Research progress on residual toxicity and detection methods of melamine

Transcription

1 South China Fisheries Science Vol. 7, No. 3 Jun., 2011 doi: / j. issn , 1 2,, 2 2 2,,, 2, 2 ( 1., ; 2.,, ) :, ( N),,, ( LD 50 ) mgkg - 1 ; : ; ; ; : S 963 : A : ( 2011) Research progress on residual toxicity and detection methods of melamine HUANG Chunli 1, HUANG He 1, LIU Wenxia 2, GAO Ping 1, HUANG Guofang 2, LI Zhiqing 2, CHENG Hong 2, LUO Lin 2 ( 1. Institute of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang , China; 2. Zhanjiang Institute of Supervision and Test on Quality and Measure, Zhanjiang , China) Abstract: Melamine is a kind of organic chemical material; however, rich in nitrogen, it has been added in food and feeds, which causes serious harm to the health of human and animals. Melamine has very low acute toxicity, and the lethal median dose ( LD 50 ) is mgkg - 1. The symptoms for animals in chronic toxicity test include occurrence of kidney stone and carcinoma of urinary bladder. Melamine does not metabolize and transform in animal s body, reviews the toxicity, residue metabolism and detection methods of melamine. Key words: melamine; toxicity; residue; detection methods but excretes in the forms of protomer or homolog. The paper,,, ( melamine-formaldehyde, MF), 2008,, 1,,,,,,, C 3 N 6 H 6 C 3 N 3 ( NH 2 ) 3, , : ; : : ( 2009 B ) : ( ),,, huangchun526@ 163. com :, zjhahe@ yahoo. com. cn

2 3 : kgm - 3 ( 16 ), kgm - 3, 354, 300,, ; 50 > 3500 mgl - 1, LC ; ; LD 50 = mgkg - 1 ( ph = 8),,, 21 d ( NOAEL) mg, 1] ,, EFSA 2],,,, ( LD 50 ) mgkg - 1, LD mg kg - 1 OKUMURA 8] F344, LD 50 > mgkg ,, 1% 3%, 5% ( 1/20) 79% ( 15 /19) ;, 5% ( 1/20) 63% ( 15 /19) ; 70% ( 7/ 10) 100% ( 10/10) 3% 3] F344,, 5 mgml mgml L BHK MELNICK 9] F h ( IC 50 ) mgml - 1 B6C3F1,, mgml mg ml mgml - 1,, 48 h LD mgkg - 1, LD mg kg - 1 RONALD 10], mgkg - 1, 24 h - ( HPLC-UV),,, ( Leuciscus idus) 48 h, ( LC 50 ) > 500 mgl - 1 ; ( Mylopharyngodon piceus) 48 h CIANCIOLO 11] 70 LC 50 = mgl - 1 ; ( Poecilia reticulata) 96 h LC 50, > mgl - 1 ; 96 h 10% ( LC 10 ), 43 > mgl - 1 4], ( ) NEERMAN 5] 2. 5 mg kg mg kg mg kg mgkg - 1, ( 160 mgkg - 1 ), 6 12 h 100% 40 mg kg - 1,, ( BUN) ( CRE) 6], ( mgkg - 1 ), IC 50,, mgml - 1 ; kg mg,, 9 h,,, ( mgkg - 1 ) ( 11),, h,, mgkg - 1 kg - 1 7] ( Lateolabrax japonicus) ], 23 d,, 12] DNA, DNA

3 78 7 DNA,, mgkg - 1 ( A DNA DNA, ) DNA,,, ( FDA) ( TDI) mg kg FDA GC-MS ( SCF) TDI 0. 5 mg kg - 1 3,, GB/ T 22388,, 18], GB/ T 22400, 19], GB/ T 22288, 13], 3-20] NY /T ],, ( HPLC) 22-26], mgkg - 1 ; - ( HPLC-MS) 27-31], MAST 14] 14 C, MS) 32-33], mgkg h 90%, 14 C, -, - 1% - 1%, 24 h 0. 1 moll - 1, 2. 5 mlmin - 1, MCX-SPE, BAYNES 13] ( mgkg - 1 ), 24 h, HPLC-UV, 28 h, 18-99%, 21], 24] 29] 30] 33] MCX-SPE,,,, 23, 25, 28, 31], 15] ( PB-, 50% + 1% PK), 3. 0 mg ( 3 + 1), HPLC kg mgkg - 1,,, 0. 5 mg h h; ( kg mgkg mgkg - 1, 2, 7 d), 20 h h 16],,,,, ; LD mg kg - 1, mgkg - 1, > > > > > ;,, mg 24 h kg ] 200 mgkg - 1 ( A ) mg kg - 1 ( B ) 4 HPLC HPLC-MS FDA ELISA, mgkg ( GC-,,,,, 5,,,,, mg kg - 1 ( B ),

