PROTOCOL FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY TESTS

Transcription

1 PROTOCOL FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY TESTS Actinidia Lindl. KIWIFRUIT UPOV Code: ACTIN Adopted on 28/11/2012 Entered into force on 01/01/2012

2 I SUBJECT OF THE PROTOCOL The protocol describes the technical procedures to be followed in order to meet the Council Regulation (EC) 2100/94 on Community Plant Variety Rights. The technical procedures have been agreed by the Administrative Council and are based on general UPOV Document TG/1/3 and UPOV Guideline TG/098/7 dated 28/03/2012 for the conduct of tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability. This protocol applies to all varieties of Actinidia Lindl. II SUBMISSION OF PLANT MATERIAL 1. The Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO) is responsible for informing the applicant of the closing date for the receipt of plant material; the minimum amount and quality of plant material required; the examination office to which material is to be sent. A sub-sample of the material submitted for test will be held in the variety collection as the definitive sample of the candidate variety. The applicant is responsible for ensuring compliance with any customs and plant health requirements. 2. Final dates for receipt of documentation and material by the Examination Office The final dates for receipt of requests, technical questionnaires and the final date or submission period for plant material will be decided by the CPVO and each Examination Office chosen. The Examination Office is responsible for immediately acknowledging the receipt of requests for testing, and technical questionnaires. Immediately after the closing date for the receipt of plant material the Examination Office should inform the CPVO whether acceptable plant material has been received or not. However if unsatisfactory plant material is submitted the CPVO should be informed as soon as possible. 3. Plant material requirements The final dates for request for technical examination and sending of Technical Questionnaire by the CPVO as well as submission date, quantity and quality of plant material by the applicant can be found in the CPVO website ( in the S2 Gazette. Quality of plants: Chemical treatment: Labelling of sample: Should not be less than the standards laid down in Council Directive 2000/29/EC and its implementing measures. The plant material must not have undergone any treatment unless the CPVO and the examination office allow or request such treatment. If it has been treated, full details of the treatment must be given. - Species - File number of the application allocated by the CPVO - Breeder's reference - Examination office s reference (if known) - Name of applicant - The phrase On request of the CPVO III CONDUCT OF TESTS 1. Variety collection A variety collection will be maintained for the purpose of establishing distinctness of the candidate varieties in test. A variety collection may contain both living material and descriptive information. A variety will be included in a variety collection only if plant material is available to make a technical examination. 2

3 Pursuant to Article 7 of Council Regulation (EC) No. 2100/94, the basis for a collection should be the following: varieties listed or protected at the EU level or at least in one of the EEA Member States; varieties protected in other UPOV Member States; any other variety in common knowledge. The composition of the variety collection in each Examination Office depends on the environmental conditions in which the Examination Office is located. Variety collections will be held under conditions which ensure the long term maintenance of each accession. It is the responsibility of Examination Offices to replace reference material which has deteriorated or become depleted. Replacement material can only be introduced if appropriate tests confirm conformity with the existing reference material. If any difficulties arise for the replacement of reference material, Examination Offices must inform the CPVO. If authentic plant material of a variety cannot be supplied to an Examination Office the variety will be removed from the variety collection. 2. Material to be examined Candidate varieties will be directly compared with other candidates for Community plant variety rights tested at the same Examination Office, and with appropriate varieties in the variety collection. When necessary an Examination Office may also include other candidates and varieties. Examination Offices should therefore make efforts to coordinate the work with other Offices involved in DUS testing of kiwifruit. There should be at least an exchange of technical questionnaires for each candidate variety, and during the test period, Examination Offices should notify each other and the CPVO of candidate varieties which are likely to present problems in establishing distinctness. In order to solve particular problems Examination Offices may exchange plant material. 3. Characteristics to be used The characteristics to be used in DUS tests and preparation of descriptions shall be those referred to in the Annex I. All the characteristics shall be used, providing that observation of a characteristic is not rendered impossible by the expression of any other characteristic, or the expression of a characteristic is prevented by the environmental conditions under which the test is conducted. In the latter case, the CPVO should be informed. In addition the existence of some other regulation e.g. plant health, may make the observation of the characteristic impossible. The Administrative Council empowers the President, in accordance with Article 23 of Commission Regulation (EC) No. 874/2009, to insert additional characteristics and their expression in respect of a variety. 4. Grouping of varieties The varieties and candidates to be compared will be divided into groups to facilitate the assessment of distinctness. Characteristics which are suitable for grouping purposes are those which are known from experience not to vary, or to vary only slightly, within a variety and which in their various states of expression are fairly evenly distributed throughout the collection. In the case of continuous grouping characteristics overlapping states of expression between adjacent groups is required to reduce the risks of incorrect allocation of candidates to groups. The characteristics used for grouping could be the following: For male varieties a) Time of beginning of flowering (characteristic 75) For female and hermaphrodite varieties (fruiting varieties) a) Fruit: weight (characteristic 46) b) Fruit: shape (characteristic 50) c) Fruit: stylar end (characteristic 52) d) Fruit: hairiness of skin (characteristic 59) e) Fruit: colour of outer pericarp (characteristic 65) f) Fruit: colour of locules (characteristic 66) g) Time of maturity for harvest (characteristic 76) 3

