WILLAMETTE (AO91812-1) A.Mosley, D. Hane, S. James, K. Rykbost, C. Shock, S. Yilma, B. Charlton and E. Eldredge The Oregon, Idaho, and Washington Agricultural Experiment Stations and the United States Department of Agriculture will release Willamette, a new high yielding round white variety with excellent chipping qualities, in 2001 or early in 2002. Willamette, tested as AO91812-1, was selected in 1993 at Powell Butte, Oregon from a cross between NDA2031-2 and A86463-3 Russet (Figure 1) performed by J.J. Pavek, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, Idaho in 1991. Willamette was extensively tested in Oregon statewide variety trials at five locations from 1996 to 2000, and in western regional trials at several locations from 1998 to 2000. Seed was initially multiplied at the Central Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station at Powell Butte. Willamette has produced higher total yields and significantly higher yields of US No. 1 s than Atlantic under a wide range of soil and climatic conditions in Oregon Statewide and Western Regional Trials (Tables 1,5). Willamette tubers are similar in shape to those of Atlantic (Table 3; Image 1) but average slightly smaller as shown by higher yields of tubers weighing less than 4 ounces (Tables 1, 5); reduced tuber size may be due in part to later maturity. Willamette vines are medium large, vigorous and mature later than Atlantic (Tables 3,7). The Willamette canopy surface tends to have a slight blue-green cast in western Oregon trials (Image 4). Willamette flower color ranges from blue-purple violet inner corollas to light gray acumen, or petal tips (Image 2). Light sprouts (Image 3) show minimal anthocyanin. Willamette has typically shown fewer internal defects, especially brown center, hollow heart and internal brown spot, than Atlantic (Tables 2,6). The two clones show similar external defects (Tables 2,6). Willamette tubers sometimes have a pronounced folded bud end and tend to cling to stolons when harvested immature. Willamette produced lighter fry color than Atlantic from both 40 and 50 0 F storage in Oregon Statewide and Western Regional Trials (Tables 1,4); specific gravities were similar for the two clones. Willamette ranked higher than Atlantic in overall merit ratings in all three years of regional testing (Table 4). Tuber protein and vitamin C were slightly lower in Willamette than Atlantic (Table 9); Willamette also showed lower total glycoalkaloid levels. Willamette has shown more resistance to Verticillium wilt, early blight and net necrosis than Atlantic (Table 8). Atlantic and Willamette have shown similar foliar susceptibility to late blight in western Oregon but Willamette has typically been much more susceptible to blight-induced tuber decay (Table 8). Certified seed of Willamette is available from Oregon seed growers (see Oregon Seed Potato Growers' Association and Oregon Seed Potatoes). Limited quantities of in vitro and greenhouse stocks can be ordered from the Oregon Foundation Potato Seed Program.
Image 1. Tubers Image 2: Flowers Image 3: Light Sprout Image 4. Atlantic (left) and Willamette (right) at 70 days, Corvallis, Oregon. Figure 1. Pedigree for Willamette (A091812-1)
