Performance evaluation and analysis of EV air-conditioning system
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1 Wold Elet Vele Jounl Vol. 4 - ISSN WEVA Pge00019 Abstt EVS2 Senzen, Cn, Nov -9, 20 Pefomne evluton nd nlyss of EV -ondtonng system Po-Hsu Ln GVD Dvson, Automotve Rese nd Testng Cente, Cngu County, Tn, lvn@t.og.t Te elet ondtonng system s n elton to te omfot of te elet vele. In ts ppe, te nfluene of sevel pmetes on te elet ondtonng system s studed. Te model of te ondtonng system s developed bsed on te temodynm nd te pefomne testng esults of te omponents. Te model s oded on te Mtlb/Smulnk pltfom nd smulted. Te smulton esults so tt te ventlton to nd te ndoo bloe speed ould be used to emove te et enteed te bn n sot tme. Teefoe, tese to pmetes ould be used s te mjo ontol pmetes fo te developng temostt ontolle. Keyods: elet vele, elet -ondtonng system, soll ompesso 1. Intoduton Te elet vele (EV) s no popul ese top fo te vele mnuftue nd te dem ound te old. Most of te esees fous on te dvned enegy stoge deve nd te poe-tn tenology to mpove te pefomne of EV. Regdless of te mlege nd dvng pefomne mpovement, sevel eletl essoy systems e mplemented on te EV to povde funtons e elted to sfety nd omfot. One of tese essoy systems s te elet -ondtonng (A/C) system. Te development of te eletl AC system povdes sevel dvntges to te EV pefomne. Te elet AC system s dven by n elet ompesso nludes ompesso nd n elet moto. Te elet ompesso d been developed nd nstlled n te EV o te ybd vele fo te pst dede [1], [2]. Beuse of te elet ompesso, te elet AC system n opete t btly ottng speed odng to te ontolle n povde dequte nd suffent efgeton pefomne. Teefoe, te enegy onsumpton of te A/C system n be ontolled pesely s elpful to mpove te vele dvng mlege. In ts ppe, te model of te elet A/C system, nluded ondense, n evpoto, n elet ompesso nd n expnson vlve, s bult nd smulted to study te nfluene of sevel pmetes on te A/C system pefomne of te EV. 2. A Condtonng System Modelng Te elet A/C system model nludes te ondense, te evpoto nd te expnson vlve. Te model of tese omponents s developed bsed on te temodynms n te efgeton yle o te pefomne testng esults. 2.1 Teml Lod of te Vele Cbn In ode to povde suffent oolng blty to te pssenges, te speftons of te elet ompesso sould be osen efully. Teefoe, te teml lod to te vele bn s nlyzed fstly. Te teml lod omes fom vous EVS2 Wold Bttey, Hybd nd Fuel Cell Elet Vele Symposum 1
2 Wold Elet Vele Jounl Vol. 4 - ISSN WEVA Pge00019 soues nlude () et tnsfeed fom te vele envonment, (b) et geneted by te umn body, () te dton et omes fom te sun nd (d) te ote essoy systems [3]. Te model of tese et soues ee modeled odng to te et tnsfe ptten nd oded n te smulton pogm. 2.2 Soll Compesso One te teml lod of te bn s lulted, te spefton of te ompesso s osen. In ts study, soll ompesso s osen to dve te efgent. Te soll ompesso s gdully beng dopted n te moden vele beuse of te ompt sze nd lo mlfunton te. In te elet vele, te ompesso s dven by n elet moto nsted of te engne. Teefoe, te speed of te ompesso n be btly opeted to povde dequte oolng pefomne odng to te ontol sttegy. Ts s qute dffeent fom te tdtonl vele te ompesso speed s n popoton to te engne speed. Te pefomne of te ompesso used n ts study s bult nto lookup tble bsed on te testng dt fom te mnuftue s son n Fgue 1. of te DC moto. Tble 1 Demnded pefomne of te DC moto Demnded moto pefomne Opetng Voltge (V) 330 Output poe (W) < 2300 Opetng speed (pm) < 000 DC Moto speftons Stto lengt (mm) 4 Pemnent mgnet Nd-Fe-B (N3H) Slon steel 3CS40 Output toque (N-m) 3.2 Bk emf (V) 23 Effeny ~ 90% Volume (m) L 1.2 x W 14. x H Estmted Compesso Pefomne Consumed Poe Refgeton COP Poe (kw) & COP Compesso Speed (pm) Fgue 1: pefomne mp of te soll mpesso 2.3 Elet Moto A DC busless moto s used to dve te ompesso. Teefoe, te moto spefton ould be deded bsed on te ompesso