4 5. Trial designs and growing conditions For female and hermaphrodite varieties the minimum duration of tests will normally include at least two satisfactory crops of fruit. For male varieties one year of observations might be sufficient provided there is a good blossoming. Tests will be carried out under conditions ensuring normal growth. The size of the plots will be such that plants or parts of plants may be removed for measuring and counting without prejudice to the observations which must be made up to the end of the growing period. The test design is as follows Each test should include 5 plants. Unless otherwise stated, all observations should be made on 5 plants or two parts from each of 5 plants. 6. Special tests In accordance with Article 83(3) of Council Regulation (EC) No. 2100/94 an applicant may claim either in the Technical Questionnaire or during the test that a candidate has a characteristic which would be helpful in establishing distinctness. If such a claim is made and is supported by reliable technical data, a special test may be undertaken providing that a technically acceptable test procedure can be devised. Special tests will be undertaken, with the agreement of the President of CPVO, where distinctness is unlikely to be shown using the characteristics listed in the protocol. 7. Standards for decisions a) Distinctness A candidate variety will be considered to be distinct if it meets the requirements of Article 7 of Council Regulation (EC) No. 2100/94. b) Uniformity For the assessment of uniformity a population standard of 1% and an acceptance probability of 95% should be applied. For a sample size of 5 plants, no off-types are allowed. c) Stability A candidate will be considered to be sufficiently stable when there is no evidence to indicate that it lacks uniformity. IV REPORTING OF RESULTS After each recording season the results will be summarised and reported to the CPVO in the form of a UPOV model interim report in which any problems will be indicated under the headings distinctness, uniformity and stability. When tests are completed the results will be sent by the Examination Office to the CPVO in the form of a UPOV model final report. If it is considered that the candidate complies with the DUS standards, the final report will be accompanied by a variety description in the format recommended by UPOV. If not, the reasons for failure and a summary of the test results will be included with the final report. The variety description should be supplemented by: (i) A colour photograph of transversally sliced fruit (ii) A colour photograph of an industry standard tray full of fruit. The CPVO must receive interim reports and final reports by the date agreed between the CPVO and the examination office. 4

5 Interim reports and final examination reports shall be signed by the responsible member of the staff of the Examination Office and shall expressly acknowledge the exclusive rights of disposal of CPVO. The interim report as well as the final report shall be sent by the Examination Office to the CPVO. V LIAISON WITH THE APPLICANT If problems arise during the course of the test the CPVO should be informed immediately so that the information can be passed on to the applicant. Subject to prior agreement, the applicant may be directly informed at the same time as the CPVO particularly if a visit to the trial is advisable. VI ENTRY INTO FORCE The present protocol enters into force on 01/01/2012. Any ongoing DUS examination of candidate varieties with observations started before the aforesaid date will not be affected by the approval of the new TP. Technical examinations of candidate varieties are carried out according to the TP in force at the time the first observations are made on characteristics in an independent growing cycle. In cases where the CPVO requests to take-over a DUS report for which the technical examination has either been finalized or which is in the process of being carried out at the moment of the request, such report can only be accepted if the technical examination has been carried out according to the CPVO TP which was in force at the moment when the technical examination started. ********** 5

6 ANNEXES TO FOLLOW ANNEX I PAGE Table of characteristics... 7 Legend: (*) UPOV asterisked characteristics (+) See Explanations on the Table of characteristics (a)-(h) See Explanations on the Table of Characteristics G Grouping characteristics Example Varieties: (A) The characteristic only applies to varieties in Group A (B) The characteristic only applies to varieties in Group B Where appropriate, example varieties are provided to clarify the states of expression of each characteristic. The varieties have particular relevance to Actinidia arguta, A. chinensis, A. deliciosa, A. melanandra, A. kolomikta, A. eriantha, A. rufa, A. polygama and interspecific hybrids of these species. Example varieties are separated into two groups: Group A: all varieties belonging to A. deliciosa, A. chinensis, A. kolomikta, A. eriantha, A. rufa Group B: all varieties belonging to A. arguta, A. polygama, A. melanandra, A. macrosperma Types of expression of characteristics: QL Qualitative characteristic QN Quantitative characteristic PQ Pseudo-qualitative characteristic Type of observation of characteristics: MG Single measurement of a group of plants or parts of plants MS Measurement of a number of individual plants or parts of plants VG Visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants or parts of plants VS Visual assessment by observation of individual plants or parts of plants Explanations and methods Literature ANNEX II Technical Questionnaire

