of animal skins stretched over a frame of poles, used by American Indians of the Great Plains and Great Lakes areas during prehistoric and historic times 9
Artist Drawing of the Blue Knife Basin House This drawing shows how the Archaic basin house, known as the Blue Knife Site, might have looked when it was being used. The illustration shows what materials the artist thinks that the Archaic people may have used to make the basin house shelter. The artist has also drawn artifacts that were found at the site, as well as other artifacts that may have been used, such as baskets. Activities Archaic people may have done while they were living at the Blue Knife site. Archaic people used both the inside and the outside of the basin house for different activities. The drawing also shows what the landscape around the site looked like. About the artist. Eric Carlson is an archaeologist and an artist. Eric helped excavate the Blue Knife site in 2006. He used his knowledge of archaeology and the data from the site to reconstruct the shelter. Artist drawing courtesy of Eric Carlson. Reconstruction of the basin house. Cut-away on right shows inside view. 10
Historic Photograph of a Ute Wickiup Historic photograph of a Ute wickiup. Photograph courtesy of Utah Historical Society. The Ute people used materials that were available in the environment surrounding their site. They would often cover the wickiup with durable materials such as juniper bark or animal skins if they planned to stay in a wickiup for a long time, Can you estimate how many people could fit comfortably inside a wickiup? or if they were living in it during the cold season. They might use local brush or branches as coverings during warm seasons, or for wickiups that they were only going to live in for a few weeks. Wickiups also varied in size. Many of the smaller wickiups were occupied for a short time. Larger ones were occupied for a long time, or were re-used during the following year. Some of the larger wickiups were 13 feet across and 12 feet tall in the center. Five thousand years ago, Archaic peoples in Colorado lived in basin houses that were similar to wickiups. Basin houses also varied in size from quite small to very large, and likely had different types of coverings. 11
Name Pictures of the Basin House and a Wickiup: Analyzing the Data Examine the drawing of the Archaic basin house and the wickiup in the photograph. Answer the following questions. Observing and Collecting Data 1. List what objects you see in the drawing and photo. Drawing Photo 2. What materials do you think were used to build each structure. Basin House Wickiup 3. What activities are going on inside and outside of each structure? Basin House Wickiup 4. From what you observe in the drawing and photograph, can you infer what time of year people were living at the Blue Knife basin house and wickiup? Basin House Wickiup 12
Analyzing and Interpreting the Data 1. Are the people in the photograph posing for the picture? If so why? Why do you think the photograph was taken? 2. What does the photograph tell you about how wickiups were used in the historic past? What is your evidence? 3. How is the artist s drawing of the Archaic basin house similar to the photograph of the historic wickiup? How is it different? 4. What questions do you have about the drawing? The photo? Drawing Photo 5. How could you get more information to answer your questions? 13
The Ute People: Oral History by Clifford Duncan Archaeologists can learn about Ute and their ancestors by talking to elders and other tribal members who can tell their stories of past lifeways. The following oral history was handed down to Clifford Duncan by his ancestors, and adapted from his contribution to the State of Utah Website [http://ilovehistory.utah.gov/people/first_peoples/tribes/ute.html]. In the times before the Ute had horses, men would hunt and fish using spear points, nets, and bows and arrows. They would read the stars of the sky and decide when it was time to move to another camp. Women would gather plant foods and prepare them; they would also make the clothing and shelters. Women also fetched water, gathered wood for heating and cooking, and prepared medicines from plants to heal the sick. Men and women who had healing abilities or success in hunting and warfare were respected by the Ute people, but there were no leaders or chiefs. The Ute people moved around the landscape to follow the cycle of the seasons. Each group traveled within a specific territory to find food, and returned to the same areas year after year. The Ute would move to deserts and valleys during the winter and to mountains in the summer. When the spring season began, families would leave their winter villages and go out into the desert valleys. Women gathered bark, seeds, roots and tubers. The plants were gathered in hand woven baskets and set to dry. To cook, women would boil food in pits using hot rocks. The men typically hunted small animals, such as birds and squirrels. Summer harvesting was also good for the Utes because the seeds, berries and roots were plentiful. During the fall, seeds were stored, clothing was made, and meat was hung from poles to dry and made into jerky. Men would head out in large groups to hunt buffalo with spears, and bring back as much meat as they could carry. In the winter, Ute families would move onto the warmer flatlands. Women would bring supplies of dried seeds, nuts, roots and berries, which they put into underground storage pits. Meat was hung inside shelters. Men would ice fish and continue to hunt smaller game throughout the winter. The shelter and clothing of the Utes fit their lifestyle. Because they moved each season, everything