Influence of Valor Timing and Rate on Dry Bean Injury at Scottsbluff, Nebraska during the Growing Season. Robert Wilson A field study was initiated near Scottsbluff, Nebraska to examine the influence of different application timings and rates of Valor on early season dry bean injury. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Plots were feet wide by feet long and were located on a sandy loam soil with a ph of 8. and organic matter content of.2%. Herbicides were applied on nine different dates; three before bean planting and six after planting. Valor was applied at two rates lb/acre which is equivalent to.5 ounces of product per acre and which is equivalent to 3 ounces of product per acre. Valor was applied to six different market classes of dry beans: Great Northern Marquis, small red, black Shania, pinto Poncho, yellow Enola, and lightred kidney Pink Panther. Beans were planted on June with a Monosum vacuum planter calibrated to plant, seeds per acre and seeds were planted.5 inches deep in rows spaced inches apart. Herbicide was applied with a backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 2 gallons of spray solution per acre at psi pressure using Spraying Systems nozzles. Environment conditions and rainfall before and after planting are presented in Table. Environment conditions before and after planting were cool and wet with.5 inches of rain occurring over a day period before planting and 3.3 inches of rain occurring over a day period after planting. Dry beans began cracking the soil surface days after planting. Dry bean emergence days after planting was 8, 3, 8,, 83, and 82% for Great Northern, small red, lightred kidney, pinto, black, and yellow, respectively in nontreated areas of the study (Table 2). Dry bean final stands were affected by Valor with the degree of stand related to Valor timing and market class. Several hours after planting. inches of rain was received, which was also day after Valor was applied (DBP), dry bean stands were reduced from the day before planting Valor timing. Dry bean stand s fell when Valor was applied and 2 days after planting and then increased when Valor was applied 5, 6, and days after planting. The least amount of stand occurred when Valor was applied days before planting and and 2 days after planting. Dry bean stand was greatest for Great Northern, black, and pinto market classes, intermediate for small reds, and least for lightred kidneys and yellow market classes. Dry bean visual injury was recorded on July and was influenced by market class and Valor timing (Table 3). The greatest amount of injury occurred when Valor was applied days after planting and at the time dry beans were cracking the soil surface. Crop injury for Great Northern and small red beans also occurred when Valor was applied 2 days after planting and for black and pinto beans when Valor was applied 6 days after planting. Visual injury was reduced with lightred kidneys compared to the other market classes. Weed control was evaluated on July by counting weeds in a 5 sq ft area in the center of each plot. Common lambsquarters was the most prevalent weed in the plot area with a density of over 4 plants per 5 sq ft. There was a trend for common lambsquarters control to increase the later in the season Valor was applied (Table 4). Valor applied days before
planting averaged 4% common lambsquarters control on July while Valor applied day after planting provided 85% control, and Valor applied days after planting controlled % of the common lambsquarters population. The results from this experiment suggest that applying Valor days before planting or to 2 days after planting reduces the potential for crop injury. Rainfall of over an inch after applying Valor can cause crop injury and applying Valor when the bean plant is cracking the soil surface can also result in crop injury. The injury to dry beans varies with market class with yellow and lightred kidney beans more tolerant of Valor than Great Northern or black beans.
Table. Environmental Conditions at the Time of Herbicide Application. Date Air temperature Humidity Wind speed & direction Time of day Application Dry bean growth stage (F) (%) (mph) May 6 2 SW : PM DBP June 5 6 5 3 SE 3: PM June 4 NW 2: PM June Planted beans June 6 6 4 SE : PM June 52 5 NW : PM June 53 2 2: PM June 6 62 62 5 NW 8: AM June 62 6 5: AM June 64 6 6 NW : AM Beans cracking the soil Rainfall following herbicide application. Date Amount inches Application Date Amount inches Application May May June June 2 June 3 June 4 June 5 June June 8 June June.42.4.6.....6. DBP Beans planted June June June June June June 6 June June June June 2 June..5.63.4.5.2.3
Table 2. Influence of Valor Timing and Rate on the Stand of Different Market Classes of Dry Beans during the Growing Season. Herbicide Rate Application GN GN GN 2 DAP Red Red Red DAP Black Black Black DAP lb/acre (plants/ ft of row) 4 4 4 6 5 4 46 46 53 6 5 Prowl H2O + Outlook.5+.65 4 DBP DBP 4 2 3 52 4 3 56 43 2 3 3 43 43 4 3 52 3 6 5 2 6 3 6 6 5 46 2 2 6 3 5 8 LSD at (.5) 2 6
Table 2. Influence of Valor Timing and Rate on the Stand of Different Market Classes of Dry Beans during the Growing Season Continued. Herbicide Rate Application Pinto Pinto Pinto DAP Yellow Yellow Yellow DAP LRK LRK LRK DAP lb/acre (plants/ ft of row) 65 6 2 Prowl H O + Outlook.5+.65 6 6 DBP DBP 3 5 5 3 2 62 54 3 3 3 3 8 5 52 2 2 5 3 6 8 64 3 2 4 LSD at (.5) 2 6 Application timings: days before planting (DBP) and days after planting (DAP). 2 Dry bean market classes and variety: Great Northern Marquis (GN), small red (Red), black Shania (Black), pinto Poncho (Pinto), yellow Enola (Yellow), and lightred kidney Pink Panther (LRK).
Table 3. Influence of Valor Timing and Rate on Visual Dry Bean Injury during the Growing Season. 2 Herbicide Rate Application GN Red Black Pinto Yellow LRK (lb/acre) (%) 2. Prowl H2O + Outlook.5 +.65 5...8.5..4 DBP DBP.8.8..8.5 5. 5.8.5 5...8 8.3.3.8 2. 2..8..5.8.5..8.. 4.5.5..8 5..8 2. 5..8. 5DAP.5.5 4.5..3.5 8.3 8.3...5..5.3.5 5..8.. 2.. 2...3.3.8.5.8.8..3 6.5 6..3 4. LSD at (.5) 8 Application timings: days before planting (DBP) and days after planting (DAP). 2 Dry bean market classes and variety: Great Northern Marquis (GN), small red (Red), black Shania (Black), pinto Poncho (Pinto), yellow Enola (Yellow), and lightred kidney Pink Panther (LRK). Injury evaluated on July.
Table 4. Influence of Valor Timing and Rate on Weed Control in Dry Beans during the Growing Season. Weed control July Herbicide Rate Application Common lambsquarters Redroot pigweed Hairy nightshade Average weed control (lb/acre) (%) Prowl H2O + Outlook.5 +.65 64 8 84 DBP DBP 4 5 6 6 62 6 3 88 5 8 8 82 8 86 85 8 65 65 83 8 82 8 83 84 8 3 88 3 2 3 2 2 8 85 8 2 8 5 4 LSD at (.5) 5 Application timings: days before planting (DBP) and days after planting (DAP).