7 ANNEX I TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS CPVO UPOV Stage, method Characteristics Examples Note VG Plant: sex (*) female Hayward (A), Shinzan (B) 1 (+) (+) male a-awaji (B), Matua (A) 2 QL QL hermaphrodite Jenny (A) VG Plant: self fruit setting (+) (+) absent 1 QL QL present VG Plant: vigour (+) (+) weak 3 QN QN medium Hayward (A) VG Young shoot: density of hairs strong Bruce (A) 7 very strong 9 (*) (a) very sparse 1 QN QN sparse a-awaji (B), Kuimi (A) 3 medium Hayward (A), Shinzan (B) 5 dense King (A), Mitsukou (B) VG Young shoot: anthocyanin coloration of growing tip (*) (a) absent or very weak Hort16A (A), Mitsukou (B) 1 QN QN (e) weak King (A), Shinzan (B) VG Stem: thickness medium Kousui (B), Tomua (A) 5 strong Houkou (B), Koryoku (A) 7 (*) (b) thin a-gassan (B), Sparkler(A) 1 QN QN medium a-awaji (B), Hayward (A) 2 thick Bruno (A), Shinzan (B) 3 7

8 CPVO UPOV Stage, method Characteristics Examples Note VG Stem: colour of shoot on sunny side (*) (b) green white 1 PQ PQ grey brown King(A), Mitsukou (B) 2 yellow brown Sparkler(A) 3 light brown a-hirano (B), Hort16A(A) 4 red brown Ranger(A) 5 purple brown Bruno(A) 6 dark brown Kousui (B) VG Stem: texture of bark QN QN (b) smooth Shinzan (B), Sparkler(A) 1 moderately rough a-gassan (B), Meteor(A) 2 very rough a-awaji (B), Hayward(A) VG Stem: density of hairs QN QN (b) absent or sparse Meteor (A) 1 (1) medium Hayward (A) 2 dense VG Stem: size of lenticels (*) (b) very small Kaimai (A) 1 QN QN small Monty (A), Shinzan (B) 2 medium Hayward (A), r-gassan (B) 3 large Hort16A (A) VG Stem: number of lenticels (*) (b) few Meteor (A), Shigemidori (B) 3 QN QN medium Hayward (A), Shinzan (B) 5 many Bruno (A), Mitsukou (B) 7 8

9 CPVO UPOV Stage, method Characteristics Examples Note VG Stem: prominence of bud support (*) (b) very weak Sparkler(A) 1 (+) weak Hayward(A) 2 QN QN medium a-awaji (B), King (A) 3 strong Kaimai(A), Shinzan (B) 4 very strong Kuimi (A) (*) VG Stem: presence of bud cover (+) (+) (b) absent Hort16A (A), Kousui (B) 1 QL QL present Hayward (A), Mitsukou (B) VG Stem: size of hole in bud cover (*) (b) small Abbott (A), Mitsukou (B) 1 (+) (+) medium Hayward (A), r-awaji (B) 2 QN QN large Elmwood (A), r-nagano (B) VG Stem: leaf scar (+) (+) (b) flat Meteor (A), Shinzan (B) 1 QN QN moderately depressed Hort16A (A), r-nagano (B) 2 strongly depressed Kousui (B), Monty (A) VG Stem: pith (*) absent 1 (+) (+) lamellate Hayward (A) 2 PQ PQ solid VG Leaf blade: shape (*) (c) lanceolate Kaimai (A) 1 (+) (+) (d) ovate Hayward (A) 2 PQ PQ obovate Bruno (A) VG/MS Leaf blade: ratio length/width (*) (c) moderately elongated Kaimai (A) 3 (+) (+) (d) intermediate Hayward (A) 5 QN QN moderately compressed Matua (A) 7 9

