Citrus diversity, their characterization and evaluation in Nepal
|
|
- Philip Beasley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Advances of Horticulture Research in Nepal Proceeding of the Forth National Workshop on Horticulture: Pp: 6-: 4 Eds: B.B. Khatri, B.P. Sharma, P.P. Khatiwada, K.P. Paudyal, B.R. Khadge, and H. N. Regmi Citrus diversity, their characterization and evaluation in Nepal K. Budathoki, H. N. Regmi, N. G. Pradhan and T. P. Gotame Horticulture Research Division, Khumaltar And K. P. Poudyal Citrus Research Program, Dhankuta Abstract Eco-geographic survey to identify the highest diversity areas of citrus genotype was conducted during to 3 in four hill Districts of Nepal. The study also included the characterization, evaluation and quality assessment of fruit genotypes that were identified in diversity areas. Fifteen hill citrus genotypes from different villages were characterized and evaluated. It was found that some of local landraces of mandarin orange ( and ) of Banskharka-, Banskharka-, Parbat District. Sweet orange ( ) of Birauta, Dedeldhura District and of Ratnachura-, District have been found as having high commercial value and these genotypes could immediately be recommended for commercial farming. Key Words: Citrus, Characterization, diversity, evaluation, genotype Introduction Citrus is the important cash crops for the hill farmers of Nepal. The total area under citrus, production and productivity of citrus are 43 hectare, 398 metric ton and.4 ton per hectare (CDP, ). Studies conducted so far under Horticultural Development Project during 985-9, and (Verma 999), to exploit the local germplasm depicts that there is a lot of genetic diversity in citrus in terms of maturing time and fruit quality. Good strains of mandarin and sweet oranges have been identified and maintained at Horticulture Center, Kirtipur; NCRP, Paripatle, Dhankuta and ARS Horticulture, Dailekh. Most of the commercial cultivars of citrus grown by farmers are the selection from indigenous germplasm (Kaini, 994). Many local cultivars of lime and lemon are also indigenous to mid-hills of Nepal and are also popular in neighbouring countries (Verma, 999). These cultivars are better than exotic cultivars in many desirable traits. Studies conducted to exploit diversity of pummelo indicate that rich diversity in terms of ripening time and good quality fruits have been reported in Morang Districts (Terai region) and Baglung District (Mid-hill) of Nepal (Paudyal, 998). However, the work for the development of lime and lemon is quite inadequate. Although genetic diversity of citrus has got immense potentiality to raise the quality fruit production and productivity, the conservation and use of these genotypes have not yet been carried out in depth. In absence of identification, conservation and utilization of indigenous citrus genotypes, the losses of such valuable genotypes will occur and continues to occur. Therefore, identification of elite valuable genotypes, their proper use and conservation of these valuable unique resources are essential to increase quality production for internal consumption as
2 well as for export markets. In the view of these problems, this project has been designed to address these problems. This will explore the opportunities of these genotypes for the benefit of large number of farmers, market and consumers thereby reduce poverty and enhance food security in the rural areas in the country. Materials and Methods This study consisted of field survey of diversity villages and laboratory analysis. Field survey was carried out by using participatory rural appraisal (PRA) to assess the genetic diversity. Genetic diversity was studied by using IPGRI produced citrus descriptors. Discussion with focus group, interview with individual fruit growers and in situ observation of orchards, fruit tree and fruits were also carried out in each site. Secondary information were collected from Directorate of Fruit Crop Development Programme, Kirtipur, Citrus Crop Section, Kirtipur, Department of Agriculture Development, Harihar Bhawan, National Citrus Research Programme, Dhankuta, concerned District Agriculture Development Officer, RARS Tarahara and Parwanipur and ARS Dailekh to identify high citrus diversities districts and villages. A total of 5 diversity sites for citrus were identified. These sites have different climate, due to variation in altitude, latitude and longitude. Laboratory analysis was undertaken for quality assessment of the fruits collected from thses orchards. These quality parameters were TSS, T/A ratio, juice content, pulp coor, seed number and taste, pulp firmness, texture and number of segments. During field survey, elite plants with valuable traits were selected and these trees were marked with code number by using colored enamel paints for future identification. Result and Discussions Citrus diversity and site identification Fifteen high citrus density villages from four Districts were identified (Table-), with the help of secondary information received from concerned agencies as described in methodology. The sites, which were selected, were also visited by the team and survey was made to collect the necessary information related to diversity of the citrus (Table-). Germplasm evaluation and characterization A total of 5 genotypes of local mausambi, local junar, local suntala, local kamala and local lime from fifteen villages of four districts were characterized and evaluated (Table- and 3). and kamala come under mandarin and farmers at Banskharka call kamala for the best suntala. and local mousambi are sweet orange. The major traits evaluated and characterized were as follows. Maturity, yield, fruit weight, and tree vigour. Taste, TSS, segments number, and seed number. Fruit surface, spine density. Fruit shape, pulp colour and peel colour. The details are presented from Table- to 5.