4 3 : 79, Food Chem Toxicol, 2008, 46 ( 3) : , 11] CIANCIOLO R E, BISCHOFF K, EBEL J G, et al. Clinicopathologic, histologic, and toxicologic findings in 70 cats inadvertently exposed to pet food contaminated with melamine and cyanuric acid J]. Am Vet Med Assoc, 2008, 233 ( 5) : ],,. DNA, J]., 2010, 29 ( 2) : ,, ZHANG Guowen, WANG Jiarong, YANG Jia. Study of influences : 1]. M]. :, 2004: WANG Yanji. Organic chemical material M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2004: ( in Chinese) 2] The European Federation of Sea Anglers. EFSA s provisional statement on a request from the European Commission on related to melamine and structurally related compounds such as cyanuric acid in protein-rich ingredients used for feed and food EB/ OL]. EFSA, Parma: 45 ( 1) : ],,,. 4 J]., 2008, 35 ( 12) : JIA Guangle, WANG Jianfeng, LIN Xianghai, et al. Toxicity comparison of four matter including melamine J]. Vet Med, 2008, 35 ( 12) : ( in Chinese) China Anim Husb 4] Chemicals Inspection and Testing Institute. Biodegradation and bioaccumulation data of existing chemicals based on the CSCL M]. Tokyo: Japan Chemical Industry Ecology Toxicology and Information Center, ] NEERMAN M F, ZHANG W, PARRISH A R, et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a melamine dendrimer as a vehicle for drug delivery J]. Int J Pharm, 2004, 281 ( 1 /2 ) : ],,,. J]., 2008, 22 ( 3) : LIN Xiangmai, WANG Jianfeng, JIA Guangle, et al. Study of toxicity for melamine J]. Toxicol J, 2008, 22 ( 3 ) : ( in Chinese) 7],,,. 18],,,. GB/ T J]., 2009, 33 ( 2) : LIU Haiyan, ZHANG Wei, XUE Min, et al. Acute toxicity study for melamine on Japanese sea bass ( Lateolabrax japonicus) Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2009, J]. Acta 33 ( 2) : ( in Chinese) 8] OKUMURA M, HASEGAWA R, SHIRAI T, et al. Relationship between calculus formation and carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder of rats administered the non-genotoxic J]. Carcinogenesis, 1992, 13 ( 6 ) : agents thymine or melamine 9] MELNICK R L, BOORMAN G A, HASEMAN J K, et al. Urolithiasis and bladder carcinogenicity of melamine in rodents J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 1984, 72 ( 2) : ] AYNES R E, SMITH G, MASON S E, et al. Pharmacokinetics of melamine in pigs following intravenous administration J]. of melamine on potential trauma of DNA J]. Chinese J Anal Lab, 2010, 29 ( 2 ) : ( in Chinese) 13] BAYNES R E, SMITH G, MASON S E, et al. Pharmacokinetics of melamine in pigs following intravenous administration J]. Chem Toxicol, 2008, 46 ( 3) : Food 14] MAST R W, JEFFCOAT A R, SADLER B M, et al. Metabolism, disposition and excretion of melamine in male Fischer 344 rats J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 1983, 21 ( 6) : ],,,. J]., 2009, MENG Xiangkun, JIANG Jun, WU Jiangli, et al. Estimate time of drug withdrawal after adding melamine in pig feed by drug metabolize dynamics J]. Chinese J Anim Sci, 2009, 45 ( 1 ) : ( in Chinese) 16],,,. J]., 2009, 34 ( 9) : LU Yong, LIU Lijuan, WU Ying, et al. Study on the distribution and metabolism of melamine in laying-hens and eggs J]. Sci Technol, 2009, 34 ( 9 ) : ( in Chinese) 17],,,. GC/ MS Food J]., 2009, 21 ( 4) : YU Xiaohua, SUN Zexiang, LYan, et al. Determination of residues and metabolism of melamine in chicken using GC / MS J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejianggensis, 2009, 21 ( 4 ) : ( in Chinese) S]. :, SONG Shufeng, LU Jie, AN Juan, et al. GB/ T Determination of melamine in raw milk and dairy products HPLC S]. Beijing: Standards Publishing House, ( in Chinese) 19],,,. GB /T S]. :, LI Hongmei, ZHANG Qinghe, TANG Hua, et al. GB/ T Rapid determination of melamine in raw milk S]. Beijing: Standards Publishing House, ( in Chinese) 20],,,. GB /T