had to be portable or disposable. Shelters had to be quick and easy to construct, and the environment determined the kind of housing they had. In the desert they used brush or grass to make shelters known as wickiups. In more forested lands they used trees for tipi poles, and then covered them with animal hides. Families would leave brush and willow shelters behind as they moved on, but tipis were taken down and transported to new sites. In 1906, a group of Ute people were living on the Uintah Reservation in Utah. They were unhappy with their living conditions. They did not have enough to eat, and they did not like the place they lived. This group of over 400 people decided to travel north to live with the Crow tribe or the Cheyenne tribe. They traveled until they reached Wyoming. The federal government became concerned about this large group of American Indian people leaving their reservation. The president at the time, Theodore Roosevelt, directed the U.S. Military to ask the Ute people to go back to their reservation. U. S. Troops met the group of Utes near Gillette, Wyoming and traveled with them to an area near Alkali Creek on the Fort Meade Military Reservation in South Dakota. The Ute people were considered prisoners of war and could not leave the Fort Meade Military Reservation without permission. In January of 1907, a small group of Utes traveled to Washington D.C. to meet with President Roosevelt. Roosevelt again encouraged the Utes to return to their reservation in Utah, but they did not want to return. Finally, the Utes agreed to rent land on the Cheyenne River Reservation. The Utes moved 14
to the Reservation, but the men could not find work in the area. The Utes decided to return to the Unitah Reservation, and left for Utah, their former home, on October 22, 1908. While living at the Cheyenne River Reservation the Ute people built a pit house on a hill. They built it during the winter and lived in it. It was about 20 feet long and 15 feet wide. Ute people in Utah used pithouses until about ten years ago, especially for summer ceremonies like the Sun Dance. 15
The Ute People: Analyzing and Interpreting the Data 1. In the past, how did the Ute people get their food? Name 2. What activities did the Ute men do? What activities did the Ute women do? 3. Why did the Ute people move around from season to season? 4. What materials were used to make Ute shelters? 5. What happened to Ute shelters when they moved each season? 6. How have Ute people used basin houses since the time of the Blue Knife site? Why might they have continued their use of basin houses? 16
Investigating an Archaic Basin House Part Three: Archaeology Archaeology Notebook You are an archaeologist. Your question is: How can investigating the Archaic basin house help us understand the Archaic people and their culture? Investigation Activities 1. Teacher-led class discussion using Footprints of Shelter (page 18). 2. Whole class review of the Footprint of the Blue Knife Basin House and the Map of the Blue Knife Basin House Site (pages 19 and 20). 3. Construct a Quadrant Map in each group (teacher will provide). 4. Complete Quadrant of the Blue Knife Basin House Site: Analyzing the Data (page 21). 5. Class discussion of data collection (teacher led). 6. Read Basin House Construction (page 22) 7. Read How an Archaeological Site is Formed (page 23). 8. Read Food For Thought (pages 24 and 25). 9. Complete Food For Thought: Analyzing the Data (page 26). Data Sources Footprints of Shelters (page 18). Footprint of the Blue Knife Basin House Site (page 19). Map of the Blue Knife Basin House Site (page 20). Basin House Construction (page 22). How an Archaeological Site is formed (page 23). Food For Thought (page 24 and 25). Word Bank archaeological site: a place where people lived and left objects behind archaeology: the scientific study of past human cultures through artifacts and sites classification: systematic arrangement in groups or categories context: the relationship artifacts have to each other and to the situation in which they are found evidence: data which are used to answer questions excavate: to uncover by digging and expose to view inference: a conclusion derived from observations observation: recognizing or noting a fact or occurrence earthfast house: a home built of lumber, set on posts in the ground; common in the American colonies in the 1600s pollen: microscopic plant remains palynology: the scientific study of pollen grains through typology and distribution 17
Footprints of Shelters Archaeological footprint of a modern house Archaeological footprint of a plank house Archaeological footprint of a tipi Archaeological footprint of a basin house 18
Footprint of the Blue Knife Basin House The Archaic people, who resided in Colorado and Utah about 5,000 years ago, lived in shelters called basin houses. Remains of basin houses have survived to the present. The remains (the footprint and artifacts) of the basin houses can be found on the ground as archaeological sites. In this part of the investigation you will study a map of the Blue Knife archaeological site. This is a real site that was excavated in Colorado in 2006. Archaeologists do not know for sure if the Archaic people who lived at this site were ancestors of the Ute people, but they may have been. This is a large archaeological site. When archaeologists studied this site, they divided it into sections and assigned a different team to each section. Today your class is a group of archaeologists, and you will study the site in teams like the archaeologists did in Colorado. The map of the site is divided into four parts or quadrants and each team will investigate one part of the site. 19