3 Table : Major citrus diversity sites identified. SN Location District Elevation (masl) Latitude Longitude Amargadhi-6, Pokhare Amargadhi-3, Kateuda Amargadhi-3, Birauta Amargadhi-, Sarkiya ' Amargadhi-3, Birauta 6 9 6' Putalibazar-, Karendanda Putalibazar-3, Mayatari Dahathum-, Dahathum Putalibazar-3, Karendanda Banskharka-3, Banskhark Parbat Banskharka-3, Banskhark Parbat Banskharka-, Banskhark Parbat Banskharka-, Banskhark Parbat Banskharka-3, Banskhark Parbat Banskharka-3, Banskhark Parbat Banskharka-, Banskhark Parbat Banskharka-3, Banskhark Parbat Banskharka-3, Banskhark Parbat Banskharka-3, Banskhark Parbat Ratnachura-, Bijayachhap Ratnachura-, Nayakhark Basheswora, Nakajoli ' Table : Number of citrus species characterized in different locations S.N District Location Accession Citrus Species selected Lime Mandarin Parbat Banskharka 4 4 Karendanda 3 3 Ratnachaur Basewor-6 4 Pokhare Koteuda Birauta Total Maturity, yield and fruit weight Five genotypes of and i.e. mandarin were found as mid-season maturing from Mansir to Poush mainly from Banskhark, Karendada and Dahathum. However, and from Banskhark of Parbat District were of excellent quality. Similarly, 8 local mousami i.e. sweet orange from Pokhare, Koteuda and Birauta from district were found late maturing from Chaitra to Jestha as an off-season sweet orange fruit. Similarly, two genotypes of
4 hill lime were found as all season beares from Basewor, Sidhuli and Karendada, district. Similarly, from Ratnachaur and Basewor was found identified as mid-season maturity Regarding Yield and fruit weight, the highest yield of 5-55 fruits per tree was recorded from Banshkharka- mandarin and lowest (8-) in Banshkharka- mandarin. Similarly, the highest fruit weight of -5 g was recorded for local- Pokhere, district and lowest in lime (5-7 g) (Table 3) from Karenidada and District. Accession Name lime Kalami Biju Table 3: The valuable traits of selected elite genotypes of citrus species. Location Maturity Yield no of Weight per Tree vigor fruit per tree fruit (gm.) Banskharka-, Medium 8-8- Intermediate Magh-Falgun Banskharka-, Medium High Magh-Falgun Banskharka-3, Medium High Magh-Falgun Banskharka-3, Medium Medium Mangsir-Poush Karendanda, Medium 5 - High Mangsir-Poush Karendanda, All round year 5-7 High spreading Dahathum-, Medium High spreading Mangsir-Poush Ratnachura-, Medium Intermediate Mansir-Falgun spreading Ratnachura-7, Medium, High spreading Mansir-Falgun Baseswor-6, All round year -5 High spreading Pokhere, Off-season Intermediate Pokhere, Off-season High Koteuda, Off-season 3 9- High Koteuda, Off-season 3 5- Intermediate Birauta Off-season High TSS, Number of seeds and number of segment per fruit. The result shows that the of Banskharka had that highest TSS, lowest segment number and lowest seed numbers per fruit among the mandarin group. Similarly, Kalmi had highest TSS and Biju had lowest seed numbers per fruit among the sweet orange group. However, local mousami fruit from Koteuda contained higher number seeds
5 followed by mousami from Pokhare (Table-4). The numbers of segments per fruit ranges from 5-9 to - except lime. The result further shows that lesser the segment numbers, the thicker the segment, and hence more pulp in the fruit. Accession Name lime Kalami Biju Table 4: The valuable traits of selected elite genotypes of citrus species. Location Taste TSS No. of No. of segments seeds Banskharka- High sweet, pleasant, , strong aroma Banskharka- High, sweet pleasant, 7-9 -, strong aroma Banskharka- High sweet pleasant , Banskharka- High sweet pleasant , Karendanda, High, very sweet, pleasant Karendanda, High, pleasant aroma, acidic Dahathum-, High, tasty pleasant, strong aroma Ratnachura-, High, very sweet Ratnachura-7, Very high sweet Baseswor-6, Very high sweet Pokhere, Medium, very sweet.8 Pokhere, High, Very sweet 3. 6 Koteuda, High, sweet.3 3 Koteuda, Less juicy, sweet.3 Birauta High, very sweet 3. 9 Fruit Shape, spine density, surface texture pulp and peel color. Observation showed that five citrus fruits were obloid shaped, 6 were spheroid, were Ellipsoid and one was round. In case of spine density, 6 genotypes had low spines and five genotypes were without spines. It was also noticed that fruits surface of 9 genotypes had smooth tight, 3 had rough and tight skin, genotypes had rough and loose skin and one genotype had smooth and loose skin (Table 5).
6 Similarly, It was observed that 5 genotypes had fruits with dark yellow colour and 5 genotypes were found to have orange red (Table 5). Accession Name lime Kalami Biju Table 5: The valuable traits of selected elite genotypes of citrus species. Location Fruit Spine Peel Pulp Fruit Shape surface density color colour texture Banskharka-, Banskharka-, Banskharka-3, Banskharka-3, Karendanda, Karendanda, Dahathum-, Ratnachura-, Ratnachura-7, Baseswor-6, Pokhere, Pokhere, Koteuda, Koteuda, Birauta tight Loose Low Dark yellow Yellow Obloid, Fruit base-concave Fruit apex-round, Absent Orange Red Obloid necked & red truncate depressed Absent Orange Orange Obloid, truncate red depressed Low Orange orange Obloid, truncate red High White Round Absent Yellow Orange Pyriform, Fruit baseconvex Fruit apex-depressed, Absent Orange red Obloid Low Yellow Spheroid, concave, rounded Absent Yellow Spheroid, concave, rounded Low- Yellow Spheroid, concave, Absent red rounded Low- Dark Spheroid, concave, Medium yellow rounded High Dark Spheroid, concave, yellow rounded Low Dark Spheroid, convex and yellow depressed Medium Dark Ellipsoid, truncate, yellow rounded Low Dark Ellipsoid, truncate, yellow Conclusion The following local genotypes of suntala, kamala, mousami, junar and bahramase kagati had excellent fruit quality interms of fruit yield, maturity, fruit size, peel colour, pulp colour, taste, absence of albino (white layers in pulp and segments) in pulp or segments and low seed numbers in fruit which are preferred by producer, marketers and consumers.