5 ],,. LC-MS - S]. :, LI Shujuan, LI Gang, LI Jianzhong, et al. GB/ T Determination of melamine, ammelide, ammeline, cyanuric acid in vegetable materials by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry S]. Beijing: Standards Publishing House, ( in Chinese) 21 ],,,. NY /T J]., 2008, 36 ( 5) : : S]. :, ZHAO Genlong, WANG Peilong, SONG Rong, et al. NY / T Determination of melamine in feed HPLC S]. Beijing: Standards Publishing House, ( in Chinese) 22],,,. - 29],,,. - - J]., 2007, 23 ( 5) : WANG Hui, CAO Xiaoyan, Peng Xinkai, et al. Determination of melamine in high protein food by high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector J]. Food Machinery, 2007, 23 ( 5) : ( in Chinese) 23]. ( HPLC) 30],,,. - J]., 2008, 17 ( 1) : NI Qinyan. Analytical method for the determination of melamine in feedstuff by HPLC J]. Fujian Analysis & Testing, 2008, 17 ( 1) : ( in Chinese) 24]. J]. J]. Feed Ind, 2008, 29 ( 4) : ( in Chinese), 2007, 29 ( 6) : CHEN Ting. Determination of melamine in feed with HPLC J]. Fujian J Anim Husb Vet Med, 2007, 29 ( 6) : ( in Chinese) 25],,,. HPLC 286. ( in Chinese) J]., 2008, 29 ( 4) : GONG Xiaoming, DONG Jing, SUN Jun, et al. Determination of melamine in vegetable materials by high performance liquid chromatography J]. Food Sci, 2008, 29 ( 4 ) : ( in Chinese) 26],,,. 33],,. J]., 2008, 17 ( 3) : WANG Yadun, LIN Haidang, DENG Guodong, et al. Determination of melamine in feed by high performance liquid chromatography J]. Guangdong Feed, 2008, 17 ( 3) : ( in Chinese) J]., 2008 ( 4) : FENG Wei, WANG Bochu, MI Pengcheng. A novel chromatographic analysis method of melamine for LC-MS J]. Guangdong Agric Sci, 2008 ( 4) : ( in Chinese) 28],,,. - LI Aijun, ZHANG Daihui, MA Shumin, et al. Determination of melamine residues in feed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry J]. Chinese J Analytical Chem, 2008, 36 ( 5 ) : ( in Chinese) J]., 2008, 17 ( 2) : Liu Mei, Li Jinqiang, Tian Dejin, et al. Determination of melamine in foods by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry J]. Chem Analysis Meterage, 2008, 17 ( 2) : ( in Chinese) J]., 2008, 29 ( 4) : LAI Biqing, ZHENG Xiaohang, HAN Yintao, et al. Determination of melamine in feed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 31]. ( LC-MS/MS) J]., 2007, 26 ( 9 ) : LUAN Wei. Rapid Determination of Melamine in Pet Food by LC- MS /MS J]. J Instrumental Analysis, 2007, 26 ( 9 ) : ]. GC-MS J]., 2008, 17 ( 2 ) : 1-4. Wang Zheng. Determination of melamine and the related analogs in animal food by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry J]. Analysis Testing, 2008, 17 ( 2) : J]., 2008, 29 ( 8) : ( in Chinese) Fujian JIANG Chengyang, FANG Qian, LIN Deqing. Determination of melamine in feed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry J]. Feed Ind, 2008, 29 ( 8) : ( in Chinese)