pefomne. Te moto spefton s son n Tble 1. Te opetng voltge s osen to be te sme s te EV poetn system. Te output poe nd te opetng speed ee desgned bsed on te pefomne mp n Fgue 1. Te detl pmetes of te moto ee desgned to stsfy te demnded pefomne e lso son n Tble 1. Fgue 2 sos te smulted esult of te Toque-Speed eltonsp Fgue 2: Toque-speed uve of te DC moto 2.4 Evpoto nd Condense Te evpoto nd te ondense e smply et exnges tt tnsfe et fom te bn to te envonment. Teefoe, te teml dynms of te ondense nd te evpoto n be expessed bsed on te et exnge penomen beteen te efgent nd te. Te et tnsfeed fom te efgent to te et exnge ll s dt m& = πd ( T T ) (1) dx ee m& s te mss flo te of te efgent, s te spef et of te efgent, s te et tnsfe oeffent beteen te efgent nd te ll, d s te nne dmete of te et exnge, T nd T e te tempetue of te et exnge ll nd te efgent, x s te dstne fom te enty of te et exnge. Te efgent tempetue t spef dstne fom te enty n be deved fom Eq. (1) EVS2 Wold Bttey, Hybd nd Fuel Cell Elet Vele Symposum 2
3 Wold Elet Vele Jounl Vol. 4 - ISSN WEVA Pge T ( x πd ( T T ) e = T + (2) ee T s te nlet tempetue of te efgent. Teefoe, te et exnged fom te efgent to te exnge ll n be expessed s L πd / m & q = n m & T T e (3) ( ) ( ) ( ) ee L s te lengt of te nnels. Te et exnged beteen te et exnge nd te n be deved s q ( T T ) = A (4) ee A s te effetve et exnge e of te exnge, s te et tnsfe oeffent beteen te ll nd te, T s te nlet tempetue. In te stedy opetng stuton, te et tnsfeed n Eq. (3) ll equl to Eq. (4), nd te tempetue of te et exnge ll n be deved s T ( L πd A T + mt & ( 1 e ) = () ( L πd A + m & ( 1 e ) Te efgent tempetue t te ext of te et exnge n be solved by Eq. (2) nd (). 2. Expnson Vlve Te expnson vlve s used to deese te efgent tempetue fom te ondense by deesng te pessue. Te vlve lso ts s lmt to te efgent flo te n be used to ontol te A/C system effeny. Te mss flo te pssed te vlve s deved s ( P P ) u d & = dρ A () ev ρ m 2 ee s te spef et, d ρ s te efgent densty, A s te flo e of te expnson ev vlve, P nd u P e te upstem nd te d donstem pessue of te expnson vlve. 3. A Condtonng System Smulton Te A/C system s oded nd smulted on te Mtlb/Smulnk pltfom to study te nfluene of vous system pmetes to te oolng pefomne. Te speftons of te vele e lsted n Tble 2 s used to lulte te teml lod of te bn. Te teml lod of te EV s used to dede te opetng ondtons fo te soll ompesso nd te dven moto. Tble 2 Vele speftons Vele spefton Font ndseld e(m2) 0. Re ndseld e (m2) 0.32 Sde glss e (m2) 1.04 Inlnton ngle of Font ndseld 2.33 Inlnton ngle of Re ndseld 4.3 Vele sde e (m2) 3.92 Tl e (m2) 1.33 Rooftop e (m2) 3.34 Bottom e (m2).2 Envonment tempetue ( ) 3 Cbn tempetue (L) 23 Inlnton ngle of sun Smulton of te dffeent ndoo pmetes Tee e sevel pmetes e ontolled o ved by te pssenges to djust te A/C system pefomne. Tese pmetes ee smulted to study te nfluene to te A/C system. One of tese pmetes s te demnded tempetue set by te pssenges. Sne te et needed to be emoved neses t te loe demnded tempetue, te oolng tempetue, s epesented by te sold lne n Fgue 3, neses t te demnded tempetue. It n be seen tt te loe tempetue n emove ge mount of et s son by te dot lne n Fgue 3. Influene fo dffeent settng tempetue to te AC system 292. Tempetue Fgue 3: Influene of te demnded tempetues Te seond pmete ontolled by te pssenge s te ndoo bloe speed. Te nge of te bloe speed ll vy te flo te pssed te evpoto. Te sold lne n Fgue 4 sos tt te outlet tempetue neses t te. EVS2 Wold Bttey, Hybd nd Fuel Cell Elet Vele Symposum 3