Map of the Blue Knife Basin House Site Compare this map to the picture of the excavated basin house on page 24. Notice how the north arrow in the photograph is facing to your left. The north arrow in the map below is facing a different direction. You would have to turn this map a ¼ turn to the left to align it with the photograph of the basin house. Can you see how the map of the basin house is showing you some of the same features that are visible in the photograph? 20
Name Quadrant of the Blue Knife Basin House Site: Analyzing the Data 1. Write the quadrant location you are investigating. 2. Use the circles below to put your artifacts in groups. Give each group a name and then count the artifacts. You may need more circles. Category 1 Category 2 Number of Artifacts Number of Artifacts Category 3 Category 4 Number of Artifacts Number of Artifacts 3. Show the information above (number 2) as a bar graph or pie chart. Use separate graph paper. 4. Based on your observations and your artifact groups, write down two or more ideas about how the basin house was used. 5. Observe the complete archaeological map of the Blue Knife site. Do your conclusions change after seeing the entire basin house? Do you have different ideas about how the Archaic people lived? If so, write your new conclusions. (Use another page.) 21
Basin House Construction When the Archaic people built their homes, the first step was to dig a pit 15 inches (40 centimeters) deep and 13 feet across. The Archaic people would smooth the floor to make it even and compact. Next, they would collect tree branches and secure them to the ground in post holes. 22 After the pit is dug and the main posts secured, they would tie poles at the top with plant-fiber twine or leather straps to form a cone shape. After the branch structure was secured, either brush or animal hides were draped around it to block out the sun, wind and rain. Pits were then dug both inside and outside the basin house. Many of the pits were lined with rocks and used as hearths for cooking and to provide warmth. Other may have been used to store food or
How an Archaeological Site is Formed When it was time to move, the basin pit and branch structure were left behind. Eventually, wind blew dirt and sand into the basin house, and the branch structure collapsed. Over time, more dirt covered up the entire site and the branches decayed. Many years later, archaeologists find these basin houses as outlines of large pits. The outlines are visible because a different kind of dirt filled them up after they were abandoned. Sometimes they also find small, circular stains around the edges of the basin house from decayed wood left in the post holes. None of these stains were found during excavations at the Blue Knife site. 23
Food For Thought When archaeologists uncovered the Blue Knife basin house, it was a large round pit structure about 40 centimeters deep. The archaeologists did not find the remains of any wooden posts, brush or animal skins. They think that the structure probably had a conical cone-shaped covering of animal hides, juniper branches or sagebrush. It was probably similar to historic wickiups. Inside the basin house were two pits that contained burned rocks and ash. The pits appear to have been used for cooking and heating, rather than for storing food. Both pits were lined with rocks that had been burned, and broken or worn out grinding stones. Two more pits were found outside of the basin house. One pit contained burned rock and animal bones, and the other one contained 153 burnt pinyon nut shells. Today, the nearest pinyon trees are found three miles from the Blue Knife site. Animal bones found at the site were from deer, pronghorn antelope, jackrabbit and cottontails. Most of the bones Heating pit lined with burnt rock looked like they had been crushed and cooked to get out grease and marrow. Most of the stone tools found at the Blue Knife site were simple flakes that would have been used for cutting or scraping. No arrow heads or spear points were found. A lot of debris from stone tool-making was found both inside and outside of the basin house. Blue Knife basin house after excavation with two heating pits visible. 24
Pollen Analysis Archaeologists learned what plants the Archaic people of the Blue Knife Basin House site ate by studying plant remains on stone tools. Two sets of grinding stones were found inside the basin house, and several more grinding stones were found near heating pits outside the house. Archaeologists use mild acids (such as vinegar) to wash these grinding stones and collect microscopic plant remains known as pollen. Once the pollen has been collected, it is mounted on glass slides and examined under a microscope. The researcher, or palynologist, identifies and counts the number of grains from each type of plant or tree. This information helps archaeologists learn which plants people at Blue Knife were grinding to use as food or medicine. The data shows the types of plants growing around the Blue Knife basin site when Archaic people lived there. Researchers identified pollen grains from wild grasses, tubers, raspberries, wild buckwheat, prickly pear, chokecherry, juniper, and pine trees from the basin house site. These types of pollen are from plants that bloom or ripen in late summer or early fall. In addition to the pollen, a few small fragments of sagebrush and juniper charcoal were found in the heating pits. Various types of pollen grains as seen under a microscope Grinding stones (manos) from the Blue Knife site 25