10 CPVO UPOV Stage, method Characteristics Examples Note VG Leaf blade: shape of apex (*) (c) caudate Hortgem Tahi (B) 1 (+) (+) (d) acuminate Kaimai (A), Yukimusume (B) 2 PQ PQ acute Hayward (A) 3 emarginated with cuspidate 4 rounded Satoizumi (B) 5 retuse Shinzan (B) 6 emarginated Kuimi (A) VG Leaf blade: basal lobes (*) (c) none 1 (+) (+) (d) far apart Kaimai (A) 2 QN QN slightly apart Matua (A) 3 touching each other Hort16A (A) 4 (1) slightly overlapping Hayward (A) 5 strongly overlapping VG Leaf blade: number of ciliate serrations (+) (+) (c) few a-shouwa (B) 3 QN QN (d) medium a-gassan (B) 5 (2) many Mitsukou (B) VG Leaf blade: density of hairs on upper side QN QN (c) absent or very sparse Hort16A (A) 1 (d) sparse Kaimai (A) 3 (1) medium Bruno (A) 5 dense Meteor (A) VG Leaf blade: density of hairs on lower side QN QN (c) absent or very sparse Hortgem Tahi (B), Kousui (B) 1 (d) sparse a-gassan (B), Kuimi (A) 3 medium a-shouwa (B), Hayward(A) 5 dense Ranger (A), Shinzan (B) 7 10

11 CPVO UPOV Stage, method Characteristics Examples Note VG Leaf blade: intensity of green colour of upper side (*) (c) light a- Gassan (B) 3 QN QN (d) medium Hayward (A), Satoizumi (B) 5 dark Bruno (A), Shinzan (B) VG Leaf blade: colour of lower side (*) (c) whitish Shinzan (B) 1 PQ PQ (d) light green a-awaji (B), Hortgem Tahi (B) VG Leaf blade: variegation medium green Bruno (A) 3 yellow green Hayward (A) 4 yellow brown 5 QL QL (c) absent 1 (d) present VG Leaf blade: colour of variegation if present PQ PQ (c) white only 1 (d) white and yellow 2 yellow only VG Leaf: length of petiole relative to blade (*) (c) very small Kaimai (A) 1 QN QN (d) small Gracie (A) 3 medium Kousui (B),Meteor (A) 5 large Hayward (A), Satoizumi (B) VG Petiole: anthocyanin coloration of upper side QN QN (c) absent or very weak Kaimai (A), Mitsukou (B) 1 (d) weak Houkou (B), Sparkler (A) 3 (e) medium Hayward (A), Shinzan (B) 5 strong a-hirano (B), Tomua (A) 7 11

12 CPVO UPOV Stage, method Characteristics Examples Note VG Inflorescence: type (+) (+) solitary Jinkui 1 QL QL dichasium Jinyan 2 pleiochasium Moshan No VG/MG Inflorescence: number of flowers (+) (+) very few Hayward (A), Hortgem Rua (B) 1 QN QN few Matua (A) 2 medium Hort22D (A) 3 many VG Flower bud: position of first spike (+) (+) low 1 QN QN (2) medium a-shouwa (B) 2 high a-gassan (B) VG Flower: number of sepals QN QN (f) few Skelton (A) 1 medium Hortgem Tahi (B) 2 many Bruce (A) VG Flower: main colour of sepals (*) (f) white Yukimusume (B) 1 (+) (+) green Hort16A (A), Mitsukou (B) 2 PQ PQ brown Shinzan (B), Tomua(A) 3 reddish brown a-awaji (B), Hortgem Tahi (B) VG Flower: density of sepal hairs QN QN (f) absent or sparse 1 (1) medium 2 dense Bruce (A) 3 12

13 CPVO UPOV Stage, method Characteristics Examples Note MG/MS Flower: diameter (*) (f) small a-gassan (B), Sparkler (A) 3 QN QN medium Matua (A), Satoizumi (B) 5 large Hort (A), Shinzan (B) 7 very large Hayward (A) VG Flower: arrangement of petals (*) (f) free Abbott (A), a-shouwa (B) 1 (+) (+) touching Matua (A), Satoizumi (B) 2 QN QN overlapping Hayward(A) Shinzan (B) VG Flower: shape in profile PQ PQ (f) concave Hayward (A) 1 flat Bruno (A) 2 convex Tamara (A) VG Flower: number of styles QN QN (f) few Yamagatamusume (B) 1 medium Hort16A (A), Satoizumi (B) 2 many Hayward (A), Shinzan (B) VG Flower: attitude of styles (*) (f) erect 1 (+) (+) semi-erect Houkou (B) 2 PQ PQ horizontal Bruno (A), Shinzan (B) 3 irregular Hayward (A) 4 13