7 Hence, these genotypes had high, commercial, economical and social values, which should be released and recommended for large scale cultivation as quick as possible. Mousambi from are produced from Chaitra to Jestha, which is an off-season month for this fruit in Nepal and India. These genotypes are: Mousambi from Birauta, District and from Banskhark and Parbat Districts. Kagati from Karendada and Baseswor, and Districts respectively. References CDP, : Annual Report of citrus crops, Citrus Development Section, Kritipur, His Majesty Government of Nepal. Kaini, B. R. (994). Status of fruit plant genetic resources in Nepal. In: Plant Genetic Resources Nepalese Prospective. Proc. National Workshop on Plant Genetic Resources Conservation, Use and Management, organized by NARC at Kathmandu, Nov. 8- Dec., 994. NARC, 3. Final Report, IPGRI-ADB-TFT Project on Conservation and Use of Mango and Citrus Species Biodiversity in Nepal. Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NRAC), Singha Durbar Plaza, Kathmandu, Nepal. Paudyal, K. P. 998: Evaluation of genetic diversity of pummelo in Nepal and improvement of propagation technique (Ph. D. Thesis). Submitted to Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Development of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southampton. Verma, S. K. 999: A brief introduction to Horticultural Development Project. In: Annual Report (998/99), Horticulture Development Follow-up Program, Kritipur, Nepal.
Study of Fruit Diversity and Selection of Elite Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) Genotypes in Nepal
American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2012, 3, 1098-1104 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2012.38132 Published Online August 2012 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ajps) Study of Fruit Diversity and Selection
More informationCorresponding author: Ornella K Sangma
Occurrence of Gymnopetalum cochinchinense (Lour.) Kurz. (Apolka) in Garo Hills of Meghalaya, India Ornella K Sangma 1, Arindam Barman 2, Chinky M Marak 3 and Cheana S Sangma 4 1 PG Scholar, Department
More informationSELECTION STUDIES ON FIG IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY
Pak. J. Boti., 37(3): 567-574, 2005. SELECTION STUDIES ON FIG IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY A. AYTEKİN POLAT 1 AND MELİSA ÖZKAYA 2 1 Professor of Pomology and Corresponding Author; University of
More informationStudies on the performance of different genotypes of cauliflower grown in plains and higher altitude of Kerala
Available online at www.ilns.pl International Letters of Natural Sciences 1 (214) 25-32 ISSN 23-9675 Studies on the performance of different genotypes of cauliflower grown in plains and higher altitude
More informationEconomic Role of Maize in Thailand
Economic Role of Maize in Thailand Hnin Ei Win Center for Applied Economics Research Thailand INTRODUCTION Maize is an important agricultural product in Thailand which is being used for both food and feed
More informationECONOMICS OF COCONUT PRODUCTS AN ANALYTICAL STUDY. Coconut is an important tree crop with diverse end-uses, grown in many states of India.
ECONOMICS OF COCONUT PRODUCTS AN ANALYTICAL STUDY Introduction Coconut is an important tree crop with diverse end-uses, grown in many states of India. Coconut palm is the benevolent provider of the basic
More informationANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF MAIZE CULTIVATED AREA AND PRODUCTION IN ROMANIA
ANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF MAIZE CULTIVATED AREA AND PRODUCTION IN ROMANIA Agatha POPESCU University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, 59 Marasti, District
More information2. The proposal has been sent to the Virtual Screening Committee (VSC) for evaluation and will be examined by the Executive Board in September 2008.
WP Board 1052/08 International Coffee Organization Organización Internacional del Café Organização Internacional do Café Organisation Internationale du Café 20 August 2008 English only Projects/Common
More informationIDENTIFICATION OF BEST CULTIVAR OF BLACK NIGHTSHADE
IDENTIFICATION OF BEST CULTIVAR OF BLACK NIGHTSHADE NAME: MAOSA JUDITH MORAA ADM NO. :A22/0092/2007 SUPERVISOR: Dr. NJOROGE K. INTRODUCTION There is need to increase annual productivity of indigenous vegetables
More informationBig Data and the Productivity Challenge for Wine Grapes. Nick Dokoozlian Agricultural Outlook Forum February
Big Data and the Productivity Challenge for Wine Grapes Nick Dokoozlian Agricultural Outlook Forum February 2016 0 Big Data and the Productivity Challenge for Wine Grapes Outline Current production challenges
More informationVariation of Physiochemical Components of Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) Fruits at Different Sides of the Tree in Nepal
American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2012, 3, 1688-1692 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2012.312206 Published Online December 2012 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ajps) Variation of Physiochemical Components
More informationORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION OF RECIPES BASED ON DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF MAIZE
Ind. J. Extn. Educ. & R.D. 22 : 141-145, 2014 ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION OF RECIPES BASED ON DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF MAIZE Deepika* and Shashi Jain** ABSTRACT Among the food grains, maize is utilized in more
More informationStudy of Lapsi Fruits Enterprise Opportunities
TUTA/IOE/PCU Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2017, 13(1): 145-152 TUTA/IOE/PCU Printed in Nepal 145 Rinita Rajbhandari Joshi Department of Science and Humanities, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan
More informationDevelopment of Value Added Products From Home-Grown Lychee
Development of Value Added Products From Home-Grown Lychee S. Ahammed 1, M. M. H. Talukdar 1, M. S. Kamal 2 1 Department of Food Engineering and Technology Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology
More informationHigh Yield, Long Storage.The Golden Combination!
