We asked her to into consideration the fact that her daughter. Everybody heard the bomb. It made a horrible noise.

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8 Painting roofs white and using light-colored materials to surface roads and pavements would not only make cities cooler in summer but save the same amount of carbon as taking all the cars in the world off the roads for 50 years, a study has found. One of the simplest, yet most effective, ways of changing the urban environment to cope with global warming is of the buildings and streets so that more of the incoming sunlight is sent back into space, scientists said. City buildings in warm climates with cool colored surfaces that reflect *infra-red radiation would also be cooler than traditional buildings and so would save energy and carbon that would otherwise be used on air conditioning. Increasing solar reflection, or albedo, has been suggested as a way of combating the heat island effect of towns and cities, where summers are made much hotter in built-up areas by *tarmac roads and dark buildings. Two years ago, Barack Obamas top man on global warming, Professor Steven Chu, *the U.S. Secretary of Energy, suggested that one of the most effective engineering measures to handle rising temperatures is to paint roofs. If the building is air-conditioned, its going to be a lot cooler, it can use 10 or 15 percent less electricity... you also do something in that you change the albedo of the Earth you make it more reflective (reflecting more light), Professor Chu said. Now scientists, led by Professor Hashem Akberi of Concordia University in Canada, have studied thisindetailand found that it can have.

9 They estimate that a city or town where the roofs and the pavements and roads have light-colored surfaces can increase their albedo by about 10 percent, which globally would decrease amounts of CO2 by between 130 billion and 150 billion tons taking every car in the world off the road for 50 years. Increased albedo can decrease the temperature of the atmosphere and counter some of the anticipated temperature increases from global warming, the scientists say in the journal Environmental Research Letters. The researchers believe that it would be cheap and easy to increase the albedo of cities by applying reflective materials when roofs and roads are routinely repaired, doing it as a special measure. *infra-redradiation *tarmac *theu.s.secretaryofenergy todecreasethecost todecreasetheuse toincreasetheamountofreflection toincreasethenumber

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11 ( 配点 30) A young woman went to her mother and told her about her life and how things were so hard for her. She did not know how she was going to make it and wanted to give up. She was tired of fighting and struggling. It seemed as soon as one problem was solved, a new one arose. Her mother took her to the kitchen. She filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire. Soon the pots came to boil. In the first she placed carrots, in the second she placed eggs, and in the last she placed ground coffee beans. After a while she turned off the burners. She fished the carrots out and placed them in a bowl. She pulled the eggs out and placed them in a bowl. Then she took the coffee out and placed it in a bowl. Turning to her daughter, she asked, Tell me what you see. Carrots, eggs, and coffee, she replied. Her mother brought her closer and asked her to feel the carrots. She did and noted that they were soft. The daughter smiled as she tasted its rich flavor. The daughter then asked, What does it mean, Mother? Her mother explained that each of these objects had faced the same hardship boiling water. Each reacted. The carrot went in strong and hard. However, after being subjected to the boiling water, it softened and became weak. The egg had been easily broken. Its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior, but after sitting in the boiling water, its inside became hardened. The ground coffee beans were unique, however. After they were in the boiling water, they had changed it.

12 Which are you? she asked her daughter. When trouble knocks on your door, how do you respond? Are you a carrot, an egg or a coffee bean? Think of this: Which am I? Am I the carrot that seems strong, but with pain and hardship do I become soft and lose my strength? Am I the egg that starts with an easily-broken heart, but changes with the heat? Did I have a fluid spirit, but after a death, a breakup, a financial hardship or some other trial, have I become hardened and stiff? Does my shell look the same, but on the inside am I bitter and tough with a stiff spirit and hardened heart? Or am I like the coffee bean? The bean actually changes the hot water, the very circumstance that brings the pain. When the water gets hot, it releases the scent and flavor. If you are like the bean, when things are at their worst, you get better and change the situation around you. When the hour is the darkest and trials are their greatest, do you lift yourself up to another level? How do you handle trouble? Are you a carrot, an egg or a coffee bean? I wish you enough happiness to make you sweet, enough trials to make you strong, enough sorrow to keep you humble and enough hope to keep you happy. The happiest of people dont necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that comes along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a forgotten past; you cant go forward in life until you let go of your past failures and losses.

13 makeit Hedidntmakeitclearwhatwouldhappenafterwards. Hellnevermakeitinbusiness. Sorry,butIcantmakeit.IalreadyhaveplansforFriday. Whatawonderfuldress!Thankyou.Mymotherwaskindenough tomakeitforme. Sheletthemcook,withoutsayingaword. she

14 Afterpullingofftheshell,sheobservedthehard-boiledegg. Finally,themotheraskedthedaughtertosipthecoffee. Themotherthenaskedthedaughtertotakeaneggandbreakit. completely differently instantly quite similarly it 36 theboilingwater theliquidinterior thecoffeebean theoutershell

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