Confectionary sunflower A new breeding program Sun Yue (Jenny)
Sunflower in Australia Oilseed: vegetable oil, margarine Canola, cotton seeds account for >90% of oilseed production Sunflower less competitive (poor reliability of supply) 2000 1500 1000 500 0 oilseed production ('000 tonnes) (AOF 2005) canola sunflower soybean cottonseed 2004/05 2003/04 2002/03 2001/02 2000/01
Sunflower in Australia Non oilseed (accounts for <10% of sunflower production) Birdfeed, stock feed, confectionary for human consumption Limited domestic market
Chinese market for snack sunflower 100 Australia and Chinese sunflower industry comparison Chinese non-oilseed sunflower Percentage 80 60 40 20 0 Australia China Australia China Australia China sanck seed 80% dehulled seed 20% oilseed non-oilseed In 2002, Chinese snack sunflower production was 800.000 tonnes Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 Australian Sunflower production (tonne) 70,000 25,000 58,000 69,000 (FAO Stat 2006)
Chinese market for snack sunflower In China, sunflower seeds are the most popular snack
Chinese market for snack sunflower Snack sunflower seeds can be purchased everywhere in China
Opportunity for Australia In China, during winter off-season, there is a short-fall of supply Export sunflower
Opportunity for Australia Challenge Seed length Chinese market requires seed > 20 mm Chinese snack sunflower seeds HA89 Hysun 33 ~30 mm 9~10mm
Opportunity for Australia Challenge Seed length Improve available large seed germplasm Current large seed sunflower germplasm usually have: Low transpiration efficiency Rust susceptible Low self compatibility Poor adaptation to Australian environments High transpiration efficiency For irrigated crops reduce water needed For dry land crops increase drought tolerance
Project outline Objective Breed new confectionary sunflower germplasm Project plan Understand the inheritance of seed length and environment effect (eg. Temperature ) QTL analysis of seed length and other target traits Breed A, B and R-lines for making confectionary sunflower hybrids
Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm Genetics inheritance of seed length Male parent Female parents X X X F1 seeds It is difficult to breed hybrids with the long seed trait.
Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm Genetics inheritance of seed length Diallel crossing strategy Analysis of F1 seed length Preliminary estimate of dominance effect Existence of heterosis Large seed sunflower lines 16~23 mm Small seed sunflower lines 9~11 mm
Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm Genetics inheritance of seed length Analysis of F1 seed length General Combining Ability (GCA) -- average performance of a line in hybrid combination additive effect Specific Combining Ability (SCA) -- better or worse performance in certain combinations based on GCA of lines involved additive effect Griffing s model Ⅰ(fixed lines): Xij= u 0 +g i +g j +s ij +r ij +е ijk
Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm Genetics inheritance of seed length Analysis of F2 seed length All large seed lines x one small seed line Analyze F2 seed length distribution Normal distribution YES NO Many genes involved in seed length expression Frequency 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Seed length One or two major peaks 1 or 2 major genes
Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm Genetic inheritance of seed length Analysis of F2 seed length F2 seed length distribution Frequency 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 12, 39 11, 35 13, 34 10, 20 14, 15 9, 11 15, 11 Normal distribution Polygenic system Skew towards small seed large seed recessive 5 0 8, 1 Mid-parent value 16, 1 17 18 19 20
Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm QTL analysis of seed length Discover the number of genomic regions controlling seed length Identify DNA markers closed linked to these regions Segregating population DNA markers Linkage map QTL Genotype and phenotype association QTL location DNA markers
Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm QTL analysis and association with other traits Traits Self compatibility Oil content Rust resistance Transpiration efficiency (TE) DNA markers Linkage of different traits LG1 LG2 LG3 - - - - LG17 Rust susceptible Long seed Sunflower linkage map
Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm Genetic inheritance of seed length Average gene action of seed length Best lines for breeding program QTL analysis of target traits The number of genomic regions controlling target traits DNA markers useful as selection markers in breeding process
Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm Sources of favorable traits High transpiration efficiency: - UQ materials developed in previous GRDC project. Rust resistance, high self compatibility - UQ materials + various sources
Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm Breeding process Breeding A, B and R-lines, and incorporate the following favorable traits: large seed length high transpiration efficiency rust resistant high self compatibility
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Supervisors: Chris Lambrides Ian Godwin Collaborators: Greg Wallwork Ian Haak Sponsors: Lefroy Seed Hylan Seed UQ