Who we are Hazera Committed to growing together Hazera is a global leader in the seed industry. Hazera brings expertise commitment and support, combining decades of experience with state-of-the-art technology.
More informationFurther investigations into the rind lesion problems experienced with the Pinkerton cultivar
Further investigations into the rind lesion problems experienced with the Pinkerton cultivar FJ Kruger and SD Mhlophe Agricultural Research Council Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops Private
More informationFrom bean to cup and beyond: exploring ethical consumption and coffee shops
From bean to cup and beyond: exploring ethical consumption and coffee shops Abstract Introduction Journal of Consumer Ethics Vol 2 Issue 2, November 208 Growth of the coffee shop industry https://journal.ethicalconsumer.org
More informationPost harvest management practice in disposal of cashewnut
Internationl Research Journal of Agricultural Economics and Statistics Volume 3 Issue 1 March, 2012 115-119 Research Paper Post harvest management practice in disposal of cashewnut See end of the paper
More information30/01/2013. Materials and Methods. Dr. Madan Gopal Saha. Project Personnel
0/0/0 International Network on Preserving Safety and Nutrition of Indigenous Fruits and Their Derivatives Report on Mini Research Project -6 January 0, Phnom Penh, Cambodia MATURITY INDICES AND QUALITY
More informationYIELD PERFORMANCE OF STRAWBERRY GENOTYPES. Abstract
ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online) Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(3): 481-489, September 2016 YIELD PERFORMANCE OF STRAWBERRY GENOTYPES S. CHOWHAN 1, M. M. HOSSAIN 2, M. A. HOQUE 3 G. RASUL 4 AND
More informationMorphological Characterization of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) Accessions
I J T A Serials Publications Morphological Characterization of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) Accessions A. Aswini*, K. Lila Mathew**, T. Radha***, A.K. Babylatha****, P.S. Abida*****, S. Krishnan******
More informationEvaluation of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes for growth and yield characters under Chhattisgarh condition
2017; 6(10): 416-420 ISSN (E): 2277-7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating 2017: 5.03 TPI 2017; 6(10): 416-420 2017 TPI www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 09-08-2017 Accepted: 10-09-2017 Barsha Tripathy
More information4.2 Value addition and marketing of local citrus products in Nepal
4.2 Value addition and marketing of local citrus products in Nepal Bharat Bhandari, Bijaya Raj Devkota and Sajal Sthapit Value addition: sustaining the community management of local species and varieties
More informationPAKISTAN RICE GENETIC RESOURCES II: DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF GRAIN MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
Pak. J. Bot., 39(5): 1533-1538, 2007. PAKISTAN RICE GENETIC RESOURCES II: DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF GRAIN MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY SADAR UDDIN SIDDIQUI, TOSHIHIRO KUMAMARU * AND HIKARU SATOH * National Agricultural
More informationWP Board 1054/08 Rev. 1
WP Board 1054/08 Rev. 1 9 September 2009 Original: English E Executive Board/ International Coffee Council 22 25 September 2009 London, England Sequencing the genome for enhanced characterization, utilization,
More informationResearch on assurance of viticultural biodiversity, by using local varieties and biotypes of Buziaş-Silagiu area
Research on assurance of viticultural biodiversity, by using local varieties and biotypes of Buziaş- area Dobrei A. 1 *, Moş Victoria 1 1 USAMVB Timisoara, Faculty of Horticulture and Sylviculture *Coresponding
More informationVarietal Classification of New Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Forms Identified from Southern Sri Lanka
COCOS, 2010, 19: 41-50 Printed in Sri Lanka RESEARCH ARTICLE 41 Varietal Classification of New Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Forms Identified from Southern Sri Lanka G K Ekanayake 1,3, S A C N Perera 1,
More informationTHIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S.
