1 2 3 Transplantation and Adaptation 1600 1685 The French in North America How did the French use Indian alliances to create their North American empire? The Dutch Overseas Empire How significant was New Netherland as part of the Dutch global empire? English Settlement in the Chesapeake Why did the English have such difficulties establishing colonies in the Chesapeake? Transplantation and Adaptation 1600 1685 The Founding of New England Why were the English colonies in New England so different from those in the Chesapeake? Competition in the Caribbean Why did the first biracial colonial societies appear in the Caribbean? The Restoration Colonies How influential were the ideas of the different proprietors of the Restoration colonies in shaping the development of their settlements? 4 5 6 Video Series: Key Topics in U.S. History Beginnings of English Colonial Societies: 1607 1660 The Chesapeake New England Jamestown The French in North America The Quest for Furs and Converts The Development of New France The Quest for Furs and Converts 1
The trade in beaver pelts and fish stimulated the founding of the colony of New France Samuel de Champlain Quebec 1608 Coureurs de bois trade with Indians 7 8 The Development of New France King Louis XIV Greater commitment to colonization Population growth slow About 15,000 in 1700 Many indentured servants 9 10 11 12 The Dutch Overseas Empire The Dutch East India Company The West India Company and New Netherland The Dutch East India Company By 1600, the Dutch were the leading European economic power The Dutch East India Company Especially strong in Southeast Asia and along the African coast 13 The West India Company and New Netherland The Dutch established the West India Company to expand into the Americas New Netherland Present-day New York Population growth was slow Very diverse population 2
Very diverse population Including Quakers 14 15 English Settlement in the Chesapeake The Ordeal of Early Virginia The Importance of Tobacco Maryland: A Refuge for Catholics Life in the Chesapeake Colonies The Ordeal of Early Virginia Sponsored by the Virginia Company, a joint-stock company Jamestown colony was founded in 1607 Established a headright system of landholding House of Burgesses 1619 Relations with Powhatan and Opechancanough 16 17 18 The Importance of Tobacco Tobacco Grown from 1610 Exports grew to 15 million pounds per year by 1669 Indentured servants 19 20 21 22 23 Maryland: A Refuge for Catholics Founded in 1632 as a proprietary colony George Calvert, Lord Baltimore Calvert was Catholic Most colonists were Protestants Life in the Chesapeake Colonies Large numbers of indentured servants 3
Large numbers of indentured servants Population remained young Gender imbalance Difficult living conditions High infant mortality rate 24 25 26 27 The Founding of New England The Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony Massachusetts Bay Colony and Its Offshoots Families, Farms, and Communities in Early New England Explore English Colonization on MyHistoryLab The Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony Plymouth Colony Founded 1620 Puritans wanted to reform the Anglican Church Separatists left England One group left England for Holland: Pilgrims Left Holland on the Mayflower in 1620 Arrived at Plymouth Massachusetts Bay Colony and Its Offshoots Massachusetts Bay Founded by Puritans, but not separatists John Winthrop - Notion of a covenant Connecticut Valley Conflict with Indians led to Pequot War Roger Williams Founded Rhode Island following religious conflict Joined by Anne Hutchinson 28 29 Families, Farms, and Communities in Early New England Family farms common 4
Family farms common More diversified agriculture Population grew rapidly Towns more common than in other colonies Fishing important 30 31 Competition in the Caribbean Sugar and Slaves A Biracial Society Sugar and Slaves Sugar brought by Columbus from 1493 Initially plantations used indentured servants Tied to slave labor by 1700 32 33 34 A Biracial Society Slavery established by 1700 Slave codes defined distinctions between slave and free Some elements of African traditions retained The Restoration Colonies Early Carolina: Colonial Aristocracy and Slave Labor Pennsylvania: The Dream of Toleration and Peace New Netherland Becomes New York 35 36 Early Carolina: Colonial Aristocracy and Slave Labor 1663 Charles II granted proprietors land Many planters from Barbados Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina John Locke advised Plans overturned by settlers Rice introduced Slavery followed 37 5
38 39 Pennsylvania: The Dream of Toleration and Peace William Penn Society of Friends Quakers Frame of Government Religious freedom Governor and council New Netherland Becomes New York Anglo-Dutch wars 1652 1654, 1665 1667 Dutch governor ceded colony Duke of York Assembly created in 1683 40 41 Conclusion During the seventeenth century, France, the Netherlands, and England competed for colonies in North America. Distinctions between their colonies eventually led to regional differences in the colonies and then the states. The planting of French, Dutch, and English colonies ended Spain s monopoly of settlement in North America and strongly challenged the Indians hold on the continent. 6