14 CPVO UPOV Stage, method Characteristics Examples Note VG Petal: main colour on adaxial side (+) (+) white Hayward(A), Shinzan (B) 1 PQ PQ greenish white Hortgem Tahi (B), Satoizumi (B) 2 yellowish white Bruce (A), Mitsukou (B) 3 yellowish green 4 yellow 5 light pink 6 red pink 7 red VG Petal: shading of main colour (+) (+) (f) lighter towards base 1 QN QN even Hort16A(A) 2 lighter towards apex VG Petal: second colour on adaxial side (+) (+) (f) none 1 PQ PQ white 2 green Hayward (A) 3 light pink 4 dark pink Meteor (A) VG Petal: distribution of second colour (+) (+) (f) marginal only 1 PQ PQ irregular spotted Meteor (A) 2 basal spot only Hayward (A) VG Anther: colour PQ PQ (f) yellow r-nagano (B) 1 yellow orange Bruce (A) 2 grey 3 dark purple Mitsukou (B) 4 black a-shouwa (B) 5 14

15 CPVO UPOV Stage, method Characteristics Examples Note MG Fruit: weight (*) (g) very low 1 (+) (+) low Huaguang2 (A) 3 QN QN medium Hort16 (A), Hortgem Tahi (B), Tomua (A) 5 high Hayward (A), Jin Feng (A) 7 G very high Jade Moon (A) MG/MS Fruit: length (*) (g) short Kuimi (A) Hortgem Tahi (B) 3 (+) (+) medium Hayward (A) 5 QN QN long Bruno (A) Hortgem Toru (B) MG/MS Fruit: width (*) (g) narrow Bruno (A) 3 (+) medium Hayward (A) 5 QN broad Kuimi (A) MG Fruit: ratio length/width (*) (g) weakly elongated Bruno (A) 3 (+) (+) medium Hayward (A) 5 QN QN weakly compressed Kuimi (A) VG Fruit: shape (*) (g) ovate Hort16A (A), Jecy Gold (A), Yamagatamusume (B) 1 (+) (+) oblong Hortgem Toru (B), Wilkins Super (A) 2 PQ PQ elliptic Hayward (A), Mitsukou (B) 3 circular Hort (A) 4 oblate Kuimi (A), Shinzan (B) 5 G obovate Monty (A) 6 15

16 CPVO UPOV Stage, method Characteristics Examples Note VG Fruit: shape in cross section (at median) (*) (g) circular Bruno (A), Mitsukou (B) 1 (+) (+) oblate Hortgem Tahi (B), Kousui (B), Wilkins Super(A) 2 PQ PQ transverse elliptic Hayward (A) VG Fruit: stylar end (*) (g) strongly depressed 1 (+) (+) weakly depressed Jade Moon (A) 2 PQ PQ flat Hayward (A), Satoizumi (B) 3 rounded Kousui (B), Tomua (A) 4 weakly blunt protruding Skelton (A) 5 strongly blunt protruding Hort16A (A) 6 G pointed protrusion Hortgem Toru (B) VG Fruit: degree of pointed protusion (+) (+) (g) weak 1 QN QN medium 2 (2) strong VG Fruit: presence of calyx ring (+) (+) (g) absent or weak Bruno (A) 1 QN QN (1) medium Hayward (A) 2 strong Hort16A (A), Qinmei (A) VG Fruit: shape of shoulder at stalk end (*) (g) truncate Hortgem Tahi (B), Mitsukou (B) 1 (+) (+) weakly sloping Hayward (A), Kousui (B) 2 PQ PQ strongly sloping Skelton (A) MG/VG /MS Fruit: length of stalk (*) (g) short Hortgem Tahi (B), Houmitu (A) 3 QN QN medium Sanuki Gold (A), Shinzan (B) 5 long Hayward (A) 7 16

17 CPVO UPOV Stage, method Characteristics Examples Note MG/VG /MS Fruit: length of stalk relative to length of fruit (*) (g) very short Wuzhi3 (A) 1 (+) (+) short Bruno (A), Kousui (B) 3 QN QN medium Allison (A), Shinzan (B) 5 long Hayward (A) 7 very long Jade Moon (A) VG Fruit: conspicuousness of lenticels on skin QN QN (g) weak Hort16A (A), Mitsukou (B) VG Fruit: hairiness of skin medium Hayward (A) 2 strong Kousui (B), Top Star Vantini (A) 3 (*) (g) absent Shinzan (B), Shouwa (B) 1 QL G QL present Hayward (A) VG Fruit: density of hairs (*) (g) very sparse Top Star Vantini(A) 1 (+) (+) (1) sparse Hort16A (A) 3 QN QN medium Hayward (A) 5 dense Bruno (A) VG Fruit: colour of hairs PQ PQ (g) white 1 (1) yellow 2 yellow brown Hort16A (A) 3 reddish brown 4 medium brown Hayward (A) 5 dark brown Bruno (A) 6 17