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Required Report - public distribution Date: GAIN Report
More informationEvaluating Hazelnut Cultivars for Yield, Quality and Disease Resistance
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Environmental Studies Undergraduate Student Theses Environmental Studies Program Spring 2009 Evaluating Hazelnut Cultivars
More informationDUS Characterization for Germplasm of Rice
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 10 (2017) pp. 3480-3487 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.410
More informationEffect of Phosphorus and Plant Density on Floral Yield and Corm Production of Crocus sativus
Effect of Phosphorus and Plant Density on Floral Yield and Corm Production of Crocus sativus Presented at National Workshop on Saffron, Nov 14-16, 16, 2006, Herat Masood Sayed,, Assistant Professor Faculty
More informationVarietal Decisions on Citrus
U N I T 3 Varietal Decisions on Citrus LEARNING / FACILITATING M A T E R I A L S CITRUS PRODUCTION NATIONAL CERTIFICATE I Introduction The study of citrus varieties is important because the variety determines
More informationChapter V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Chapter V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Coffea is economically the most important genus of the family Rubiaceae, producing the coffee of commerce. Coffee of commerce is obtained mainly from Coffea arabica and
More informationcocos, 2016: 22: Printed in Sri Lanka RESEARCH ARTICLE
cocos, 2016: 22: 25-29 Printed in Sri Lanka RESEARCH ARTICLE Assessing the performance of fruit colour based phenotypes of tall (Typica) coconuts (Cocos nucifera L.) in Sri Lanka S. A. C. N. Perera l ',
More informationAnalysis of Bunch Quality in Oil Palm Hybrid Cross Combinations under Krishna-Godavari Zone of Andhra Pradesh, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 05 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.286
More informationIMPACT OF RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE ON TEA PRODUCTION IN UNDIVIDED SIVASAGAR DISTRICT
International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research (IJASR) ISSN (P): 2250-0057; ISSN (E): 2321-0087 Vol. 8, Issue 1 Feb 2018, 51-56 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. IMPACT OF RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE ON TEA PRODUCTION
More informationAn application of cumulative prospect theory to travel time variability
Katrine Hjorth (DTU) Stefan Flügel, Farideh Ramjerdi (TØI) An application of cumulative prospect theory to travel time variability Sixth workshop on discrete choice models at EPFL August 19-21, 2010 Page
More informationCOMPARISON OF EMPLOYMENT PROBLEMS OF URBANIZATION IN DISTRICT HEADQUARTERS OF HYDERABAD KARNATAKA REGION A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
I.J.S.N., VOL. 4(2) 2013: 288-293 ISSN 2229 6441 COMPARISON OF EMPLOYMENT PROBLEMS OF URBANIZATION IN DISTRICT HEADQUARTERS OF HYDERABAD KARNATAKA REGION A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY 1 Wali, K.S. & 2 Mujawar,
More informationEVAL U A TION OF BARAMASI LEMON GERMPLASM UN DER PUNJAB CON DI TIONS
HortFlora Research Spectrum, 1(1): 46-49 (2012) ISSN : 2250-2823 EVAL U A TION OF BARAMASI LEMON GERMPLASM UN DER PUNJAB CON DI TIONS S.K. Jawandha, Nav Prem Singh, P.P.S. Gill and Karnail Singh¹ De part
More informationTHE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS ON FRUIT YIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAWBERRIES CULTIVATED UNDER VAN ECOLOGICAL CONDITION ABSTRACT
Gecer et al., The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 23(5): 2013, Page: J. 1431-1435 Anim. Plant Sci. 23(5):2013 ISSN: 1018-7081 THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS ON FRUIT YIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF
More informationD Lemmer and FJ Kruger
D Lemmer and FJ Kruger Lowveld Postharvest Services, PO Box 4001, Nelspruit 1200, SOUTH AFRICA E-mail: fjkruger58@gmail.com ABSTRACT This project aims to develop suitable storage and ripening regimes for
More informationEvaluation of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) hybrids for vegetative parameters and nut yield
Journal Crop and Weed, ():52-56(205) Evaluation of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) hybrids for vegetative parameters and nut yield Keywords: Cashew, F hybrids, vegetative growth, nut yield Cashew (Anacardium
More informationSMALLHOLDER TEA FARMING AND VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA
SMALLHOLDER TEA FARMING AND VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA Intersessional Meeting of the Intergovernmental Group on Tea Rome, 5-6 May 2014 Cheng Fang, Economist, Trade and Markets Division, FAO Yanjiong
More informationSelected NUS and Preliminary Proposed Sites Option for Field Survey
Inception Workshop for Regional TCP on Creating Enabling Environments for Nutrition-Sensitive Food and Agriculture to Address Malnutrition, 30 March 2017, Bangkok Selected NUS and Preliminary Proposed
More informationGrowing Eco-Friendly Tea in Protected Wetlands
Growing Eco-Friendly Tea in Protected Wetlands Background The Mai Pokhari wetland lies in the mid-hill ranges of the Himalayas. Located about 2,150 meters above sea level and covering an area of 90 hectares,
More informationPREPARATION OF SAPOTA CANDY
