Sălăvăstru Mihaela 1 *, Berar V. 1. Biological Material and Method

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1 Volume 17(1), , 2013 JOURNAL of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology Studies regarding the influence of some morphological characters concerning the possibilities of association and arrangement of ornamental vegetable species in landscaping Sălăvăstru Mihaela 1 *, Berar V. 1 1 BUASVM from Timisoara, Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry *Corresponding author. mihaelasalavastru@gmail.com Abstract In the food strategy, along with other vegetable products, vegetables occupy a very important place. Introduction of some ornamental vegetable species in landscaping confers the garden a unique component both by aesthetic and economic value. The multitude and variety of ornamental vegetable species allows combining and connecting them to various landscaping and the knowledge of their biological development is an important element for the private sector. Key words ornamental vegetable species, morphological characters, landscaping A vegetable garden can be considered conventional or ornamental like aspect looking at how the plants ar arranged [6]. When by planting of some vegetable species the aim is to achieve a decorative purpose, the gardener must treat the vegetables in a similar manner with wich he treats the carpet flower plants, commonly used in garden planning. Instead, vegetable display their beauty for a long time and as they grow they may submit a multitude of colors. The possibilities of association and organization by using ornamental vegetables, in landscaping represents also an important source of artistical creativity [7]. Regarding the style of a vegetable garden, which has additional ornamental value, the options are divided between formal (geometric) and informal design, the last one nearer to natural landscape [4]. Ornamental vegetable plants value is due to the port (erect, creeping, climbing), foliage, flower aspect, inflorescences and fruits [8]. Biological Material and Method The biological material used in the eperiments was represented by the following species and varieties: Brassica oleracea convar. acephala var. sabellica, Brassica oleracea convar. acephala cv. Nagoya, Capsicum annuum var. fasciculatum, Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum, Cynara scolymus, Lactuca sativa cv. Lollo Rosso, Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme (Dunal) A. Gray cv. Red Cherry [2,5,8]. Eperiments were set up in the eperimental field of Didactic and Research Base of the Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry from B.U.A.S.V.M. Timisoara. In order to determine the possibilities to the association and utilization by the ornamental vegetable species in the landscape we introduced in the eperimental model the following planting s in order to determine their area of nutrition, namely: -Brassica oleracea convar. acephala var. sabellica: 4035 cm and 4050 cm; -Brassica oleracea convar. acephala cv. Nagoya: 4035 cm and 4045 cm; -Capsicum annuum L. var. fasciculatum: 3535 cm and 3545 cm; -Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum: 5035 cm and 5050 cm; -Cynara scolymus L.: 9090 cm and cm; -Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa cv. Lollo Rosso: 3525 cm and 3530 cm; -Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme (Dunal) A. Gray cv. Red Cherry: 5045 cm and 7560 cm. Producing the biological material was carried out in greenhouse emissions multiplier of goth-800 mode of disciplinarian,respecting the conditions and modalities of producing seedlings for each specific species of ornamental vegetables. The biometrical observations regarding phenology were performed in the plant stage and were: plat height, number of leaves, leaf length and width, stem diameter. The determination and biometric measurements were made at a number of 10 plants in 3 repetitions according with the eperimental parameters in the period ontogenetic generation cycle. The observations have been made using the current observation techniques, eperimental data processing has been performed using statistical and mathematical 336

2 methods and those data regarding the production were calculated and interpreted on the basis of variance analysis [3]. Results and Discussions In order to assess the importance of ornamental vegetables through its agreements type functions edible landscaping biometric measurements were carried out on morphological characters: plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and width, stem diameter. Ornamental cabbage (Brassica oleracea convar. acephala D. C. (Alef) is biennial plant in the first year of vegetation forms a stalk with a height of cm, depending on the variety [5,8]. The importance is given by to the form ornamental leaf blade lanceolate or oblong oval, the surface more than or less corrugated containers. Eperimental results of the influence of those two s of planting on the morphological characteristics of the species under study are presented in Table cm 4045 cm Table 1 Brassica oleracea convar. acephala cv. Nagoya s ± ± ± ± ± 0.49 s s% s ± ± ± ± ± 0.84 s s% Analyzing the eperimental results shown in Table 1, it is noted that with the arrangement with a reduced number of plants (4045 cm), resulting in the formation of a larger number of leaves, comparative with the other eperimental variation. The eperimental results obtained regarding the evaluation the influence of the planting s on the morphological characters for the species Brassica oleracea convar. acephala var. sabellica are shown in Table cm 4050 cm Table 2 Brassica oleracea convar. acephala var. sabellica s ± ± ± ± ± 0.23 s s% s ± ± ± ± ± 0.19 s s% As regards the eperimental results of Table 2 it can be seen that the provision of an area of 0.2 m 2 plant nutrition results in a higher number of leaves and foliar surface area major, morphological more decorative and ornamental point of view. The two variety of species Capsicum annuum L. used in landscaping with decorative effect flower species they harbor by architecture and shape of fruits. Obtained eperimental data relating to certain morphological characteristics analyzed at the variety of fasciculatum are presented in Table