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Investigating a Basin House Part Four: Today Archaeology Notebook You are an archaeologist. Your question is: How can investigating the Archaic basin house help us understand the Archaic people and their culture? Investigation Activities 1. Discussion about the importance of the basin house today (teacher led). 2. Read Preserving Basin House Sites (page 28). Data Sources Preserving the Basin House Site by Rand Greubel (page 28). Word Bank architecture: the art and science of designing and constructing buildings or other structures preserve: to maintain intact, to protect from injury or harm 27
Preserving Basin House Sites by Rand Greubel The job of the archaeologist is to study and to preserve archaeological sites. If a site is in danger of being destroyed, an archaeologist will excavate the site. All the artifacts and other information found in the site will be recorded. If the site is not in danger, an archaeologist will often leave it alone. Protecting archaeological sites is an important part of an archaeologist s job. The Blue Knife site was excavated because a pipeline was going to be constructed right through the site. Basin house and wickiup sites were common in prehistoric times. They can be found throughout the Wyoming Basin and northwestern Colorado. It is exciting to find a basin house and know that you are seeing a campsite where people lived many years ago. For modern Native Americans these sites are important because they were the places where their ancestors lived. They provide a lasting link to the land their people have called home for thousands of years. It is important to leave wickiups and basin houses the way you found them, so other people can enjoy them in the future. Wickiup and basin house sites can teach us a lot about how people lived in the past. Sites like the Blue Knife Basin House can tell us a lot about the lives of ancient people and how they made a living in a difficult environment. By preserving these sites and the artifacts found there, the story of the people who once lived in these shelters can be told. If artifacts or other evidence disappears, the story disappears along with them. Overview of Blue Knife Basin House Site Under Excavation 28
Investigating an Archaic Basin House Assessment Archaeology Notebook You are an archaeologist. Your question is: What can we learn about the history and the culture of the Archaic people by investigating a basin house? Assessment Activities 1. Write a final composition (page 30). 2. Complete the Bringing the Past into the Future activity by drawing a present day or futuristic house based on the basin house design (page 31). Word Bank performance standard: basis for measuring your work 29
Final Composition After archaeologists investigate an archaeological site, they report their findings to other archaeologists or to the public. As a student archaeologist you will write an essay that answers the question: What can we learn about the Archaic people from an archaeological study of the basin house? Introduction In the Introduction write one paragraph. State the question: What can we learn about the Archaic people from an archaeological study of the Blue Knife basin house? In one or two complete sentences briefly list four things that can be learned about the Archaic people through the basin house. If possible, choose one idea from each of the parts of the investigation (Geography, History, Archaeology, and the Basin House Today). Body In the Body, write one paragraph for each of the four ideas listed in your Introduction. Include specific evidence from the investigation to support each of the ideas. Example: Archaeologists found lots of artifacts at the Blue Knife site. Artifacts tell what kinds of food the Archaic people ate. Animal bones and teeth show that they hunted animals for food. Grinding stones show that they ground seeds, and hearths show how they cooked meat and roasted nuts. Stone scrapers show that they scraped things like hides to make clothing or bones to get all the meat off. Conclusion In the conclusion, write one paragraph summarizing the four things that can be learned about the Archaic people from studying the Blue Knife basin house. Performance Standards Introduction My introduction states the question and includes four things that can be learned about the Archaic people by studying the basin house. Body The body of my essay contains one paragraph for each idea. The paragraph describes each idea and includes specific data or evidence. Conclusion My conclusion summarizes the four paragraphs in the body of the essay. 30
Bringing the Past Into the Future One way to honor history is to use ideas from the past to create new things in the present. For example, use ideas about basin house and wickiup structures to create buildings today. Drawing 1. Imagine you are going to build a modern or futuristic shelter. You want to use ideas from the Archaic basin house and the Ute wickiups. 2. Think back to everything you learned about the Blue Knife basin house. Think about shape, how it was made, how it was used, and about the Archaic way of life. You may also want to consider the Ute wickiup and information about the Ute way of life. 3. Draw a modern day or futuristic shelter that includes at least three ideas from the Archaic basin house or Ute way of life. 4. Label the ideas that you borrowed from what you learned about the Archaic basin house or the Ute wickiup. Performance Standards Ideas from the Archaic basin house or Ute wickiup - My drawing includes three ideas from the Archaic basin house and way of life, or from the Ute wickiup and beliefs and/or way of life. Design - My design looks like a modern shelter or a shelter of the future. Lines and Labels - I labeled all three of my ideas from the Archaic basin house or the Ute wickiup. 31