PREPARATION OF SAPOTA CANDY *Hiremath,J.B and Rokhade,A.K., Department of Post Harvest Technology, K.R.C.C.H.Arabhavi-591310 *Author for Correspondence ABSTRACT The investigation on processing of sapota
More informationAVOCADO GENETICS AND BREEDING PRESENT AND FUTURE
AVOCADO GENETICS AND BREEDING PRESENT AND FUTURE U. Lavi, D. Sa'ada,, I. Regev and E. Lahav ARO- Volcani Center P. O. B. 6, Bet - Dagan 50250, Israel Presented at World Avocado Congress V Malaga, Spain
More informationMALUMA HASS : A NEW RELEASED CULTIVAR IN COMPARISON WITH HASS
MALUMA HASS : A NEW RELEASED CULTIVAR IN COMPARISON WITH HASS BY AA ERNST (ALLESBESTE NURSERY) REG. NO. ZA 20043215 INTRODUCTION HASS, A PREDOMINANTLY GUATEMALAN, WITH SOME MEXICAN GENES, WAS SELECTED
More informationMALUMA HASS : A NEW RELEASED CULTIVAR IN COMPARISON WITH HASS
MALUMA HASS : A NEW RELEASED CULTIVAR IN COMPARISON WITH HASS BY AA ERNST (ALLESBESTE NURSERY) REG. NO. ZA 20043215 INTRODUCTION HASS, A PREDOMINANTLY GUATEMALAN, WITH SOME MEXICAN GENES, WAS SELECTED
More informationDraft Concept Paper for Coconut Research and Development in the South Pacific
Draft Concept Paper for Coconut Research and Development in the South Pacific COGENT Steering Committee Meeting Bangkok Thailand, June 2002 Introduction The South Pacific Island nations are collectively
More informationPOTENTIAL ISSUES OF THE CITRUS INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN
Proceedings: International Symposium on Prospects of Horticultural Industry in Pakistan 28 th to 3 th March, 27 Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad POTENTIAL ISSUES
More informationED 1957/05. 1 July 2005 Original: English. Development of and prospects for the Vietnamese coffee industry
ED 1957/05 International Coffee Organization Organización Internacional del Café Organização Internacional do Café Organisation Internationale du Café 1 July 2005 Original: English E Development of and
More informationInformation System Better-iS ZALF - Output
Photos: Sieber, Uckert Information System Better-iS ZALF - Output Contact details: Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) e. V., Institute of Socio- Economics, Götz Uckert, Harry Hoffmann,
More informationIntroduction. Quantification of the marketing and distribution costs for the commercialization of Alsatian wine Work in progress
Vineyard Data Quantification Society Quantification of the marketing and distribution costs for the commercialization of Alsatian wine Work in progress Laurent Grimal, Philippe Guerlain, Sylvie Rivot Université
More informationPerformance of lemon and guava as middle layer crops under coconut based multistoried Agroforestry system
Performance of lemon and guava as middle layer crops under coconut based multistoried Agroforestry system 1 M A Jahir, 2 M A Rahim, 3 M S Bari, 4 S M Islam 1 Department of Horticulture, BAU, Mymensingh,
More informationNational Pork Board Report on Pork Cut Nomenclature. National Pork Producers Council 9/4/2009 1
National Pork Board Report on Pork Cut Nomenclature National Pork Producers Council 9/4/2009 1 Background - NPPC continually seeks and implements programs designed to augment pork consumption. - One such
More informationMarket Channel and Trade of Fermented Small-Sized Fish Paste in Cambodia
Research article erd Market Channel and Trade of Fermented Small-Sized Fish Paste in Cambodia SOPHEA UN Graduate School, Royal University of Agriculture,, Cambodia Email: sophea2004@yahoo.com ROBERT S.
More informationPrevar Limited: Update
Prevar Limited: Update June 2016 Dr Brett Ennis Chief Executive Email bme@prevar.co.nz DDI Phone +64 6 8352530 Mobile +64 (0)21 388334 The Purpose of Prevar The purpose of Prevar is to globally commercialize
More informationEVALUATION OF SOME VARIETIES AND SEEDLINGS OF DATE PALM GROWN AT BAHRIYA OASIS
EVALUATION OF SOME VARIETIES AND SEEDLINGS OF DATE PALM GROWN AT BAHRIYA OASIS By AHMED MOHAMED ABD-ALLAH B.Sc. Agric. Sci. (Pomology. Dept.) Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., Egypt, 2010 THESIS Submitted in Partial
More informationEconomic Benefit of Ethiopian Coffee
Economic Benefit of Ethiopian Coffee BY Ethiopian Coffee and Tea Authority PR & Communication Team Coffee is a major popular beverage and an important commodity cash crop in the world. It is also the second
More informationtheir cultivation in and 36% of expansion in crop NCARE). growing in olive Area: sq km (UN, 2008) (UN, 2010/ /15) GNI per Bank, 2010) 2009)
Policies - Jordan 2012 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF OLIVE GROWING IN JORDAN 1.1. Introductionn The olive tree is one of the most important and oldest crops in Jordan where it is ntertwined with the daily
More informationProject Concluding: Summary Report Mandarin Trial for the California Desert
Project Concluding: Summary Report Mandarin Trial for the California Desert Peggy A. Mauk UC Cooperative Extension, Riverside County Tracy L. Kahn Botany and Plant Sciences, UC/Riverside Mandarin production
More informationPROJECT TITLE: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRUIT SIZE AND AGE ON THE MATURITY INDEX OF MANGO.(Maginfera indica.) Cv Apple and Ngowe.
NAME: MUGHI IRENE MUKAI REG NO: A22/0019/2009 SPECIAL PROJECT PROPOSAL. PROJECT TITLE: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRUIT SIZE AND AGE ON THE MATURITY INDEX OF MANGO.(Maginfera indica.) Cv Apple and Ngowe.