18 CPVO UPOV Stage, method Characteristics Examples Note VG Fruit: adherence of hairs to skin (*) (g) very weak Tomua (A) 1 (+) (+) weak Hort16A (A) 3 QN QN (1) medium Abott (A) 5 strong Hayward (A) VG Fruit: colour of skin (*) (h) light green Hortgem Rua (B) 1 (+) (+) medium green Hortgem Tahi (B),Mitsukou (B) 2 PQ PQ reddish green 3 yellow 4 greenish brown Hayward (A), Shinzan (B) 5 reddish brown 6 light brown Hort16A (A) 7 medium brown Sanuki Gold (A) 8 dark brown Kousui (B), Tomua (A) 9 purple red VG Fruit: adherence of skin to flesh QN QN (h) weak 1 (2) medium Hortgem Tahi (B) 2 strong Hortgem Toru (B) 3 18

19 CPVO UPOV Stage, method Characteristics Examples Note VG Fruit: colour of outer pericarp (*) (h) light green Shinzan (B) 1 (+) (+) medium green Hayward (A) 2 PQ PQ dark green Hortgem Toru (B) 3 greenish yellow Hort22D (A), Satoizumi (B) 4 medium yellow Hort16A (A), Kousui (B) 5 dark yellow Hort (A) 6 yellowish orange 7 orange 8 red 9 G red purple VG Fruit: colour of locules (*) (h) light green Shinzan (B) 1 (+) (+) medium green Hayward (A), Hortgem Tahi (B) 2 PQ PQ dark green Hortgem Toru (B) 3 greenish yellow Satoizumi (B) 4 medium yellow Hort16A (A), Kousui (B) 5 dark yellow Hort (A) 6 red Hort22D (A), Hortgem Rua (B) 7 G red purple VG Fruit: spread of reddish colour along locules (if present) (+) (+) (h) very weak Red Princess (A) 1 QN QN weak Honghua (A) 2 medium Chuhong (A) 3 strong 4 very strong Hort22D (A) 5 19

20 CPVO UPOV Stage, method Characteristics Examples Note VG Fruit: intensity of reddish colour in locules QN QN (h) light Red Princess (A) 3 medium 5 dark Hort22D (A) VG/MG Fruit: width of core relative to fruit (*) small Hort16A (A) 3 (+) (+) small to medium 4 QN QN (h) medium Bruno (A) 5 medium to large Tomua (A) 6 large Hayward (A) VG Fruit: general shape of core in cross section (*) (h) circular Jintao (A), Yukimusume (B) 1 (+) (+) oblate Hort22D (A), Hortgem Tahi (B), Shinzan (B) 2 PQ PQ transverse elliptic Hort16A (A), Mitsukou (B) VG Fruit: colour of core (*) (h) white Hort22D (A) 1 PQ PQ greenish white Hayward (A), Hortgem Tahi (B) 2 yellow white Hort16A (A), Shinzan (B) 3 red purple VG/MG Fruit: sweetness (+) (+) (h) very low Jade Moon (A) 1 QN QN low Hayward (A), Satoizumi (B) 3 medium Tomua (A), Yukimusume (B) 5 high Hort16A (A), Kousui (B) VG/MG Fruit: acidity (+) (+) (h) low Sanuki Gold (A), Satoizumi (B) 3 QN QN medium Hayward (A), Yamagatamusume (B) 5 high a-gassan (B), Bruno (A) 7 20

21 CPVO UPOV Stage, method Characteristics Examples Note VG/MG Time of vegetative bud burst (*) very early Hort16A (A), Hortgem Rua (B) 1 QN QN early Tomua (A), Yukimusume (B) 3 medium Hayward (A), Shinzan (B) 5 late Mitsukou (B) VG/MG Time of beginning of flowering (*) early Hort16A (A), Yukimusume (B) 3 (+) (+) medium Abbott (A), Kousui (B) 5 QN G QN late Hayward (A) VG/MG Time of maturity for harvest (*) (g) very early Hortgem Rua (B) 1 (+) (+) early Hort22D (A), Hortgem Tahi (B), Yamagatamusume (B) 3 QN QN medium Kousui (B), Tomua (A) 5 G late Hayward (A), Yukimusume (B) 7 21

