Getting to know the haskap cultivars of today and tomorrow. Dr. Bob Bors

Transcription

1 Getting to know the haskap cultivars of today and tomorrow Dr. Bob Bors

2 Outline Introduction how I got involved in haskaps, where they come from ow the first cultivars were developed BTI Cultivars Differences Growing them Problems Aurora Bloom time? Main CV? Boreal Blizzard, Boreal Beauty

3 Fruit Breeding in Canada Only Summerland and U of SK are actively breeding more than 3 fruit crops Plant Hardiness Zones of Canada 2000 Active programs Cancelled since 2000 or being cancelled

4 Choke Cherries Haskap U of SK fruit program: ~50 acres Haskap occupies ~20 acres Each year: we replace 2 acres of older haskap with new seedlings Apples Haskap //////// //////// Cherries Haskap Apples Haskap Cherries Apples Grapes Cherries Apples Haskap Haskap Cherries S toons Hazelnuts Haskap Haskap = recently planted 0.8 km

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6 Haskap Timeline 1997: 4 varieties planted 2001: first crosses made World s most diverse haskap collection Traditional breeding results in 5,000 to 7,000 seedling being grown per year 30+ articles on website Rick Sawatzky present Bob Bors present

7 U of SK Fruit Program Started in 1921 Originally 200 acres for Horticulture Now 70 acres for Hort 50 acres used by Fruit Pgm Located in middle of Hardiness Zone 2 Coldest location in North America (world?) for some of the crops we breed Have Genebank of cold hardy fruits

8 Cecil Patterson Les Kerr Stewart Nelson Cecil Stushnoff Rick Sawatzky present Bob Bors present

9 Jim Gilbert One Green World Oregon Maxine Thompson Oregon State University Artem Sorokin Vavilov Institute Russia Dr. Ukai, Dr. Suzuki, & many others Hokkaido University & extension agents, processors, and farmers of Hokkaido Japan

10 Eric Gerbrandt Genetics Adaptability James Dawson Nutraceuticals Bayartulga Lkhagvasuren Production Propagation

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12 Genetic Similarities of Haskap types (Part of Eric Gerbrandt s thesis)

13 Phytochemicals Quantified Phytochemical Human effect Role within plant Chlorogenic acid (Hydroxycinamic acid) Neurotrophic Antihyperlipidemic Anti-preadipocyte Generalized stress response Inhibition of IAA oxidase Quercetin 3 sambubioside Quercetin 3 rutinoside Quercetin 3 glucoside (Flavonol) Loganin Secologanin (Iridoids, monoterpenoids) Cyanidin (Anthocyanin) Muscle mitochondria biogenesis Sirtuin activator Protects against diabetes induced liver disorder Inhibition of β-secratase (Alzheimer's disease) Anti-inflammatory Antibacterial Antiviral Chemopreventive Chemotherapeutic Anti-inflammatory Stimulator/repressor of mitochondria metabolism UV protectant Protein cross linker Herbivore deterrent UV protectant response to oxidative stress visible pigment

14 Phytochemical profile of Lonicera caerulea Lab 5#1 Q3S Compound Lab 5#1 (villosa) WJ #3 Chlorogenic acid Q3S Q3R Q3G } WJ #3 Q3R Q3G Loganin Secologanin Q3S Values in mg/g Q3R Q3G

15 Site #2 Clay (80 cm), open, level, swamp, high intensity of light

16 Abiotic study

17 Greenhouse production

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19 Choke Cherries Haskap U of SK fruit program: ~50 acres Haskap occupies ~20 acres Each year: we replace 2 acres of older haskap with new seedlings Apples Haskap //////// //////// Cherries Haskap Apples Haskap Cherries Apples Grapes Cherries Apples Haskap Haskap Cherries S toons Hazelnuts Haskap Haskap = recently planted 0.8 km

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22 Lonicera caerulea germplasm

23 U of SK Lonicera caerulea Collection 35 Clones seedlin gs wild accession s collected 45 clones Seeds from 75 lines 7 clones

24 Lonicera caerulea germplasm Small bitter fruit Wetlands of boreal forest Variable flavour Little known Productive Early harvest Long thin fruit Medium size Uniform ripening Variable flavour Ok Production late harvest largest fruit size Uneven ripening Good flavour Less productive, late bloom & harvest Short bushes Round berries Good flavour

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26 U of SK Fruit Program Funding Head Technician Hard Funding All other expenses Soft Funding : Royalties: 65% to program, 35% equipment fund for all of horticulture Sask Ag grants Plant Sale day Workshop fees Cookbook and grower manual sales Volunteer labour

27 Rick Sawatzky Ellen Sawchuk

28 Eric Gerbrandt James Dawson Bayartulga Lkhagvasuren

29 Haskap Manual: Sabbatical Project for 2015 & 2016 Currently 25 grower articles are on our website:

30 Russian Haskap attributes (generalities) Good Even ripening Tall bushes Early ripening Good or Bad Early bloom Early ripening Variable flavours Bad Long thin fruit dehydrates Low weight fruit Fruit tends to drop quickly Many susceptible to mildew

31 Tomichka = Blue Belle = Berry Smart Belle = Polar Jewel = Honey Sweet

32 Russian Varieties Variety trial of 16 varieties, 2006 to 2009 Avg. berry weight 0.5 to 1.0 grams Chose best 5 for breeding

33 Kurile Haskap attributes (generalities) Good Round large fruit Very sweet or low acid Very string branches Immune to mildew Good or Bad Bad Very Late bloom Very Late ripen Fruit holds on very strongly Short bushes Very low productivity Low flavour/aroma

34 Japanese Haskap attributes (generalities) Good Rounder fruit Tall bushes Larger Fruit Good or Bad Bad Uneven ripening Late bloom Late ripen Variable flavours Fruit holds on strongly

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36 Improved Japanese Haskap Maxine Thompson s Program Oregon, USA Soon to be released. 2016? (shown are examples from her program, they might not be what will be released)

37 Japanese Haskap (Hokkaido)

38 1476 Wild Lonicera caerulea plants collected from 297 sites in Canada. A living collection at the U of SK

39 Exceptional Spots High Calcium Soils Extreme Wind Next to salt water Hardiness Zone 6 Not Boreal Forrest

40 NE New Brunswick

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45 Hybrid Haskap attributes (generalities) Potentially: could be good in all categories First U of Sk varieties: Kurile X Russia Hybrids Good: Great fruit quality, large fruit, productive, disease resistant, mid season Bad: Shorter plants Next Generation: Kurile x Russian X Japanese Faster growing, taller plants, more productive Larger fruit Multiple ripening times

46 Lonicera caerulea germplasm

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48 The fruit program is funded by: The Alberta Farm Fresh Producers Association The Alberta Horticultural Growers Congress and Foundational Society Plant Sales & Royalties Volunteers Include: U of S Master Gardeners Parkland Agroforestry SIASK