3 3535 cm 3545 cm Table 3 Capsicum annuum L. var. fasciculatum Sturtev. s ± ± ± ± ± 0.13 s s% s ± ± ± ± ± 0.06 s s% From the eperimental results presented in Table 3 it is apparent that species of Capsicum annuum L. var. Sturtevant fasciculatum. can be willing in associations with other species, at a distance of 0.35 cm, ensuring the a space of 0.12 m 2 nutrition. Another species of ornamental peppers used in the eperimentations was Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum, which was willing to arrangement at two graduations of the planting (5035 cm and 5050 cm). The eperimental data obtained following the completion biometric measurements and thereof mathematical statistical processing at some morphological characteristics are presented in Table cm 5050 cm Table 4 Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum s ± ± ± ± ± 0.20 s s% s ± ± ± ± ± 0.14 s s% From the analysis of the eperimental results shown in Table 4 indicate that when that variety of the genus Capsicum, 5035 cm planting ensures an optimum space for the growth and development of plant. Also, we can see the influence of the planting on the number of leavesand foliar area of plant, morphological elements with decorative effect in this species. Artichoke is cultivated from the fleshy bracts flowers from the basis of inflorescences and the pharmaceutical point of view and ornamental. The ornamental effect is given by the large leaves with well-developed petiole and the leaft stalks thickened. The fleshy receptacle is surrendered as the basis of bracts and capitulum tnflorescence of type is large, globular with seeds witch present in the peak a purplish blue doll,with decorative effect. The eperimental data obtained by planting for the two s are listed in Table cm cm Table 5 Cynara scolymus L. s ± ± ± ± ± 1.53 s s% s ± ± ± ± ± 1.18 s s%

4 Analyzing the eperimental results shown in Table 5 is observed that ensuring optimal space (1 m 2 ) of growth and development causes greater plant vigor (height, diameter and leaf pack Munari) and a decorative effect of the leaves. Variety Lollo Rosso, of Italian provenance is a lettuce of leaf (var. crispa) with curly leaves and serrated edges form of different colors (green, dark green, dark red) and can cultivated throughout the summer [1,8]. Gist of the eperimental results regarding the influence of the planting density of the decorative effect morphological characters are shown in Table cm 3530 cm Table 6 Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa cv. Lollo Rosso s ± ± ± ± ± 0.58 s s% s ± ± ± ± ± 0.82 s s% From the comparison of the eperimental results shown in Table 6 in case of the two planting s of lettuce plants, registered during the generative period is noticed that to obtain a green carpet, the decorative effect in this species as cultivated at a density of 9-10 plants/m 2. Species Lycopersicum esculentum var. cerasiforme belongs to a group of plants that have a diffuse port can be used as carpet plants. Using this variety combines in a pleasant way the benefic functions assigned to edible landscaping, such as: educational, economic or sanitary. The eperimental results from the combination and arrangement of interdependent way of tomatoes var. cerasiforme on some morphological characters are shown in Table cm 7560 cm Table 7 Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme (Dunal) A. Gray cv. Red Cherry s ± ± ± ± ± 0.11 s s% s ± ± ± ± ± 0.13 s s% Regarding the eperimental results shown in Table 7, the mean morphological characteristics of a tomato variety cerasiforme is noted that by using the 7060 cm planting provides better plant growth and development. Conclusions The eperimental obtained results regarding the planting influence on some morphological decorative characters, at some vegetable ornamental species, allow us to point some conclusions, namely: -using the 4050 cm planting results in forming a larger number of cabbage leaves with decorative effect; -species of Capsicum annuum L. var. Sturtevant fasciculatum. can be set up in combination with other species, at a distance of 0.35 cm, assuring a nutrition space of 0.12 m 2 ; -in case of species Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum the 5035 cm planting provides optimal nutrition space for the plant growth and development ; -assuring an optimal nutrition space for growth and development determines a higher vigor at artichokes; -to provide a decorative green carpet of leaves at lettuce cv. Lollo Rosso is recommended to be cultivated at a density of 9-10 plants/m 2 ; 339

5 -optimal growth and development of tomato plants var. cerasiforme is performed at the planting distance of 7060 cm. Acknowledgments The researches which formed the basis of obtaining these results were funded by Doctoral Studies for Training in Research (FOR-CE) POSDRU/CPP107/DMI1.5/S/ References 1.Berar V., 1998, Legumicultura, Editura Mirton, Timisoara. 2.Ciofu, Ruandra, N. Stan, V. Popescu, Pelaghia Chilom, S. Apahidean, A. Horgoş, V. Berar, K. F. Lauer, and N. Atanasiu, 2003, Tratat de legumicultură. Editura Ceres. Bucureşti. 3.Ciulcă S., 2002, Tehnică eperimentală. Editura Mirton, Timişoara. 4.Hudak Renate, 2006, Obst, Gemüse & Kräuter, Küchengarten für Einsteiger. Gräfe und Unzer Verlag GmbH, München. 5.Indrea, D., S. Al. Apahidean, Maria Apahidean, D. N. Măniuţiu and Rodica Sima, 2007, Cultura legumelor. Editura Ceres, Bucureşti. 6.Larkom Joy, 2002, Grown your own vegetables. Frances Lincoln Publichers, Rev. Edition. 7.Iliescu Ana-Felicia, 2003, Arhitectură peisageră. Editura Ceres, Bucureşti. 8.Sima Rodica, 2009, Legumicultura - sursă de hrană şi potenţial ornamental. Editura AcademicPres, Cluj- Napoca. 340