22 EXPLANATIONS AND METHODS Explanations covering several characteristics Characteristics containing the following key in the third column of the Table of Characteristics should be examined as indicated below: (1) Applies to Example variety Group A type varieties only (2) Applies to Example variety Group B type varieties only a) All observations on the young shoot should be made during active vegetative growth. Observation of hairs should be made on internodes from the middle third of growing shoots. b) All observations on the stem (including observations on the buds and bud support) should be made in the middle third of the replacement stem after leaf fall. c) The shape, size and hairiness of leaves can vary greatly according to the type and vigor of the shoot on which they are borne. Unless specified, the shoots should be replacement canes, i.e., those that will be tied down and retained for the following season s flowering. d) All observations on the leaf should be made near the middle of the current season s growth on sufficiently mature, but not old leaves. The most basal leaves of a shoot should be excluded since they do not usually attain full size or typical shape. e) All observations on the presence or absence of anthocyanin coloration in vegetative organs refer to the general appearance of the organ, irrespective of whether red pigments are present in hairs or in the underlying surface. f) All observations on the flower should be made on recently fully-opened terminal (king) flowers. g) Observations on fruit characteristics should be made at harvest maturity. h) Observations on fruit characteristics should be made when ripe for eating. Explanations for individual characteristics Ad. 1: Plant: sex A hermaphrodite variety has flowers with stigmas and anthers with pollen. Ad. 2: Plant: self fruit setting A self fruiting variety will set viable fruit without the presence of polleniser male plants or if flowers are bagged to prevent cross pollination. Ad. 3: Plant: vigour Plant vigour is determined by the evaluation of the overall abundance of vegetative growth. 22

23 Ad. 12: Stem: prominence of bud support Ad. 15: Stem: leaf scar bud support height stem diameter The prominence of the bud support is determined by the bud support height/stem diameter contrast. Ad. 13: Stem: presence of bud cover 1 9 absent present The absence or presence of the bud cover is indicated by the visibility of the bud. A variety with no bud cover has a strongly protruding bud which is clearly visible. A variety with a bud cover has an almost invisible bud that appears sunk into the stem. Ad. 14: Stem: size of hole in bud cover bud cover small medium large 23

24 Ad. 16: Stem: pith The stem is cut in longitudinal section and the inner part is observed from above. 1 absent the inner part is empty or hollow 2 3 lamellate solid Ad. 17: Leaf blade: shape Ad. 18: Leaf blade: ratio length/width broadest part (below middle) at middle (above middle) compressed width (ratio length/width) elongated 1 lanceolate 2 ovate 3 obovate 24

25 Ad. 19: Leaf blade: shape of apex pointed 1 caudate 2 acuminate 3 acute 4 emarginate with cuspidate rounded 5 rounded notched 6 retuse 7 emarginate Ad. 20: Leaf blade: basal lobes none far apart slightly apart touching each other slightly overlapping strongly overlapping 25

26 Ad. 21: Leaf blade: number of ciliate serrations few medium many Ad. 30: Inflorescence: type solitary dichasium pleiochasium Ad. 31: Inflorescence: number of flowers Flowers occur on the first 1-6 nodes on a current season s shoot. The observation should be made immediately before flower opening, when at least 2 nodes have developed. The number of flowers present at each node is recorded. It is recommended that at least two shoots are observed per plant. Ad. 32: Flower bud: position of first spike The position of the first spike is determined by node order, of which the first spike is set, from the base. Some varieties set the first spike at the lowest node from the base. Ad. 34: Flower: main colour of sepals The sepal may have more than one colour. The main colour is the colour with the largest surface area on the organ. 26

27 Ad. 37: Flower: arrangement of petals Flowers are viewed from beneath as shown in the diagrams free touching overlapping Ad. 40: Flower: attitude of styles State 4 irregular: The attitude of the styles is a mixture of erect, semi erect and horizontal in any combination of two of three different attitudes. The general impression of the flowers is one of no consistency of style attitude or a single predominant style attitude. Ad. 41: Petal: main colour on adaxial side Ad. 42: Petal: shading of main colour The main colour is the colour with the largest surface area on the petal. The main colour may be shaded, being darker or lighter from base to apex. This is also referred to as a different intensity of colour or colour gradient on an organ. The adaxial side is facing the axis of the flower, the upper side. Note that the upper side may be facing downwards when observed on the plant. Ad. 43: Petal: second colour on adaxial side Ad. 44: Petal: distribution of second colour The secondary colour is identified as the colour with the second largest surface area on the organ. The second colour occurs as a single basal spot, irregular spotting over the entire petal or solid coloration on or near the margin. Ad. 46: Fruit: weight Fruit weight should be determined by a sample size of 25 harvested fruits, 5 each from 5 plants. Ad 47: Fruit: length Ad 48: Fruit: width width length 27