Table 1. Yield and quality characteristics of WILLAMETTE (AO91812-1) and Atlantic in Oregon Statewide Trials, 1996-2000. Yield (cwt/acre) No. US No. 1 No. 2's % Oz/ Spec. Fry Entry Location Yrs. Total 4-12 oz >12 oz Total <4 oz & Culls US No. 1 Tuber Grav. Color 1 Willamette Hermiston 5 817 497 203 700 80 38 85 7.64 1.078 44.30 Klamath Falls 5 532 372 99 470 47 15 89 ---- 1.085 42.28 Ontario 5 529 340 63 403 60 56 76 ---- 1.091 49.68 Powell Butte 5 412 213 89 302 64 46 73 6.48 1.082 45.26 Avg. - 572 355 113 469 62 39 81 7.06 1.084 45.38 Atlantic Hermiston 5 542 303 120 423 78 41 79 7.36 1.081 44.74 Klamath Falls 4 478 280 122 402 47 29 84 ---- 1.090 37.17 Ontario 5 511 276 11 388 47 65 76 ---- 1.090 48.78 Powell Butte 5 313 172 64 236 57 20 75 6.30 1.091 42.32 Avg. - 461 258 79 362 57 39 78 6.83 1.088 43.25 1/ Photovolt Reading: higher numbers = lighter color
Table 2. Physiological defects in Willamette and Atlantic in Oregon Statewide Trials, 1996-2000. No. Internal Defects 2 External Defects 3 Entry Location Years HH&BC BS VD IBS Sugar Ends GC SB ---------- % ---------- Rating Scale 4 Willamette Hermiston 5 0.0 4.4 3.6 1.0 0.0 4.5 4.9 Klamath Falls 5 5.3 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 5.0 Ontario 5 0.0 4.8 0.8 0.0 0.5 5.0 3.9 Powell Butte 5 2.5 4.7 10.2 0.0 2.3 3.9 4.5 Average - 2.0 4.7 3.7 0.3 0.7 4.5 4.6 Atlantic Hermiston 5 8.0 3.6 10.3 6.0 7.5 4.7 3.7 Klamath Falls 4 8.2 5.0 13.0 1.0 0.0 4.4 4.8 Ontario 5 0.3 5.0 2.1 0.0 14.5 4.9 3.5 Powell Butte 5 18.2 4.6 12.8 1.3 2.7 5.0 4.0 Average - 8.7 4.6 9.6 2.1 6.2 4.8 4.0 1 Locations: Hermiston, Powell Butte, Klamath Falls, Ontario (34 location years) 2 HH = Hollow Heart; BC = Brown Center; BS = Blackspot Bruise; VD = Vascular Discoloration; IBS = Internal Brown Spot 3 GC = Growth Cracks; SB = Shatter Bruise 4 Scale: 1 = Severe; 5 = None
Table 3. Morphological characteristics of Willamtte and Atlantic in Oregon Statewide Trials, 1997-2000. Years Vine Vine Tuber Degree Skin Eye Size Shape L/W Entry Size 2 Mat. 3 Shape 4 Russ. 5 Color 6 Depth 7 Unif. 8 Unif. 9 Ratio 10 Willamette 1997 2.5 4.3 1.2 1.1 2.0 3.7 3.7 3.7 0.97 1998 3.3 3.8 1.1 1.1 2.3 4.2 3.8 4.3 0.96 1999 2.0 3.9 1.7 1.4 2.0 3.8 3.1 3.3 0.96 2000 2.5 3.8 1.2 1.5 2.3 3.7 3.2 4.2 0.97 Average 2.6 4.0 1.3 1.3 2.2 3.9 3.5 3.9 1.0 Atlantic 1997 3.4 2.6 1.1 1.7 2.3 3.7 3.3 3.6 1.00 1998 3.3 2.6 1.4 2.3 2.7 4.0 3.0 3.8 1.03 1999 3.5 3.0 1.2 2.0 2.4 4.1 3.3 3.5 1.01 2000 3.4 2.5 1.2 2.3 2.6 3.8 2.9 4.0 1.02 Average 3.4 2.7 1.2 2.1 2.5 3.9 3.1 3.7 1.0 1 Locations: Hermiston, Powell Butte, Klamath Falls, Ontario (34 location years) 2 Vine Size: 1 = Large; 5 = Small 3 Vine Maturity: 1 = Early; 5 = Late 4 Tuber Shape: 1 = Round; 5 = Long, Narrow 5 Russeting: 1 = Light; 5 = Heavy 6 Skin Color: 2 = White; 3 = Buff; 4 = Brown; 5 = Dk. Brown 7 Eye Depth: 1 = Deep; 2 = Shallow 8 Size Uniformity: 1 = Poor; 3 = Fair; 5 = Excellent 9 Shape Uniformity: 1 = Poor; 3 = Fair; 5 = Excellent 10 Length to Width Ratio: 1 = Round; 2 = Long, Skinny