4 Wold Elet Vele Jounl Vol. 4 - ISSN WEVA Pge flo te. It s due to te ge flo te soten te tme te psses te evpoto. Teefoe, te et bsobed by te efgent deeses nd te outlet tempetue beomes ge. Hoeve, te et emoved by te A/C system stll neses beuse te ge flo te s te dot lne son n Fgue Influene of dffeent ventlton to to te AC system Tempetue Influene of dffeent flo te to te AC system Tempetue A Flo Rte (m 3 /s) Fgue 4: Influene of te dffeent bloe speed Te pssenge numbe n te bn s lso n mpotnt fto fo te A/C system to mntn onstnt tempetue. Te nfluene of te pssenge numbe s son n Fgue. It n be seen tt te outlet tempetue deeses n ode to emove te ddtonl et omes fom te nesed pssenge Influeme of pssenge numbes to te AC system Tempetue Pssenge No Ventlton to (%) Fgue : Influene of te dffeent vntlton to 3.2 Smulton of te envonment pmetes Te nge of te envonment pmetes smply nge te mount of te et enteed te bn. Tee pmetes, e te envonment tempetue, te umdty nd te sol lod, e smulted to study te nfluene to te A/C system. Fgue sos te outlet tempetue nd te et emoved by te A/C system unde dffeent envonment tempetues. Te outlet tempetue, s epesent by te sold lne n Fgue, slgtly deeses s te envonment tempetue neses fom 293 k to 313 k. It s due to te et enteed te bn neses t te envonment. Teefoe, te oolng tempetue dops to emove te ddtonl et s epesented by te dot lne son n Fgue. Inflene of dffeent envonment tempetues to AC system Tempetue Fgue : Influene of te dffeent pssenge numbe Te ventlton to s nged by te outdoo vlve dmpe. Te ge te outdoo flos nto te bn, te loe te oolng n te bn s eyled. Teefoe, tee s ddtonl et me nto te bn t te g tempetue outdoo gs. Fgue sos te esult of te outlet tempetue nd te emoved et unde dffeent ventlton to. Te outlet gs tempetue deeses unde lo ventlton to to emove te ddtonl et me nto te bn s te dot lne son n Fgue Fgue : Influene of te envonment temptues EVS2 Wold Bttey, Hybd nd Fuel Cell Elet Vele Symposum 4
5 Wold Elet Vele Jounl Vol. 4 - ISSN WEVA Pge Influene of dffeent umdtes to te AC system Tempetue Humdty (%) Fgue : Influene of te dffeent umdty Te nfluene of te umdty on te outlet tempetue s son by te sold lne n Fgue. Sne te outlet tempetue slgtly deeses t te nesed umdty, te umdty s only mno pmete to te nge of te outlet gs tempetue. Hoeve, te A/C system needs to emove te ondenston et of te vpo beuse of te ge umdty. Te nese te emoved et s epesented by te dot lne n Fgue Influene of dffeent sol lod to te AC system Tempetue Het (kw) Fgue 9: Influene of te dffeent sol lod Fgue 9 sos te bevo of te outlet tempetue nd te et emoved by te A/C system unde dffeent sol lod. If te sol lod neses, te dton et entes te bn toug te glss nd te seet metl ll neses. Teefoe, te outlet gs tempetue s to deese to emove te ddtonl et s son t te sold lne n Fgue 9. Te et emoved by te A/C system sos lne eltonsp t te sol lod s epesent by te dot lne n Fgue 9. 9 system pefomne ee studed. Te smulton esults so tt te sol lod nd te envonment tempetue ve gete mpt on te A/C system. Te smulton sos tt loe ventlton to nd ge bloe speed n pdly emoved te ddtonl et enteed te bn. Te smulton esults ould tell us ete pmetes ould be used n te temostt ontolle development fo te elet vele. Te model n lso be used to ek f te osen A/C system omponents spefton ould povde suffent efgeton pblty to te elet vele o not. Refeenes [1] M. Mkno et.l.,, Automotve A-ondtonng Eletlly Dven Compesso, SAE Tenology Ppe Sees, ISSN , [2] N. Io et.l., Invete-Integted elet Compessos fo Hybd Veles, SAE Tenology Ppe Sees, ISSN , 200. [3] T. B. Cng et.l.,, Te Investgton of Mxmum Coolng Lod nd Coolng Cpblty Pedton Metods fo Te A-Condton System of Vele n Tn, Jounl of Vele Engneeng, ISSN 10-0, 4(200), Autos Po-Hsu Ln eeved s B.S., MS nd P.D degees fom te Ntonl Tsng Hu Unvesty, Tn, n 2000, 2002 nd 200 espetvely. He s no n ssote engnee n te R&D dvson of ARTC. Te ese top s foused on te temostt nd enegy-svng ontol sttegy of te elet utomotve -ondtonng system. 4. Conluson In ts ppe, sem-empl model fo te elet vele A/C system s bult nd smulted on te Mtlb/Smulnk pltfom. Te nfluenes of sevel pmetes on te A/C EVS2 Wold Bttey, Hybd nd Fuel Cell Elet Vele Symposum
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