28 Ad. 49: Fruit: ratio length/width Ad. 50: Fruit: shape broadest part below the middle at middle above middle elongated 2 oblong length/width ratio 1 ovate 3 elliptic 6 obovate 4 circular compressed 5 oblate Ad. 51: Fruit: shape in cross section (at median) circular oblate transverse elliptic 28

29 Ad. 52: Fruit: stylar end strongly depressed weakly depressed flat rounded weakly blunt protruding strongly blunt protruding pointed protrusion Ad. 53: Fruit: degree of pointed protrusion weak medium strong Ad. 54: Fruit: presence of calyx ring absent or weak medium strong Ad. 55: Fruit:shape of shoulder at stalk end truncate weakly sloping strongly sloping Ad. 57: Fruit: length of stalk relative to length of fruit The relativity is determined by the size of the difference between the length of the stalk and the length of the fruit. Short means moderately shorter stalk to length of fruit, medium means similar stalk length to fruit length, long means moderately longer stalk to length of fruit. 29

30 Ad. 58: Fruit: conspicuousness of lenticels on skin The conspicuousness of lenticels is determined by the size and number on the skin. Ad. 60: Fruit: density of hairs The density is determined by the combination of the number of hairs and length of individual hairs. Ad. 62: Fruit: adherence of hairs to skin Observation is made by rubbing a finger across the fruit surface and determining the ease or difficulty of hair removal. Ad. 63 Fruit: colour of skin The colour of skin is assessed at harvest after removal of as much hair as practical. The colour of the skin does not include coloration from hair. Ad. 65: Fruit: colour of outer pericarp Ad. 66: Fruit: colour of locules outer pericarp base of colour of locule outer pericarp inner pericarp core locule Ad. 67: Fruit: spread of reddish colour along locules (if present) very weak weak medium 4 5 strong very strong 30

31 Ad. 69: Fruit: width of core relative to fruit width of fruit (diameter of fruit) width of core Ad. 70: Fruit: general shape of core in cross section circular oblate transverse elliptic Ad. 72: Fruit: sweetness The total soluble solids content is measured by refractometer. Ad. 73: Fruit: acidity Acidity is determined by titration of titrateable acids. Ad. 74: Time of vegetative bud burst When 10% of buds are showing green shoots. Ad. 75: Time of beginning of flowering When 10% of flower buds have fully opened. Ad. 76: Time of maturity for harvest It is recommended that harvest occur when the total soluble solids content is at the level determined by national or regional harvest requirements. The total soluble solids can be measured by Brix test. 31

32 LITERATURE Astridge, S.J., 1975: Cultivars of Chinese gooseberry (Actinidia chinensis) in New Zealand. Economic Botany 29. pp. 357 to 360. Bellini, E., Monastra, F., 1986: Propagazione, problemi vivaistici, scelta varietale e miglioramento genetico dell actinidia. pp. 43 to 83. In: G. Bargioni, F. Lalatta and A. Febi (coord.). Incontro frutticolo la coltura dell actinidia. Atti del Convegno, Verona, 29 Aprile Verona, Cassa di Risparmio di Verona, Vicennza e Belluno per l Agricoltura. Bergamini, A., Monastra, F., 1989: Schede per lo studio dell actinidia in uso presso l Istituto sperimentale per la Frutticoltura di Roma. Annali dell Istituto Sperimentale per la Frutticoltura. pp. 20, 121 to 134. Cui, Z.-X., 1993: [Actinidia in China] (in Chinese) Shandong Scientific and Technology Press. Jinan, CN. Ferguson, A.R., 1997: Kiwifruit (Chinese gooseberry). In: The Brooks and Olmo Register of Fruit & Nut Varieties, 3 rd Edition. ASHS Press. Alexandria, VA, US, pp. 319 to 323. Matatabi, K., 1995: Japanese National Test Guidelines for Kiwifruit. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1992: Kiwis. Kiwifruit. International Standardisation of Fruit and Vegetables. OECD. Paris. Testolin, R., Crivello, V., 1987: Il kiwi e il suo mondo. Venezia: Federazione Regionale Coltivatore Diretti del Veneto; Centrol Regionale IRIPSA-Quadrifoglio. Valmori, I., 1991: Nuove varieta in frutticoltura. Bologna: Edizioni Agricole. Zhang, J., Thorp, T.G., 1986: Morphology of nine pistillate and three staminate New Zealand clones of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson var. deliciosa). New Zealand Journal of Botany. pp 24, 589 to

33 ANNEX II The Technical Questionnaire is available on the CPVO website under the following reference: CPVO-TQ/098/2 33