More informationEVALUATION OF NEW HASS -LIKE AVOCADO CULTIVARS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Proceedings V World Avocado Congress (Actas V Congreso Mundial del Aguacate) 2003. pp. 129-133. EVALUATION OF NEW HASS -LIKE AVOCADO CULTIVARS IN SOUTH AFRICA S Kremer-Köhne and M L Mokgalabone Merensky
More informationCARIBBEAN FOOD CROPS SOCIETY
^ f O O D CROp s CARIBBEAN FOOD CROPS SOCIETY 37 Thirty Seventh Annual Meeting 2001 Trinidad and Tobago Vol. xxxvn Proceedings of the Caribbean Food Crops Society. 37:243-251. 2001 DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM
More informationWP Council 264/ February 2016 Original: English. Guidelines for the preparation of country coffee profiles
WP Council 264/16 15 February 2016 Original: English E International Coffee Council 116 th Session 9 11 March 2016 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Guidelines for the preparation of country coffee profiles Background
More informationManagement of Lenticel Browning in Mango
Management of Lenticel Browning in Mango R.R. Sharma and K. Prasad Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-11 12 (Email:rrs_fht@rediffmail.com)
More informationCONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN INDIA (ISSN ): VOL. 7: ISSUE: 2 (2017)
ECONOMICS OF SUGARCANE IN WESTERN MAHARASHTRA Dr. J. S. Kumbhar 1, Dr. B. T. Kamble 2, Dr. S. S. Kaware 3 1 Field officer (II), 2 & 3 Jr. Res. Asstt., State Cost of Cultivation Scheme, MPKV, Rahuri, Dist.
More informationTomatoes, Lycopene and Human Health. APTRC Inc
Tomatoes, Lycopene and Human Health APTRC Inc Topics Australian Industry Statistics Report on Overseas Tomato & Health Projects Communication of health messages relating to horticultural products Nutritionist
More informationINTRODUCTION MARKETING SURVEY OF ACID LIME AND HILL LEMON IN NEPAL ABSTRACT
J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26:107-116 (2005) 107 Research Article MARKETING SURVEY OF ACID LIME AND HILL LEMON IN NEPAL D. D. Dhakal, K. M. Tripathi and S. Bhattarai Tribhuvan University, Institute of
More informationWorld of Wine: From Grape to Glass
World of Wine: From Grape to Glass Course Details No Prerequisites Required Course Dates Start Date: th 18 August 2016 0:00 AM UTC End Date: st 31 December 2018 0:00 AM UTC Time Commitment Between 2 to
More informationSOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF CHERRY LAUREL (Prunus laurocerasus L.) IN TURKEY MELEKBER SULUSOGLU KOCAELI UNIVERSITY ARSLANBEY VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF CHERRY LAUREL (Prunus laurocerasus L.) IN TURKEY MELEKBER SULUSOGLU KOCAELI UNIVERSITY ARSLANBEY VOCATIONAL SCHOOL Prunus laurocerasus L. is an important indigenous fruit trees
More informationPlant root activity is limited to the soil bulbs Does not require technical expertise to. wetted by the water bottle emitter implement
Case Study Bottle Drip Irrigation Case Study Background Data Tool Category: Adaptation on the farm Variety: Robusta Climatic Hazard: Prolonged dry spells and high temperatures Expected Outcome: Improved
More informationMeasurement and Study of Soil ph and Conductivity in Grape Vineyards
Measurement and Study of Soil ph and Conductivity in Grape Vineyards S. F. DHAKANE 1 1 Department of Physics, A. W. College, Otur, Tal. Junnar, Pune 412 409, Maharashtra, India e-mail: sundarrao2013@yahoo.com
More informationProducing Fruit at Home
The Farmers' Handbook - "Near The House 2", Producing Fruit at Home an Introduction 'Fruit is the elixir of life' Did you know...? The reason why people often like sweet food is because of the need for
More informationElderberry Ripeness and Determination of When to Harvest. Patrick Byers, Regional Horticulture Specialist,
Elderberry Ripeness and Determination of When to Harvest Patrick Byers, Regional Horticulture Specialist, byerspl@missouri.edu 1. Ripeness is an elusive concept for many people a. Ripeness is often entirely
More informationCoffee Eco-labeling: Profit, Prosperity, & Healthy Nature? Brian Crespi Andre Goncalves Janani Kannan Alexey Kudryavtsev Jessica Stern
Coffee Eco-labeling: Profit, Prosperity, & Healthy Nature? Brian Crespi Andre Goncalves Janani Kannan Alexey Kudryavtsev Jessica Stern Presentation Outline I. Introduction II. III. IV. Question at hand
More informationAfrican vegetables and products in SSA Some opportunities. Patrick Maundu
African vegetables and products in SSA Some opportunities Patrick Maundu Overview of presentation Vegetable diversity in African flora Vegetable products Prospects/ opportunities Challenges Conclusion
More informationAtis (Annona Squamosa) Tea
Vol. 1 January 2012 International Peer Reviewed Journal IAMURE: International Journal of Mathematics, International Engineering Peer Reviewed & Technology Journal Atis (Annona Squamosa) Tea PAULETTE MARCIA
More informationConsumption of Dryland Indigenous Fruits to Improve Livelihoods in Kenya. The Case of Mwingi District.
Consumption of Dryland Indigenous Fruits to Improve Livelihoods in Kenya. The Case of Mwingi District. P. Simitu 1,2, *, R. Jamnadass 1, R. Kindt 1, J. Kungu 2, and J. Kimiywe 2 1 World Agroforestry Centre
More informationCARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L., THE QUALITY OF SAFFLOWER SEEDS CULTIVATED IN ALBANIA.
CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L., THE QUALITY OF SAFFLOWER SEEDS CULTIVATED IN ALBANIA. Valdete VORPSI, Fatos HARIZAJ, Nikoll BARDHI, Vjollca VLADI, Erta DODONA Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agriculture
More informationStatus of Malus and Pyrus Collections in Georgia
Third meeting of Malus/Pyrus working group of the ECP/GR Status of Malus and Pyrus Collections in Georgia David Maghradze Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology (IHVO). Tbilisi. Georgia. 25-27
More informationDOMESTIC MARKET MATURITY TESTING
DOMESTIC MARKET MATURITY TESTING 1.0 General NZ Avocado working with the Avocado Packer Forum and NZ Market Group has agreed a maturity standard for the 2018 season. NZ Avocado is implementing an early
More information2. Materials and methods. 1. Introduction. Abstract
Standardizing Peanut Roasting Process Of Peanut Butter Production N. K. Dhamsaniya and N. C. Patel Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India Abstract The current practice of roasting peanut
More informationThe aim of the thesis is to determine the economic efficiency of production factors utilization in S.C. AGROINDUSTRIALA BUCIUM S.A.
The aim of the thesis is to determine the economic efficiency of production factors utilization in S.C. AGROINDUSTRIALA BUCIUM S.A. The research objectives are: to study the history and importance of grape
More informationWashington Wine Commission: Wine industry grows its research commitment
PROGRESS EDITION MARCH 22, 2016 10:33 PM Washington Wine Commission: Wine industry grows its research commitment HIGHLIGHTS New WSU Wine Science Center a significant step up for industry Development of
More informationProduction, Optimization and Characterization of Wine from Pineapple (Ananas comosus Linn.)
Production, Optimization and Characterization of Wine from Pineapple (Ananas comosus Linn.) S.RAJKUMAR IMMANUEL ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY THE AMERICAN COLLEGE MADURAI 625002(TN) INDIA WINE
More informationMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT ACCESSIONS OF TRADITIONAL AROMATIC RICE VARIETIES BISNI, DUBRAJ, VISHNUBHOG AND CHINNOR
Plant Archives Vol. 15 No. 2, 2015 pp. 627-632 ISSN 0972-5210 MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT ACCESSIONS OF TRADITIONAL AROMATIC RICE VARIETIES BISNI, DUBRAJ, VISHNUBHOG AND
More informationState of the art on Phaseolus vulgaris and Phaseolus coccineus SRB (Serbia) s National Collections
State of the art on Phaseolus vulgaris and Phaseolus coccineus SRB (Serbia) s National Collections 25-26 april 2017., Ljubljana, Slovenia Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops N o v i S a d Mirjana Vasić,
More information(P1, P2, P3, P5, P6).
D1.4 Defined new varieties for cultivation in specific EU areas and cultivation systems (strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, currant and blueberry) (P1, P2, P3, P5, P6). Month 40. Sub-Task 1.1.2 Assessment
More informationCoffee zone updating: contribution to the Agricultural Sector
1 Coffee zone updating: contribution to the Agricultural Sector Author¹: GEOG. Graciela Romero Martinez Authors²: José Antonio Guzmán Mailing address: 131-3009, Santa Barbara of Heredia Email address:
More informationDEVELOPMENT AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF READY-TO- COOK IDLI MIX FROM BROWNTOP MILLET (Panicum ramosa)
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 5, No 2, 2016, 816 821 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) DEVELOPMENT AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF READY-TO- COOK IDLI MIX FROM BROWNTOP MILLET
More informationWORKING GROUP ON TEA TRADE AND QUALITY. Intersessional Meeting of the Intergovernmental Group on Tea Rome, 5-6 May 2014
WORKING GROUP ON TEA TRADE AND QUALITY Intersessional Meeting of the Intergovernmental Group on Tea Rome, 5-6 May 2014 Intersessional Meeting of the FAO/IGG ON TEA WORKING GROUP ON TEA TRADE & QUALITY
More informationEFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE AND CONTROLLED FRUITING ON COTTON YIELD
Chapter 6 57 EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE AND CONTROLLED FRUITING ON COTTON YIELD Carl F. Ehlig USDA-ARS Brawley, California INTRODUCTION The fruit load is the primary cause for mid-season decreases in
More informationColorado State University Viticulture and Enology. Grapevine Cold Hardiness
Colorado State University Viticulture and Enology Grapevine Cold Hardiness Grapevine cold hardiness is dependent on multiple independent variables such as variety and clone, shoot vigor, previous season
More informationFruit and berry breeding and breedingrelated. research at SLU Hilde Nybom
Fruit and berry breeding and breedingrelated research at SLU 2014-11-11 Hilde Nybom Plant breeding: cultivar development Relevant breeding-related research Fruit and berry breeding at Balsgård Apple (Malus
More informationWhat is Saffron? Saffron is the dry stigma of Crocus sativus L. flowers. Flowering: autumn. In cultivation for over 3,500 yr
What is Saffron? The most expensive spice in the world over $3,000-9,000/lb! Saffron is the dry stigma of Crocus sativus L. flowers. Flowering: autumn In cultivation for over 3,500 yr Origin: Probably
More informationEffect on Quality of Cucumber (Pant Shankar Khira-1) Hybrid Seed Production under Protected Conditions
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 01 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.701.004
More informationAvocado sugars key to postharvest shelf life?
Proceedings VII World Avocado Congress 11 (Actas VII Congreso Mundial del Aguacate 11). Cairns, Australia. 5 9 September 11 Avocado sugars key to postharvest shelf life? I. Bertling and S. Z. Tesfay Horticultural
More informationWhat Went Wrong with Export Avocado Physiology during the 1996 Season?
South African Avocado Growers Association Yearbook 1997. 20:88-92 What Went Wrong with Export Avocado Physiology during the 1996 Season? F J Kruger V E Claassens Institute for Tropical and Subtropical
More information