Table 4. Average chip color, merit rating and sugar ends for Willamette and Atlantic over 3 years and 7 locations (21 location-years), Western Regional Chipping Trial, 1998-2000. Sugar Clone Year Chip 40 1 Chip 50 1 Merit 2 Ends, % Willamette 1998 2.8 1.5 3.7 1999 4.2 1.5 3.8 1.0 2000 3.4 1.3 3.8 4.0 Average 3.5 1.4 3.8 2.5 Atlantic 1998 3.1 2.0 2.8 1999 4.0 1.5 2.7 22.0 2000 3.7 1.4 2.5 14.0 Average 3.6 1.6 2.7 18.0 1 Color readings based on Snack food Association Chip color Standards (1-5; 5 = darkest) from 40 o F and 50 o F storage. 2 Higher numbers = greater merit. Table 5. Average yield and quality characteristics of Willamette and Atlantic in Western Regional Trials, 1998-2000 1. Yield (cwt/acre) US No. 1 No. 2's & % Oz./ Spec. Entry Year Total 4-12 oz >12 oz Total Culls <4 oz US No. 1 Tuber Grav. Willamette 1998 531 355 93 441 27 121 83 6.2 1.083 1999 561 309 160 469 17 75 84 6.1 1.079 2000 532 369 115 429 53 53 79 7.3 1.089 Avg. 541 344 123 446 32 83 82 6.5 1.084 Atlantic 1998 385 290 71 295 30 90 77 5.3 1.083 1999 519 312 107 419 32 68 81 5.7 1.087 2000 458 234 147 381 28 49 82 6.1 1.083 Avg. 454 279 108 365 30 69 80 5.7 1.084 1 Locations: California, Colorado, Idaho, Oregon (2 sites), Texas, Washington
Table 6. Physiological defects of Willamette and Atlantic in Western Regional Trials, 1998-2000 1. Internal Defects 2 External Defects 3 Entry Year HH & BC IBS BS SC GC SB ------- % ------- -- Scale 4 -- ------------ Scale 5 ------------ Willamette 1998 3.0 1.0 4.3 4.0 4.8 4.5 1999 0.6 0.0 3.6 4.6 4.9 4.0 2000 1.6 0.0 3.1 3.5 4.6 3.6 Avg. 1.7 0.3 3.7 4.0 4.8 4.0 Atlantic 1998 16.3 5.0 4.0 4.2 4.3 3.9 1999 14.4 1.9 3.9 4.6 4.8 3.2 2000 15.0 2.3 3.7 3.3 4.9 3.3 Avg. 15.2 3.1 3.9 4.0 4.7 3.5 1 Locations: California, Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Texas, Washington 2 HH = Hollow Heart; BC = Brown Center; IBS = Internal Brown Spot; BS = Blackspot Bruise 3 SC = Scab; GC = Growth Cracks; SB = Shatter Bruise 4 Scale: 1 = poor, 5 = best 5 Scale: 1 = severe, 5 = none
Table 7. Morphological characteristics of Willamette and Atlantic in Western Regional Trials, 1998-2000 1. Vine Vine Tuber Entry Year Size 2 Mat. 3 Shape 4 Willamette 1998 L M/LT 1.7 1999 L V/LT 1.8 2000 M M/LT 1.6 Avg. L M/LT 1.7 Atlantic 1998 M M 1.3 1999 M M/E 1.2 2000 M M/E 1.4 Avg. M M/E 1.3 1 Locations: California, Colorado, Idaho, Oregon (2 sites), Texas, Washington 2 Vine Size: Small, -Large 3 Vine Maturity: Early- Late 4 Tuber Shape: 1.0 = round, 5.0 = long, narrow
Table 8. Disease reactions for Willamette and Atlantic in Western Regional Trials, 1998 2000 1. Vert. Early Late Blight Common PLRV, Erwinia Entry Year Wilt Blight Foliar 2 Tuber 3 Scab, % Foliar % Soft Rot 4 0-9 (Sev.) 0-9 (Sev.) 0-9 (Sev.) % 0-5 Willamette 1999 2.4 6.7 2.5 10.0 2.0 2.8 2.2 2000 0.4 2.0 9.0 38.0 34.0 0.0 3.2 Average 1.4 4.4 5.8 24.0 18.0 1.4 2.7 Atlantic 1999 3.7 6.7 6.5 0.0 4.0 1.9 2000 6.7 6.2 9.0 3.0 9.0 13.0 2.6 Average 5.2 6.5 7.8 1.5 6.5 13.0 2.3 1 Disease reaction data courtesy D. Corsini, ARS/USDA, Aberdeen, Idaho. 2 0 =none, 9 foliage 100% dead. Evaluations at Corvallis, OR by A. Mosley 3 % Tuber Infection. Evaluations at Corvallis, OR by A. Mosley. 4 0=none, 5 = severe symptoms.
Table 9. Relative tuber composition of Willamette and Atlantic at Aberdeen, ID 1. % DWB Mg/100g FWB Entry Year % Oven Dried Solids Dextrose Sucrose Protein Vitamin C Total Glycoalkaloids Willamette 1998 22.62 0.030 0.19 6.56 15.20 5.11 1999 24.80 0.020 0.23 5.40 18.70 2.20 2000 24.20 0.010 0.22 5.40 15.40 2.00 Avg. 23.87 0.020 0.21 5.79 16.43 3.10 Atlantic 1998 22.74 0.040 0.15 6.70 19.29 7.68 1999 25.60 0.020 0.21 5.60 23.70 6.20 2000 23.70 0.010 0.16 5.90 22.20 6.50 Avg. 24.01 0.023 0.17 6.07 21.73 6.79 1 Data courtesy S. Love, University of Idaho, Aberdeen.